It seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Despite numerous coping conceptualization proposals, there is ...no agreement as to the core coping categories. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the tradition of circumplex models in psychology. The model is based on the assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion coping dimension. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar dimensions. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping categories. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance, and hedonic disengagement. The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the set of coping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode; (b) providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs; (c) enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation; (d) explaining relationships between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapy, exposure therapy); (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies and situation controllability. Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship between coping and emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression).
Los cambios en el sistema educativo de Ecuador han contribuido a un aumento de la sobrecarga de trabajo de los docentes universitarios produciendo estres y burnout. Este estudio analiza la relacion ...entre la sobrecarga de trabajo, los estilos de afrontamiento y el agotamiento emocional en una muestra de 202 profesores universitarios mediante modelos de regresion jerarquica. Los resultados muestran que la sobrecarga de trabajo y el afrontamiento evasivo estan positivamente relacionados con el agotamiento mientras que el afrontamiento activo esta relacionado negativamente. Ademas, el afrontamiento evasivo modula la relacion entre la sobrecarga y el agotamiento de forma que los docentes que emplean mucho afrontamiento evasivo en situaciones de elevada sobrecarga experimentan menos agotamiento. Finalmente se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y sus implicaciones teoricas y practicas para los docentes universitarios en contextos latinoamericanos. Palabras clave sobrecarga laboral; agotamiento emocional; afrontamiento activo; afrontamiento evasivo; docentes universitarios. Changes in the education system in Ecuador have increased the workload of university teachers, producing stress and burnout. This study analyses the relation between work overload, coping styles and emotional exhaustion in a sample of 202 university teachers by using a hierarchical regression model analysis. The results show that work overload and evasive coping are positively related to emotional exhaustion, while active coping is negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Evasive coping moderated the relationship between work overload and emotional exhaustion so that teachers who use more evasive coping in situations of high work overload experience less burnout than teachers who use this coping style less. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this study and its theoretical and practical contributions for university professors in Latin American contexts. Keywords work overload; emotional exhaustion; active coping; evasive coping; university teachers.
Embora o índice de envelhecimento da população mundial venha crescendo, isso não implica, necessariamente, longevidade saudável. Estudos que apontem as variáveis que interferem nos resultados em ...saúde de idosos são relevantes nesse contexto. Com base nos referenciais da Psicologia da Religião sobre envelhecimento e sobre coping espiritual/religioso, foi empreendido um estudo junto a idosos hospitalizados com o objetivo de evidenciar o funcionamento da espiritualidade/religiosidade (E/R) nesse contexto de saúde ameaçada. A metodologia utilizada foi de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, de corte transversal. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Escala Breve de Coping Espiritual/Religioso (CER), Escala da Centralidade da Religiosidade, e Questionário para levantamento dos dados sociodemográficos. Participaram do estudo 51 idosos, com média de idade de 71,76 anos, baixa renda econômica (86,3%), predominantemente católicos (68,6%); seguidos dos Evangélicos (23,5%). Os idosos são altamente religiosos (m= 4,3) e 80,4% fazem utilização alta/altíssima de CER Positivo. A despeito da relevância da E/R, 87,3% deles nunca foram abordados sobre questões ligadas à E/R e 41,2% afirmam que gostariam de ter sido. Os resultados confirmam as teorias sobre o papel da E/R nessa fase da vida e indica ser esta uma dimensão relevante a ser integrada na terapêutica por toda a equipe de saúde. Embora o índice de envelhecimento da população mundial venha crescendo, isso não implica, necessariamente, longevidade saudável. Estudos que apontem as variáveis que interferem nos resultados em saúde de idosos são relevantes nesse contexto. Com base nos referenciais da Psicologia da Religião sobre envelhecimento e sobre coping espiritual/religioso, foi empreendido um estudo junto a idosos hospitalizados com o objetivo de evidenciar o funcionamento da espiritualidade/religiosidade (E/R) nesse contexto de saúde ameaçada. A metodologia utilizada foi de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, de corte transversal. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Escala Breve de Coping Espiritual/Religioso (CER), Escala da Centralidade da Religiosidade, e Questionário para levantamento dos dados sociodemográficos. Participaram do estudo 51 idosos, com média de idade de 71,76 anos, baixa renda econômica (86,3%), predominantemente católicos (68,6%); seguidos dos Evangélicos (23,5%). Os idosos são altamente religiosos (m= 4,3) e 80,4% fazem utilização alta/altíssima de CER Positivo. A despeito da relevância da E/R, 87,3% deles nunca foram abordados sobre questões ligadas à E/R e 41,2% afirmam que gostariam de ter sido. Os resultados confirmam as teorias sobre o papel da E/R nessa fase da vida e indica ser esta uma dimensão relevante a ser integrada na terapêutica por toda a equipe de saúde.
