Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is innovatively used in creating customized healthy food for different population groups. This study provided two appropriate food-ink systems with common ...bean protein extract (CBPE) for the syringe-based 3D food printer (0.5 g of sodium alginate, 6 g of gelatin, and 40 g of CBPE in 100 mL of water) and the gear-based 3D food printer (3.5 g of agar, 0.05 g of xanthan, and 12 g of CBPE in 100 mL of water), respectively. Superfine grinding significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the particle size of CBPE and resulted in a reduction in the printability mainly through increasing (p < 0.05) the adhesiveness and the swell powder of food-ink systems, respectively for the syringe-based 3D food printer and the gear-based 3D food printer. The decrease in the stability of printed products by the syringe-based 3D food printer was mainly due to the reduced water binding capacity (p < 0.05) by superfine grinding. Besides, the syringe-based 3D food printer was more suitable for printing CBPE based foods due to its weaker effects on the α-AI activity (p < 0.05). These findings were expected to provide new ideas for the potential application of white common bean protein in 3D food printing technology.
•Two food-ink systems with common bean protein extracts (CBPE) were established.•Superfine grinding of CBPE affected the 3D printability of the food-ink systems.•Superfine grinding of CBPE modified the physical properties of the food-ink systems.•CBPE kept the a-AI activity after 3D printing by the syringe-based printer.
AIMS: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are major staple food crops consumed worldwide. Zinc (Zn) deficiency represents a common ...micronutrient deficiency in human populations, especially in regions of the world where staple food crops are the main source of daily calorie intake. Foliar application of Zn fertilizer has been shown to be effective for enriching food crop grains with Zn to desirable amounts for human nutrition. For promoting adoption of this practice by growers, it is important to know whether foliar Zn fertilizers can be applied along with pesticides to wheat, rice and also common bean grown across different soil and environmental conditions. METHODS: The feasibility of foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄.7H₂O) to wheat, rice and common bean in combination with commonly used five fungicides and nine insecticides was investigated under field conditions at the 31 sites-years of seven countries, i.e., China, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey, Brazil and Zambia. RESULTS: Significant increases in grain yields were observed with foliar Zn/foliar Zn + pesticide (5.2–7.7 % of wheat and 1.6–4.2 % of rice) over yields with no Zn treatment. In wheat, as average of all experiments, higher grain Zn concentrations were recorded with foliar Zn alone (41.2 mg kg⁻¹) and foliar Zn + pesticide (38.4 mg kg⁻¹) as compared to no Zn treatment (28.0 mg kg⁻¹). Though the magnitude of grain Zn enrichment was lesser in rice than wheat, grain Zn concentrations in brown rice were significantly higher with foliar Zn (24.1 mg kg⁻¹) and foliar Zn + pesticide (23.6 mg kg⁻¹) than with no Zn (19.1 mg kg⁻¹). In case of common bean, grain Zn concentration increased from 68 to 78 mg kg⁻¹ with foliar Zn alone and to 77 mg kg⁻¹ with foliar Zn applied in combination with pesticides. Thus, grain Zn enrichment with foliar Zn, without or with pesticides, was almost similar in all the tested crops. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained at the 31 experimental site-years of seven countries revealed that foliar Zn fertilization can be realized in combination with commonly-applied pesticides to contribute Zn biofortification of grains in wheat, rice and common bean. This agronomic approach represents a useful practice for the farmers to alleviate Zn deficiency problem in human populations.
Display omitted
•Common bean milk and yogurt were developed, and their bioactivities were assessed.•Phenolics and peptides were characterized in bean products as bioactive compounds.•Yogurts ...contained more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds than milks.•Two γ-glutamyl dipeptides were first reported of their bioactive activities.
Common bean milks and their corresponding probiotic yogurts were developed and subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion before characterization and assessment of bioactivities. Only digestates fractions of molecular weight <10 kDa showed strong cellular antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity as demonstrated in suppressed TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. Phenolic and peptide fractions were purified from the digestates. Yogurts showed significantly stronger cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to their corresponding milks because of the significantly higher total and individual phenolic and peptide contents (P < 0.05). Eleven phenolic compounds and five amino acids/peptides were identified in the phenolic and peptide fractions, respectively using LC-MS/MS. Among them, two γ-glutamyl-dipeptides are reported for the first time for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Peptide fractions of yogurts containing higher concentrations of γ-glutamyl-peptides showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells than in HT-29 cells, suggesting the involvement of a peptide transporter PepT1.
