Among the widely accepted myths about the shape of modern society is the idea that a new “postindustrial” order is emerging in which intellectuals, scientists, managers, and experts in command of ...theoretical knowledge dominate the political system, while service occupations (the “tertiary sector”) dominate employment and production, and “postmaterialist” values dominate the culture.¹ In other words, a vanguard of educated people, occupied in “health, education, research, and government” (Bell, 1973, p. 15), is already decisive in every modern political economy, and it is the carrier of the “cultural revolution.” Older issues are giving way to newer issues, in a major
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, basierend auf einer vergleichenden Analyse der europäischen Erfahrungen der Modernisierung in der Mitte ...des 19. und im frühen 20. Jahrhundert die grundlegenden theoretischen Annahmen der Modernisierungstheorien und der Konvergenztheorien zu prüfen. Einleitend wird an die Erkenntnis erinnert, daß es nicht einen einzigartigen Weg der Modernisierung gibt. Im zweiten Abschnitt werden die historische Entwicklung der Modernisierungstheorie und die Bedeutung von T. Parsons für die Entwicklung skizziert. Die seit Anfang, aber hauptsächlich seit Mitte der 60er Jahre beginnende weitreichende Kritik an den Annahmen der frühen Modernisierungstheorien sind Gegenstand des folgenden Abschnitts: Die Hauptkritikpunkte waren Ahistorizität und Eurozentrismus. Die aus diesen Entwicklungen (sowohl der Theorie wie auch der Realität) hervorgehende Erkenntnis wird im vierten Abschnitt beschrieben: Es ist die Möglichkeit einer neuen Perspektive des historischen Prozesses im allgemeinen und des Modernisierungsprozesses im speziellen. Dabei wird ein Bereich besonders erörtert: das Wesen der Tradition und ihr Ort im sozialen Leben. Während diese neue Sichtweise bislang nur auf nicht-westliche Gesellschaften angewandt wurde, wird sie im fünften Abschnitt auf westliche Gesellschaften bezogen. Ansatzpunkt ist die Analyse der spezifischen Kombination von kulturellen Orientierungen und strukturellen Charakteristika der westeuropäischen Gesellschaften. Diese Analyse kommt zu dem Schluß: Im modernen Europa entwickelte sich der Versuch einer rationalen Kultur, effizienten Ökonomie, zivilen Klassengesellschaft und eines Nationalstaats. Im folgenden Abschnitt werden die Voraussetzungen dafür skizziert, um anschließend an diese für alle europäischen Gesellschaften gültigen Merkmale die Variationen zu nennen. Abschließend wird auf die Unterschiede zwischen den USA (und anderen ehemaligen Kolonien) und den westeuropäischen Ländern eingegangen, um sie in den Rahmen einer vergleichenden Analyse einzubinden. (RW)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Second-order cone linear complementarity problems (SOCLCPs) have wide applications in real world, and the latest modulus method is proved to be an efficient solver. Here, inspired by the ...state-of-the-art modulus method and Anderson acceleration (AA), we construct the Anderson accelerating preconditioned modulus (AA+PMS) approach. Theoretically, in the first stage, we utilize the Fr
e
́
chet-differentiability of the absolute value function in Jordan algebra to explore its new properties. On this basis, we establish the convergence theory for the PMS approach different from the previous analysis, and further discuss the selection strategy of parameters involved. In the second stage, we demonstrate the strong semi-smoothness of the absolute value function in Jordan algebra and, thus, establish the local convergence theory for the AA+PMS approach. Finally, we conduct rich numerical experiments with application to some well-structured examples, the second-order cone programming, the Signorini problem of the Laplacian and the three-dimensional frictional contact problem to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the AA+PMS approach.
In‐store shopping experience in China and France Ling Xu‐Priour, Dong; Cliquet, Gérard
International journal of retail & distribution management,
01/2013, Letnik:
41, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypotheses about whether the effects of consumer enjoyment shopping experience, derived from seven aspects of recreational shopping (i.e. social ...aspects of retail environment, service quality, browsing, bargain hunting, social interaction, enduring involvement and brand experience) on consumer attitude towards stores channels are comparable between France and Chinese cosmetic shoppers.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this objective, a questionnaire of 500 French and 480 Chinese working females were conducted. Both the convergence and habituation theories were applied.