This collection of essays explores cultural narratives of care in the contexts of ageing and illness. It includes both text-based and practice-based contributions by leading and emerging scholars in ...humanistic studies of ageing. They consider care not only in film (feature and documentary) and literature (novel, short story, children’s picturebook) but also in the fields of theatre performance, photography and music. The collection has a broad geographical scope with case studies and primary texts from Europe and North America but also from Hong Kong, Japan, Australia, Argentina and Mexico. The volume asks what care, autonomy and dependence may mean and how these may be inflected by social and cultural specificities. Ultimately, it invites us to reflect on our relations to others as we face the global and local challenges of both the pandemic and ageing societies.
A burgeoning body of cultural coping research has begun to identify the prevalence and the functional importance of collective coping behaviors among culturally diverse populations in North America ...and internationally. These emerging findings are highly significant as they evidence culture's impacts on the stress‐coping process via collectivistic values and orientation. They provide a critical counterpoint to the prevailing Western, individualistic stress and coping paradigm. However, current research and understanding about collective coping appear to be piecemeal and not well integrated. To address this issue, this review attempts to comprehensively survey, summarize, and evaluate existing research related to collective coping and its implications for coping research with culturally diverse populations from multiple domains. Specifically, this paper reviews relevant research and knowledge on collective coping in terms of: (a) operational definitions; (b) theories; (c) empirical evidence based on studies of specific cultural groups and broad cultural values/dimensions; (d) measurements; and (e) implications for future cultural coping research. Overall, collective coping behaviors are conceived as a product of the communal/relational norms and values of a cultural group across studies. They also encompass a wide array of stress responses ranging from value‐driven to interpersonally based to culturally conditioned emotional/cognitive to religion‐ and spirituality‐grounded coping strategies. In addition, this review highlights: (a) the relevance and the potential of cultural coping theories to guide future collective coping research; (b) growing evidence for the prominence of collective coping behaviors particularly among Asian nationals, Asian Americans/Canadians and African Americans/Canadians; (c) preference for collective coping behaviors as a function of collectivism and interdependent cultural value and orientation; and (d) six cultural coping scales. This study brings to light the present theoretical and methodological contributions as well as limitations of this body of literature and the implications it holds for future coping research.
Une quantité croissante d’études sur le coping culturel a commencé à identifier la prévalence et l'importance fonctionnelle des comportements de coping collectif parmi des populations culturellement diversifiées, tant en Amérique du Nord qu'ailleurs dans le monde. Ces nouvelles données sont grandement significatives puisqu'elles font ressortir les impacts de la culture sur le processus stress‐coping à partir des valeurs et de l'orientation collectivistes. Elles fournissent un contrepoint critique au paradigme individualiste de stress et de coping prévalant en Occident. Cependant, la recherche et la compréhension actuelles concernant le coping collectif semblent manquer d'organisation systématique et d'intégration. Dans l'optique de mettre de l'ordre dans les données, cette revue tente d'inspecter, de résumer et d’évaluer globalement la recherche existante portant sur le coping collectif et ses implications pour les études réalisées auprès de populations culturellement diversifiées et dans des domaines multiples. Spécifiquement, cet article fait une recension des résultats de recherche et des connaissances pertinents portant sur le coping collectif en termes de: a) définitions opérationnelles; b) théories; c) preuves empiriques basées sur des études portant sur des groupes culturels spécifiques et sur des valeurs/dimensions culturelles générales et d) mesures. Globalement, à travers les études, les comportements de coping collectif sont conçus comme un produit des normes et valeurs communautaires/relationnelles d'un groupe culturel. Ils contiennent aussi un large éventail de réponses face au stress, allant des stratégies de coping poussées par les valeurs, à celles qui sont basées sur des dimensions interpersonnelles, à celles qui sont conditionnées culturellement par des dimensions émotionnelles/cognitives, à celles qui sont ancrées dans la religion et la spiritualité. De plus, cette recension révèle: a) la pertinence et le potentiel des théories de coping culturel pour guider la recherche future sur le coping collectif; b) l’évidence grandissante de la proéminence des comportements de coping collectif, particulièrement parmi les nations asiatiques, les Américains/Canadiens Asiatiques et les Américains/Canadiens Africains; c) la préférence pour les comportements de coping collectif en tant que fonction du collectivisme et fonction des valeurs et de l'orientation culturelles interdépendantes et d) les six échelles de coping culturel. Le présent article met en lumière les contributions théoriques et méthodologiques actuelles tout comme les limites de ce champ d’étude et les implications pour la recherche future sur le coping.