Common bean is a legume important in Mediterranean diet with interesting nutritional food characteristics due to its proteins, fibers and antioxidant activity. There is an increased interest among ...consumers in foods rich in natural antioxidants for maintaining and improving health. Beyond this, beans are a low-price food and an excellent complement for the population with low income. There are some differences in the phenolic and flavonoid compounds content and antioxidant capacity between accessions of common bean. In this study, 15 traditional Portuguese and 1 Greek accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were analyzed. Total phenols, ortho-diphenols and flavonoid contents were investigated and antioxidant activity were measured by different assays (DPPH, ABTS) which may give a better characterization of this activity.
Legumes are the third largest family of angiosperms and the second most important crop class. Legume genomes have been shaped by extensive large-scale gene duplications, including an approximately 58 ...million year old whole genome duplication shared by most crop legumes.
We report the genome and the transcription atlas of coding and non-coding genes of a Mesoamerican genotype of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., BAT93). Using a comprehensive phylogenomics analysis, we assessed the past and recent evolution of common bean, and traced the diversification of patterns of gene expression following duplication. We find that successive rounds of gene duplications in legumes have shaped tissue and developmental expression, leading to increased levels of specialization in larger gene families. We also find that many long non-coding RNAs are preferentially expressed in germ-line-related tissues (pods and seeds), suggesting that they play a significant role in fruit development. Our results also suggest that most bean-specific gene family expansions, including resistance gene clusters, predate the split of the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools.
The genome and transcriptome data herein generated for a Mesoamerican genotype represent a counterpart to the genomic resources already available for the Andean gene pool. Altogether, this information will allow the genetic dissection of the characters involved in the domestication and adaptation of the crop, and their further implementation in breeding strategies for this important crop.
•A total of 56 MATE genes were identified and characterized in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L).•Phytozome and qRT-PCR data analysis revealed tissue-specific expression profiles of PvMATE ...genes.•Some PvMATE genes in roots were respond to heavy metal, organic pollutant and drought stress.
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family plays an important role in the detoxification process of plants under various stresses. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study on MATE family members has thus far not been performed in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.), limiting our understanding of its functions in common bean acclimation to stressful environments. In this study, a total of 56 PvMATEs members with uneven distribution on all chromosomes were identified from the common bean genome, with the most on chromosome 4 (10 members) and the least on chromosome 6 and 10 (1 members). Based on their orthologous relationship with those from Arabidopsis and rice, PvMATEs were classified into Clades I, II, III and Ⅳ, wherein 19, 15, 14, and 8 members were included, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) term and cis-regulatory element (CRE) analyses results indicated that the potential functions of PvMATEs were involved in hormonal response, developmental regulation and multiple stress response of common bean. The results of Phytozome and qRT-PCR analyze showed that the expression of PvMATEs in common bean are tissue specificity, with the most in root. Furthermore, 75 mM NaCl, 75 mM CuCl2, 0.35uM HgCl2, 16uM CdCl2, 4.38uM Benzoc-phenanthrene (C18H12) and 10 % PEG6000 treatments significantly up-regulated the expression levels of some PvMATEs in common bean roots, indicating that these genes are involved in multiple abiotic stresses respond of common bean. Taken together, these observations enriched our knowledge of MATE family in the common bean and benefit for breeding improved cultivars.
Uganda's lactating mothers are vulnerable to deficiencies of vitamin A and iron because they consume plant‐based conventional foods such as white‐fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and non‐iron biofortified ...common bean (NIBCB) that are low in provitamin A (PVA) and iron, respectively. A PVA carotenoid–iron‐rich dish was prepared from a combination of orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and iron‐biofortified common bean (IBCB). This study evaluated the perceptions and sensory acceptability of OFSP+IBCB (test food) against WFSP+NIBCB (control food) among lactating mothers in rural Uganda. A total of 94 lactating mothers participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, color, aroma, texture, and general acceptability) of test and control foods were rated using a five‐point facial hedonic scale (1 = dislike very much, 2 = dislike, 3 = neutral, 4 = like 5 = like very much). An attribute was acceptable if the participant scored from like to like very much. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess participant perceptions about their future consumption of OFSP+IBCB. The chi‐square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB, while FGD data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Taste, color, and aroma were acceptable to the mothers and not significantly different between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB (p > .05). Participants had positive perceptions of the taste, aroma, and color of the OFSP+IBCB and negative perceptions about the soft texture of OFSP. The lactating mothers had positive perceptions of consuming OFSP+IBCB provided they were accessible, affordable, and feasible to prepare.
