Objective
Scholars disagree on whether income inequality has incentive or disincentive effects. In the present research, we move beyond such debate and focus on the motivational processes that income ...inequality predicts. First, income inequality makes economic stratification salient; therefore, it should promote perceived competitiveness. Second, competitiveness can be appraised as both a challenge and a threat; therefore, it should promote both approach and avoidance motivation.
Method
In three studies (N = 2,543), U.S. residents from various ZIP codes reported the extent to which they perceived competitiveness in their town/city (Studies 1–3), as well as their economic achievement goals, achievement motives, and self‐regulatory foci (Studies 2–3).
Results
Level of local income inequality was found to be a positive predictor—via increased perceived competitiveness—of other‐approach economic goals, need for achievement, and promotion focus, as well as other‐avoidance economic goals, fear of failure (specifically, the shame/embarrassment component), and prevention focus. Furthermore, actual and perceived income inequality were positively correlated.
Conclusions
The conceptual and empirical work herein is the first to show how the economic environment predicts individuals’ perceptions of competitiveness, influencing personal goals, motives, and orientations. It provides a more nuanced perspective on the implications of income inequality than perspectives currently available.
This study analyzes the work performance of salespeople with a competitive disposition. The results show a positive link between dispositional competitiveness and discretionary performance, and ...suggest that salespeople's affective commitment to their organization mediates this link. The relationship between dispositional competitiveness and affective commitment is more positive when salespeople perceive their psychological work climate to be competitive. The findings add to the research on dispositional competitiveness and affective commitment among sales staff.
Skills for disruptive digital business Sousa, Maria José; Rocha, Álvaro
Journal of business research,
January 2019, 2019-01-00, Letnik:
94
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article analyses the concept of skills and also investigates the skills needed to create and manage disruptive digital business which is emerging from the IT evolution. The primary purpose is to ...identify skills which need to be developed to manage a disruptive digital business.
The technologies, disruptive business and the skills needed by managers were identified through content analysis of semi-structured interviews with seven IT specialists. To analyze the development of the level of skills needed was conducted an online survey with managers and the final output of the research is a proposal of a model of skills` development for managers of the disruptive business.
Ultimately, the result of this research are the lessons uncovered and the proposal made for a model of skills development for disruptive business managers, which identifies three types/categories of skills needing development – innovation, leadership, and management.
Regional competitiveness is considered a key factor of development. In this work, with the aim of analysing the main drivers of the competitiveness, a Regression Tree analysis has been performed for ...the Eurostat Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) as response variable by taking the 74 basic indicators used in the 2019 RCI edition as explanatory variables. Being a non-parametric method, suitable for the analysis of large data sets via a recursive partitioning procedure, the Regression Tree allowed to identify (a) the 12 most influential indicators, out of the initial 74, for the overall 2019 RCI, and (b) a classification of the 268 European regions into 15 homogeneous groups. Interestingly, the groups are ranked by their predicted RCI values which correspond to the mean observed RCI values within the groups themselves. The almost perfect correlation between the Eurostat RCI and the predicted RCI within groups confirms the key role of the 12 selected indicators as determinants of the 2019 RCI. These evidences could help policy makers to address their strategies towards focused objectives in line with the specific needs of the territories, characterized by an intrinsic heterogeneity and complexity.
Debates about competitiveness and productivity are practically unexplored with respect to tourism. This article posits a productivity-related measure—total tourism contribution to GDP per employee in ...tourism—in order to examine destination competiveness. Comprehensive results based on a destination competitiveness model are obtained by analyzing tourism-specific and wider economy-based competitiveness factors. These are represented by six destination competitiveness factors measured by 55 indicators for 139 destinations over the period 2007–2011. Study findings demonstrate that tourism-specific factors, such as Tourism Infrastructure and Destination Management, are the major competitiveness drivers in developing countries, while destination competitiveness in developed countries depends on the tourism-specific factor of Destination Management as well as on wider economic conditions such as General Infrastructure, Macro-Environment, and Business Environment. The study offers a novel approach in the operationalization and estimation of a theoretically grounded and empirically validated tourism competitiveness model and discusses the implications for tourism policy.
El propóleos ha despertado el interés de los científicos y la sociedad a nivel mundial debido a su potente actividad biológica desde el punto de vista terapéutico y nutricional. La actividad apícola ...cubana muestra grandes potencialidades para mejorar su posición en el comercio mundial, por lo que la actualización de la cadena de valor del propóleos se hace necesaria. Como respuesta, el Centro de Investigaciones Apícolas deriva como uno de los principales responsables de la vigilancia tecnológica. El objetivo del presente trabajo radica en resaltar la aplicación de la vigilancia tecnológica por parte de este centro en el proceso de recolección de la cadena de valor del propóleos a través de la observación, detección y análisis de su entorno tecnológico cultural. Se pudieron identificar debilidades y riesgos en la articulación de la cadena. El análisis permitió una nueva proyección para la mejora y desarrollo de la producción del propóleos que suscite su competitividad dentro del mercado.
The monitoring report on progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a global context involves a large number of actors as it represents probably the biggest change that our society ...is implementing. Actions at all levels, from local, regional and national to the aggregation of multiple countries (e.g. EU 27) are needed to achieve a sustainable future. This work focuses on a national perspective (Italy) where multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is used to measure current performance. A sustainability score for each region is calculated from a set of 175 indicators contained in all 17 SDGs. Additionally, sustainability scores are disaggregated along the three pillars - social (1-5, 10, 16, and 17), environmental (6, 13-15) and economic (7-9, 11, and 12). The results highlight the positive performance of northern regions and, in particular, of Trentino Alto Adige, which ranks first in the two considered scenarios. In addition, the relevance of territorial specificities emerges for which the analysis of individual SDGs shows different leading regions. It is noteworthy to highlight the performance of the environmental sub-group of SDGs in southern regions, in contrast to the social and economic sub-groups. Evidently, policy actions are needed to reduce the long-lasting North/South divide-yet the highlighted heterogeneous sustainability performance along the three dimensions calls for well targeted policy measures necessary to regain competitiveness at a European and global level, without compromising with environmental sustainability.
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