The rapid development in EV technologies in recent years has accelerated the adoption of EVs and the widespread use of EVs has augmented the interest in charging stations. In order to contribute to ...the works on this concern, a novel EV Charging-Discharging Station Scheme (EVCDS), is proposed in this work. EVCDS proposes a clustered charging station at the parking lots of commercial enterprises because of the advantages of this settlement from the views of the utility grid, EV drivers and the operators. Moreover, a kind of incentivization is applied in the cost calculation of charge/discharge operations for increasing the advantages of EVCDS for operators and EV drivers by including EV drivers to efficient use of energy. In EVCDS, EVs and loads of the commercial enterprise are energy consumers while Photovoltaic-Battery system, EVs (due to discharging) and the utility grid are energy sources. EVCDS manages these energy sources within the framework of a developed priority based energy management strategy for promoting well balanced and efficient use of energy. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of EVCDS, several scenarios are created and simulated. In these scenarios, charging stations are located at the parking lot of a shopping mall in Turkey. Simulation results show that EVCDS reduces the daily energy demand by 64.24% and the high power demand by 32.86% compared to the same charging station plant without EVCDS. In addition, applied incentivization in EVCDS provides 36.70% reduction in the total energy cost of the operator.
•A novel Electric Vehicle Charging/Discharging Stations Scheme is presented.•Energy management of a clustered of charging stations and its easy integration to smart grid are discussed.•Complementary energy sources are examined for supplying energy demand of EV charging•A cost incentivization method is proposed for efficient use of charging stations.
The article discusses the features of lexical and semantic organization of the toponymic space of the city on the example of Russian (Ekaterinburg) and French (Rennes) ergonyms. Using the continuous ...sampling, ergonyms (510 and 228, respectively) were analyzed and classified. The results of a survey of city residents showed that respondents described associations that arise in relation to the proposed items, and determined the functional profile of the commercial enterprise by its name. The subsequent statistical analysis revealed the most productive nominative models. The authors believe that the target audience should influence the choice of the name of a commercial property, since the social well-being of city residents is a leading factor in the success of urban development.
Business Intelligence (BI) also, SMEs square degree unmistakable examination areas anyway large cooperation amongst the ones factors can deliver the a achievement benefit from every other. This ...collaboration has been thinking about in main the dynamic climate. This connection will exclusively beautify singular bits of expertise of BI and SMEs, it adds to the business enterprise herbal execution. despite the fact that examination on BI and SMEs is tremendous so far, restricted spotlight was given on studying detail among Bi and SMEs. Thusly, this investigation is expected to accomplice examinations writing and investigates an incorporated study of writing broke down on anyway BI and SMEs benefit from every other and affords to the economic business enterprise ecological execution. A subjective substance examination have become directed for the approach that considers forty three articles for information deliver. Discoveries of the writing audit prescribe upgrading capacity of SMEs and new advancement of Bi, that might affect each different. Discoveries of this research may also become supportive for additonal examination regarding Bi usage success
Demand Side Management in power systems plays an important role in ensuring a reliable power supply and protecting the environment. Demand Side Management in the commercial sector is vital for ...sustainable development during China's industrial restructuring. A hybrid multi-criteria decision making framework for evaluating Demand Side Management performance of commercial enterprises is proposed from a sustainability perspective. A fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to determine the weights of the criteria and a fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution is applied to rank Demand Side Management performance. An evaluation index system is built, containing economic, social, environmental and technical criteria associated with 15 sub-criteria. Four groups of expert panels from government departments, research institutions, electricity utilities and commercial enterprises gave judgments on criteria weights and criteria performances for alternatives. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid framework was demonstrated through a case study in Beijing, in which Demand Side Management performances of four alternatives were ranked. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the hybrid framework is robust.
Remanufacturing is considered one of the most effective and efficient end-of-life strategies of the circular economy, in terms of environmental benefits and economic viability. Products are ...circulating all over the world, coming from multiple sources and numerous intermediates. Thereby, making the supply chain between the user and the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) very complex when it comes to recovering products at their end-of-life. In fact, local sellers have direct contact with users, as they are geographically close, which makes it easier for them to recuperate worn out and obsolete products. However, these sellers lack the know-how and the technical knowledge necessary to develop the remanufacturing process. This paper presents the strategy to be followed by small companies to adopt and implement the remanufacturing process, in order to give these end-of-life products a second life and to make a profit from both new and remanufactured products. In particular, it focuses on the specific case of a small company in France, that included the process of remanufacturing air compressors and electric motors in its business model and started selling them directly to users. Therefore, this study will display the multiple advantages that this remanufacturing strategy has to offer and will also show the barriers that can be faced when applying this strategy.
To establish sustainable and stable relations based on credit are the goal of supply chain management. To accomplish “all win” consequence with chain-partners and clients will be the trends and the ...future of enterprise management. As the differentiation of internal supply chain function of large-scale manufacturers, small and medium-sized commercial enterprises, mainly serve for circulation market, which are very important logistic parts of supply chain, for a long period the fundamental and main operation mode of them was very inefficient and unsystematic, which should be changed as soon as possible. So in this article, we effort to study and discuss how to build kind of suitable, effective operation mode (especially capital operation) based on supply chain management for the small and medium-sized commercial enterprises, which was featured as restrained-scale, capital-deficiency but at the same time always have the strong needs and anxieties for management innovation in order to accomplish destinations as follow: More effective way to integrate resources of both upstream and downstream supply chain partners as much as possible for operation; More efficient cash-flow; Accelerating grown-up speed; keep eyes on long term enterprise profits and developments.
This study was carried out to develop precision direct drill Seeder with controls of seed depth for direct sowing of rice on paddy field. This performance will exert influence on the stable ...germination by decreasing an inappropriate germination. The developed 8-row or 10-row seeders were investigated in the regional adaptability tests to support commercial enterprise of the developed seeders smoothly. These seeders were evaluated by user about the operational performance and the durability. The result were summarized that the developed machine have worked many fields under high accuracy, and some improvement points were cleared. The developed Seeder was put on to the market in spring 2000.
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