•Speeding is an important cause of crashes and is more frequent among males than females.•We investigated gender social norms of judgment about speeding in two studies.•Speeding is valued more on the ...social utility dimension than the desirability-one.•Males less valuate speed limit compliance than females on social desirability.•The representation of the compliant driver should be improved, especially among males.
Introduction: Among risky driving behaviors, speeding is a main causal and aggravating factor of road crashes and is more frequent among males than females. Research suggests that this gender gap could be explained by gender social norms that lead males to assign more social value to speeding than females. However, few studies have proposed directly investigating gendered prescriptive norms associated with speeding. We propose to address this gap through two studies based on the socio-cognitive approach to social norms of judgment. Methods: Study 1 (N = 128, within-subject design) investigated the extent to which speeding is subject to social valuation among males, compared to females, through a self-presentation task. Study 2 (N = 885, between-subject design) aimed to identify the dimension of social value (i.e., social desirability, social utility) that both genders associate with speeding, based on a judgment task. Results and conclusion: Although results of study 1 indicate that both genders devaluate speeding and valuate speed limits compliance, we found that males do so to a lesser extent than females. Results of study 2 further suggest that males less valuate speed limit compliance than females on the social desirability dimension, while no gender difference were found in valuation of speeding on both dimensions of social value. Regardless of gender, results also indicate that speeding is valued more on the social utility than on the social desirability dimension, while speed limit compliance is valued similarly on both dimensions. Practical applications: Road safety campaigns toward males could benefit to focus more on enhancing the representations of speed compliant drivers, in terms of social desirability, than devaluing the representation of speeding drivers.
Population growth and technological improvements are driving up energy demand at all over the world. Due to the lavishness of sunlight, the demand for solar energy for electrification has exploded. ...This paper describes various trending aspects of the solar energy system under different circumstances. This comprehensive review on solar energy system is based on the different parameters. At the initial level design prospectus of solar cell is assessed through the quantum dots based solar cells, recent trends of solar energy system are explained through the solar powered tree and floating solar power plant, further analysis is application of trending technology such as internet of things, artificial intelligence, data analysis and cognitive approach in the area of solar energy system.
The cognitive and linguocultural aspects of metaphor implementation in Russian linguoculture are considered on the basis of figurative words and expressions in sports discourse. The novelty of the ...study lies in revealing the fact that more and more new conceptual areas are involved in presenting sporting events and building communication with reader: various terms of IT technologies, the world of TV series and computer games, while new stable systems of comparison begin to form: “sport” — “virtual computer world”, “sport” — “series”. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the use of terms from computer games and TV series that help to form an assessment of events or persons in the world of sports. It is noted that the study of metaphors is of great importance not only for the study of various types of discourse, but also for understanding the algorithms for mastering the picture of the world. At the same time, it is recognized that the main regular metaphors of sports discourse are based on the interaction of such conceptual areas as “sport” — “war”, “sport” — “show”, “sport” — “labor”. It is clarified that the focus of this article is on new conceptual areas that enrich and expand human understanding of sports
The paper reviews the classification approaches of non-invasive P300 and hybrid brain−computer interface (BCI) spellers with threshold over 85% of classification accuracy and high speed (the best ...speed among reviewed is about 131 bit per minute). The P300 spellers give patients with motor disorders the opportunity to communicate using, for instance, EEG signals. The most number of P300 spellers work with raw signal and linear classification instruments. The reviewed data could be used for elaboration of own cognitive interface not only for communication, but also for cognitive trainings and even creation. Summarizing the data we made an attempt to produce own BCI system using traditional P300 speller design, xDawn signal preprocessing and comparative linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression (LR) classification approaches, that demonstrated the best accuracy up to 97% for target vs non-target with LR. The tested prototype demonstrated information transfer rate (ITR) around 23 bits/min (~5 symbols per minute), that have to be improved.
The digital factory represents an indispensable method for factory layout planning. Based on digital factory methods numerous tools for layout planning have been developed in the last years, which ...enable the space organization of the assets of a factory based on 2D/3D data. Such tools have a difficulty to show the whole layout plan and to interact and to handle with the factory assets in intuitive and realistic manner. This paper presents and discuss a VR-based approach for efficient factory planning. This approach enables fully immersion in the virtual environment represented factory and an intuitive interaction with factory equipment. Hence, the layout planning can be assessed in real time regarding e.g. efficiency of surface use, martial flow, ergonomics. The presented approach has been designed based on the many years experience of the author as digital factory engineer in the industry and based on intensive discussion with industry experts.
•The linguistic marking of coherence relations is influenced by cognitive complexity.•The systematicity in the marking of coherence relations is similar across languages.•Uses Cognitive approach to ...Coherence Relations to determine a relation's complexity.•Both relational and syntactic dependency appear to be related to relation type.
Coherence relations can be made linguistically explicit by means of connectives (e.g., but, because) or cue phrases (e.g., on the other hand, which is why), but can also be left implicit and conveyed through the juxtaposition of two clauses or sentences. However, it seems that not all relations are equally easy to reconstruct when they are implicit. In this paper, we explore which features of coherence relations make them more, or less, likely to be conveyed implicitly. We adopt the assumption that expected relations are more often implicit than relations that are not expected, and propose to determine a relation's expectedness using the notion of cognitive complexity. We test our hypotheses by means of a parallel corpus study, in which we analyze the translations of explicit English coherence relations from the Europarl Direct corpus into four target languages: Dutch, German, French, and Spanish. We find that cognitive complexity indeed influences the linguistic marking of coherence relations, and that this does not vary between the languages in our corpus. In addition, we find that a relation's relational and syntactic dependency also influences its linguistic marking, but that these measures are not completely independent of relation type.
With the reformation of Ukrainian criminal procedural legislation and the conviction of individual scholars in the necessity of applying a methodological approach to scientific research, new ideas on ...the nature and procedure of criminal procedural evidence have started to emerge in the domestic scientific literature. The purpose of the paper is to distinguish scientific concepts to criminal procedural proof and substantiation of the expediency of isolation and use of the complex and systemic approach. This study of criminal procedural proof was performed using a methodological approach, the essence of which is to change the attention of the researcher from the object as such to the means and methods of their own thought. The application of an activity-based methodological approach in scientific research allows us to further develop other conceptual ideas about criminal procedural proof, which will contribute to a deeper and more complete study of this legal phenomenon.
This paper presents two case studies achieved within industrial cooperation projects between the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe and German manufacturers for special appliances. The aim of ...the case studies is development and implementation of training applications for the use and the handling of special vehicle using the virtual reality technology. Based on the experiences gathered during these cooperation projects the challenges that face the VR introduction in the industrial area is outlined in this paper. Furthermore, a best practice approach on how to transfer CAD to VR data to implement industrial VR application is presented in this contribution.
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