Findings
Results of the multiple regression analysis support the above assumptions and suggest that customer enjoyment shopping experience and its relation with consumer attitudes towards store channels in China tends to be more in line with those in developed countries.
Research limitations/implications
The findings presented are the views of women's in‐store enjoyment shopping experiences in two cities in French and Chinese cosmetic markets. To ensure the generalizability of the findings, other products, consumer groups and regions (i.e. Indian etc.) can be envisaged.
Practical implications
Multinational retailers and cosmetics vendors have to recognize these customer enjoyment shopping experiences in both retail settings. In particular in the Chinese retail market, to improve these experiences so as to achieve positive consumer attitude towards retail outlets and finally strike the deal in this numerous market.
Originality/value
This paper is the first to employ convergent and habituation theory to examine the stability or change of the aforesaid relation between China and France. Hence, it adds to international marketing theory concerning the usefulness of these growing important theories in explaining the comparability between developed countries and developing ones in relation between constructs.
This work aims to test the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (1)Kaldor (1966), for the five Portuguese regions (NUTS II), from 1986 to 1994. It is intended to test, yet in this ...work, the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975) about the Verdoorn's Law for the same regions and period. The results of this study are about each one of the manufactured industries operating in the Portuguese regions. The aim of this paper is, also, to present a further contribution to the analysis of absolute convergence, associated with the neoclassical theory, of the manufactured industry productivity at regional level and for the period from 1986 to 1994.
The aim of this paper is to present a further contribution to the analysis of absolute convergence, associated with the neoclassical theory, of the manufactured industry productivity at regional ...level and for the period from 1995 to 1999. This work aims, also, to test the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (1)Kaldor (1966), for the five Portuguese regions (NUTS II), from 1995 to 1999. It is intended to test, yet in this work, the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975) about the Verdoorn's Law for the same regions and period.
The aim of this paper is to present a further contribution to the analysis of absolute convergence, associated with the neoclassical theory, of the manufactured industry productivity at regional ...level and for the periods from 1986 to 1994 and from 1995 to 1999. The main conclusions that should be noted is which the signs of convergence different between the several manufactured industries.
This work aims to compare the Keynesian theory, namely by the Verdoorn Law, the neoclassical theory, by the absolute convergence, and the geographic concentration, by the Rybczynski equation, ...explanations about the different manufactured industry of the Portuguese regions (NUTs II), for the period 1986-1994. The Verdoorn Law, is tested with the alternative specifications of Kaldor (1966. The absolute convergence is tested for the productivity. To analyze the geographic concentration, with Rybczynski equation, is tested the importance which the natural advantages and local resources are in the manufacturing industry location, in relation with the "spillovers" effects and industrial policies.
This work aims to test the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (1)Kaldor (1966), for the five Portuguese regions (NUTS II), from 1986 to 1994. It is intended to test, yet in this ...work, the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975) about the Verdoorn's Law for the same regions and period. The results of this study are about each one of the manufactured industries operating in the Portuguese regions. The aim of this paper is, also, to present a further contribution to the analysis of absolute convergence, associated with the neoclassical theory, of the manufactured industry productivity at regional level and for the period from 1986 to 1994. This paper pretends, yet, to analyze the importance which the natural advantages and local resources are in the manufacturing industry location, in relation with the "spillovers" effects and industrial policies. To this, we estimate the Rybczynski equation matrix for the various manufacturing industries in Portugal, at regional level (NUTS II) and for the period 1986 to 1994.
The aim of this paper is to present a further contribution to the analysis of absolute convergence, associated with the neoclassical theory, of the manufactured industry productivity at regional ...level and for the period from 1995 to 1999 (1)(Martinho, 2011a). This work aims, also, to test the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (2)Kaldor (1966), for the five Portuguese regions (NUTS II), from 1995 to 1999. It is intended to test, yet in this work, the alternative interpretation of (3)Rowthorn (1975) about the Verdoorn's Law for the same regions and period (4)(Martinho, 2011b). This paper pretends, yet, to analyze the importance which the natural advantages and local resources are in the manufacturing industry location, in relation with the "spillovers" effects and industrial policies. To this, we estimate the Rybczynski equation matrix for the various manufacturing industries in Portugal, at regional level (NUTS II) and for the period 1995 to 1999 (5)(Martinho, 2011c).