El creciente cuerpo de investigación del afrontamiento cultural ha comenzado a identificar la prevalencia y la importancia funcional de las conductas de afrontamiento colectivo en poblaciones culturalmente diversas tanto en América del Norte como internacionalmente. Estos emergentes hallazgos son muy importantes, ya que evidencian el impacto de la cultura sobre el proceso de afrontamiento del estrés a través de la orientación y los valores colectivistas. Proveen un contrapunto crítico al paradigma vigente, occidental e individualista, del estrés y afrontamiento. Sin embargo, la investigación y entendimiento actual del afrontamiento colectivo parece estar fragmentado y no muy bien integrado. Para abordar esta problemática, esta reseña intenta estudiar, resumir y evaluar de manera exhaustiva las investigaciones existentes relacionadas con el afrontamiento colectiva y sus implicaciones para el estudio del afrontamiento en poblaciones culturalmente diversas de distintas áreas. Más específicamente, este artículo examina las investigaciones y el conocimiento relevante para el afrontamiento colectivo en términos de: a) definiciones operacionales, b) teorías; c) evidencia empírica basada en estudios de grupos culturales específicos y valores/dimensiones culturales generales y d) instrumentos de medición. En general, a través de los distintos estudios, las conductas de afrontamiento colectivo se conciben como un producto de normas relacionales y comunitarias y de los valores del grupo cultural. También abarcan una amplia gama de respuestas al estrés que van desde aquellas motivadas por los valores, las basadas en las relaciones interpersonales, las respuestas emocionales/cognitivas condicionadas culturalmente, hasta las estrategias de afrontamiento fundadas en la religión y la espiritualidad. Además, esta reseña destaca: a) la relevancia y el potencial del afrontamiento cultural en la dirección de las investigaciones futuras acerca del afrontamiento colectivo, b) la creciente evidencia de la preponderancia de las conductas de afrontamiento colectivo, especialmente entre ciudadanos asiáticos, estadounidenses o canadienses de origen asiático y afroamericanos o afrocanadienses, c) la preferencia por conductas de afrontamiento colectivo en función de la orientación y los valores culturales de colectivismo e interdependencia, y d) seis escalas de afrontamiento cultural. El presente artículo saca a relucir las contribuciones teóricas y metodológicas actuales, como así también las limitaciones de este cuerpo teórico y las implicaciones significativas que conlleva para el futuro de la investigación del afrontamiento.
This is a research on violence according to youngsters' perspective as well as on the strategies they find to handle their local context, located in Timon-MA, an area of social vulnerability. ...Ethnographic practice was used for the production of meanings, by means of field mapping, establishing links and relations with groups of teenagers; those who had more contact were the informants of the research. This research took a month and aimed to investigate in both singular and subjective ways the reality of the environment in which the youngsters were and the circumstances that this context implied. For the analysis of the collected data, Michel de Certeau's common or ordinary practices were adopted as a model; these practices are strategies or tactics that shape everyday life. Waiselfisz and Cerqueira et al.'s statistical data on violence as well as Abramovay et al.'s studies on the situation of vulnerability in the social context contributed to this analysis. By considering these practices as products from the socially imposed order, the youngsters revealed in the research a re-appropriation of everyday life through new ways of doing, opening space for a new art of living in the contemporary work. O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa realizada a respeito da violência na perspectiva de jovens bem como as maneiras que encontram para lidar com o contexto local, visto que a área está localizada no município de Timon-MA, uma zona de vulnerabilidade social. Para a produção de sentidos foi utilizada a prática da etnografia por meio do mapeamento do campo, estabelecendo vínculos e relações com os grupos de adolescentes, e dentre alguns os que tiveram maior contato foram os informantes da pesquisa. Esta foi elaborada no período de um mês, a fim de investigar de maneira singular e subjetiva a realidade do ambiente que os jovens estavam inseridos e as circunstâncias que nele estão implicadas. Para a análise das informações produzidas, foram adotadas como modelo as práticas comuns ou ordinárias de Michel de Certeau que se constituem em estratégias ou táticas que moldam a vida cotidiana. Somadas a essas informações, contribuem na análise os dados estatísticos da violência a partir dos estudos de Waiselfisz e Cerqueira et al., bem como em relação à situação de vulnerabilidade no contexto social por Abramovay et al. Considerando essas práticas como produtos da ordem socialmente imposta, os jovens revelaram na pesquisa uma reapropriação do cotidiano através de novas maneiras de fazer, abrindo espaço para uma nova arte de viver no mundo contemporâneo. El presente artículo se trata de una investigación realizada sobre la violencia en la perspectiva de los jóvenes, así como las maneras que encuentran para lidiar con el contexto local, ya que el área está ubicada en el municipio de Timon-MA, una zona de vulnerabilidad social. Para la producción de sentidos se utilizó la práctica de la etnografía por medio del mapeo del campo, estableciendo vínculos y relaciones con los grupos de adolescentes, y entre algunos los que tuvieron mayor contacto fueron los informantes de la investigación. Ésta fue elaborada en el período de un mes, a fin de investigar de manera singular y subjetiva la realidad del ambiente que los jóvenes estaban insertos y las circunstancias que en él están implicadas. Para el análisis de las informaciones producidas, se adoptaron como modelo las prácticas comunes u ordinarias de Michel de Certeau que se constituyen en estrategias o tácticas que moldean la vida cotidiana. En el análisis de los datos estadísticos de la violencia a partir de los estudios de Waiselfisz y Cerqueira et al., así como en relación a la situación de vulnerabilidad en el contexto social por Abramovay et al. Considerando estas prácticas como productos del orden socialmente impuesto, los jóvenes revelaron en la investigación una reapropiación de lo cotidiano a través de nuevas maneras de hacer, abriendo espacio para un nuevo arte de vivir en el mundo contemporáneo.