A provitamin A carotenoid–iron‐rich composite dish prepared from iron‐biofortified common bean and orange‐fleshed sweet potato is acceptable among lactating mothers in rural Uganda. A figure that best represents the scope of the paper. The image supplied should fit within the dimensions of 50 mm x 60 mm, and be fully legible at this size.
Common bean is an ancient grain legume crop that has been cultivated in various parts of the world by humankind for centuries. The seeds of this crop contain valuable source of protein, minerals, and ...vitamins. It has recently gained attention as a functional food due to its potential for preventing human diseases and providing health benefits. Therefore, plant breeders are globally aimed for nutritional development to mitigate mineral deficiencies in developed and developing countries. In this study, the genotypes and cultivars were investigated in relation to the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in four different field experiments at the Bolu and Ankara of Turkey. The field experiments were conducted in the years 2018 and 2019 at the Bolu location and in the years 2019 and 2020 at the Ankara location. Genotype × environment interaction was determined statistically significant (P < 0.01) in all mineral traits according to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Across all locations, the correlation analysis revealed positive associations between calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (r = 0.793 **), as well as between iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) (r = 0.301 **). A total of 89.78% of cumulative variances in mineral traits were explained by the eigenvalues of the four principal components (PC). In the biplot analysis, the length and direction of the Ca, Mg and potassium (K) vectors in PC1 and Fe, and Zn vectors in PC2 effectively distinguished the genotypes. Across all locations, the Blck-7 genotype had high iron (93.76 mg kg−1) and zinc (25.40 mg kg−1) content. The Çnk-4 genotype was found as stable for all mineral traits in locations. Findings revealed that the utilization of the Çnk-4 and Blck-7 genotypes could significantly contribute to the improvement of dietary nutritional quality and positively impact human health. These genotypes also could be utilized as a parent to further biofortification studies to enhance the nutritional traits of common bean seeds.
•The genotypes/cultivars were evaluated for mineral traits in different environments.•All mineral contents were significantly influenced by genotype x environment (GEI).•Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) contents revealed a positive correlation.•Blck-7 and Çnk-4 genotypes could improve the nutritional quality of common bean seed.
This paper reports the role of exogenous glycine betaine (25 and 50 mM GB at a rate of 50 mL per plant) in enhancing NaCl-stress tolerance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Irrigating plants by ...simulated saline water, containing 0, 50 and 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), significantly reduced the growth dynamics, photosynthetic pigments (i.e., Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids), membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), and pod yield. While, malondialdehyde (MDA), endogenous proline, and glutathione contents, electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant defense system, and Na+ accumulation markedly increased upon exposure to NaCl-stress. However, the application of exogenous GB significantly improved salt tolerance of common bean as it increased the antioxidant defense including both enzymatic (i.e., peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and nonenzymatic (i.e., proline and glutathione) agents. Consequently, MSI, RWC, EL, and photosynthetic pigments have been improved recording significantly higher values than the control. Moreover, the pod yield increased by 29.8 and 59.4% when plants grown under 50 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively, were sprayed with 25 mM GB. Our results show that GB-induced slat tolerance in common bean plants mainly depends on the osmoregulation effect of GB and to a lesser extent on its antioxidant capacity. Foliar application of GB significantly reduced the accumulation of Na+ and at the same time induced K+ uptake maintaining a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Despite some changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes induced by the application of GB, no consistent contribution in the salt tolerance could be cited in this study. Therefore, we suggest that salt tolerance is largely unrelated to the antioxidant defense ability of GB in common bean. While the potential role of GB in ameliorating salt tolerance is mainly due to the adjustment of ions uptake through limiting Na+ uptake and alternatively increasing K+ accumulation in plant tissues.
•NaCl stress adversely affects the growth and development of common bean.•NaCl stress reduces RWC, MSI, photosynthetic pigments, and yield.•NaCl stress increased activity of CAT, POD, and SOD and proline and glutathione content.•Foliar application of glycine betaine induces salt tolerance through osmoregulation and antioxidant defense properties.•Glycine betaine mainly limits Na+ uptake and alternatively increases K+ accumulation.
PDF