In this study, we aimed to explain the interplay mechanism between stress, life satisfaction, and coping styles among university students. A cohort study was performed during the first (wave 1; W1) ...and second (wave 2; W2) waves of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The total sample included 231 university students, of which 59.31% were women. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were included in one online survey. Stress, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping styles increased from W1 to W2 of the COVID-19 pandemic, while life satisfaction and task-oriented coping decreased. The partial mediation effect of all three coping styles during W1 and W2 (in a cross-sectional approach) on the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction was confirmed in this study. The task-oriented and emotion-oriented coping styles can play a mediating role in the reciprocal relationship between life satisfaction and perceived stress during W1 and W2 of the pandemic. There were no mutual interactions between stress and life satisfaction from a longitudinal approach. Coping styles changed subsequently due to stressful environmental changes related to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a wide range of coping strategies from which to choose during an unstable situation should help manage stress and well-being.
Saliendo Adelante Gilbert, Paul A; Barrington, Clare; Rhodes, Scott D ...
American journal of men's health,
11/2016, Letnik:
10, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) are marginalized along multiple dimensions (e.g., ethnicity, sexual orientation, language use), which can negatively affect their health and ...well-being. As little is known about how this subgroup experiences the stress of marginalization and how, in turn, they cope with such stress, this study investigated stressors and coping strategies to better understand the factors shaping Latino MSM health. Assisted by a community advisory committee, we conducted in-depth interviews with 15 foreign-born Latino MSM in a nontraditional settlement state. Drawing on grounded theory methods, we analyzed transcripts iteratively to identify processes and characterize themes. Results were confirmed in member check interviews (n = 4) and findings were further contextualized through key informant interviews (n = 3). Participants reported ubiquitous, concurrent stressors due to being an immigrant, being a sexual minority, and being working poor. In particular, homophobia within families and local Latino communities was seen as pervasive. Some participants faced additional stressors due to being undocumented and not being Mexican. Participants drew on four types of coping strategies, with no dominant coping response: passive coping (i.e., not reacting to stressors); attempting to change stressors; seeking social support; and seeking distractions. Family ties, especially with mothers, provided key emotional support but could also generate stress related to participants’ sexuality. This study lays a foundation for future work and is particularly relevant for Latino MSM in nontraditional settlement states. Findings may inform future interventions to reduce stressors and increase resiliency, which can positively affect multiple health outcomes.
The ХХV Bulgarian Antarctic expedition on the Livingston isles, which included scientists and alpinists, began in November 2016. The aim of the present research is to study security need and ...sensation seeking and to find a relation with the participants’preferred coping strategies in highly risky activities in an extreme climatic and social environment. Subject of the study were 21 participants in the Antarctic expedition, mean age 27 and 70. We have used: Security need scale; Scale for assessment of Psychic Instability and Sensation Seeking Scale and the Bulgarian adaptation of Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale – COPE 1. Low levels of Security need are established. The leading subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale are those of sensation seeking, followed by dysfunctional impulsiveness. Functional impulsiveness is characterized with the lowest values. The cognitive engagement coping strategies are the main ones, whereas cognitive and emotional disengagement strategies are the least used. The results from the regression analysis show that the high levels of sensation seeking influence negatively the use of the strategic behavioral disengagement. The present study adds to the understanding the role of security need and sensation seeking being a motivational power of human behavior, which is in the base of the desire to participate in difficult and challenging missions in extreme conditions in highly risky activities.
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