The high costs of environmentally responsible and socially just approaches are some of the factors that hinder the implementation of sustainable projects in the industrial sector. However, upstream ...collaborative integration in the corrugated cardboard industry in southeastern Brazil is a reality. In this context, this study aimed to highlight the structure of a collaborative sustainable project in the context of the corrugated cardboard industry, to analyze ESG risk management in the corrugated cardboard industry in the Southeast Region of Brazil, the relationship between ESG risk management and social responsibility in corrugated cardboard industries, the strengths and weaknesses of risk management models in use by the consulted participants, and to propose innovations regarding risk analysis, applicable in sustainable projects with a collaborative bias. The methodology adopted was the case study, with consultation with managers in professional activity in the industrial sector, corroborated by document analysis and systematic review of the literature. We identified preliminary risk analysis (PRA) and failure mode analysis (FMEA) as key practices used by managers in the corrugated paper industry in the region. These practices are insufficient in the convergence of objectives, engagement with the community, and extension of the lifecycle of products and processes. Our findings show that the sustainability of a project may be an extension of the risk analyses carried out in the initial phase, mainly about strategic decision-making and the operationalization of investments. Without bias to the need for risk analysis, the life cycle analysis is also an effective way of highlighting the critical factors, weaknesses, and strengths of a sustainable project. The study indicates the so-called GUT matrix approach (gravity – urgency – tendency) as the most suitable for innovation in risk analyses oriented towards sustainable projects in the analyzed sector.
Understanding the response of solid combustibles under high radiant fluxes is critical in predicting the thermal damage from extreme scenarios. Unlike the more moderate radiant fluxes in conventional ...hydrocarbon fires, extreme events such as strong explosion, concentrated sunlight and directed energy can generate dynamic radiant fluxes at the MW/m2 level, creating a unique threat to materials. This study investigates the pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition behaviors of corrugated cardboard by using both experimental and numerical methods, under 10-cm dynamic high radiant fluxes ranging from 0.2 to 1.25 MW/m2 for 10 s. The spontaneous ignition process at dynamic high radiant fluxes was recorded and quantified. Two ignition modes were found at the critical radiant flux of 0.4 MW/m2, namely hot-gas spontaneous ignition and hot-residue piloted ignition. The latter is not the focus of this paper due to its extremely small probability of occurrence. The research reveals that the increase in flux intensity induces shorter delay times for both pyrolysis and ignition, lower ignition energy density, along with a corresponding rise in the critical mass flux and surface temperature at ignition moment. The simulation results are generally aligned with the experimental findings, despite some divergences may be attributed to model simplifications and parameter assumptions. The work contributes to a deeper insight into material behavior under extreme radiation, with valuable implications for fire safety and hazard assessment.
•Investigated the ignition behavior of corrugated cardboard under dynamic radiant fluxes of up to 1.25 MW/m2.•Identified two distinct ignition modes at a critical radiant flux of 0.4 MW/m2.•Emphasized the importance of gas-phase dynamics in extreme radiation ignition.•The alignment between experimental and simulation results enhances understanding of material response in extreme radiation scenarios, crucial for fire safety and hazard assessment.
Shear Test of Corrugated Board Florin Ionut Boaca; Sorin Cananau; Andrei Calin ...
Journal of Research and Innovation for Sustainable Society,
03/2024, Letnik:
6, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mechanical strength in the packaging industry poses a significant challenge for manufacturers, particularly in the case of corrugated cardboard boxes with their various designs and layers. In this ...context, this study focuses on evaluating the effects of tangential stresses on corrugated cardboard and its components. Using a specialized testing mechanism, controlled tangential forces are applied to cardboard samples, allowing for a deeper understanding of the material's behavior under different conditions. This empirical approach enables the identification of key variables influencing stress distribution and potential yield points in corrugated cardboard material. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient and reliable packaging solutions, thereby supporting the sustainability and economic viability of the packaging industry.
In the current European regulatory environment, there is a growing emphasis on the need to develop fourth range and dairy packaging materials. which are more environmentally sustainable. In response ...to this need, a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) was conducted to assess the suitability of replacing traditional polystyrene foam boxes and polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) trays with packaging made of corrugated cardboard and coated with bioplastic. Life cycle analysis shows that bioplastic coated cardboard packaging has a lower environmental impact, despite the impact of corn and sugar cane bioplastic production. In the case of dairy packaging, an improved disposal scenario or scenario has been considered, in particular in terms of recycling. In the second case, raw materials that are totally or partially recyclable were considered. For the cardboard tray, recyclability is 100%, while for PET and PP respectively 50% and 4%, due to insufficient recycling and decontamination processes. In this scenario, the impact of fossil plastics decreases substantially, although corrugated and bioplastic packaging is again the best choice. To confirm these results, a multi-criteria decision analysis (multi-criteria Decision Analysis) was conducted, which corroborated the conclusions obtained through life cycle analysis.
Mechanical design of corrugated packaging box Boaca, Florin Ionut; Cananau, Sorin; Prisecaru, Delia ...
Journal of Research and Innovation for Sustainable Society,
11/2021, Letnik:
3, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Without packaging, it would be very difficult to distribute consumer goods. The packaging protects the merchandise during shipment, informs the user about the product, extends the life of the ...product, and last but not least, it helps the economy and the recycling process, especially with the latest trend on being environmentally friendly. A packaging box should confer mechanical protection when manipulating the product, but also should be economically feasible when it comes to production costs. The packaging material that meets the above criteria is cellulose. “Packages made from corrugated cardboard are products made from renewable raw materials, which can be optimally integrated into production cycles”1. Design packaging takes into account factors like manipulation, shipping, distribution, and product marketing by using graphics and information printed on the package. As a result of this, packaging designers are looking for solutions that make the packaging life cycle optimal and feasible when taking into account factors like mechanical strength, chemical, climatic and biologic
The continuing development of industrialization and increasing population density has led to the emergence of noise as an increasingly common problem, requiring various types of sound absorption and ...insulation methods to address it. Meanwhile, the recycling of resources to ensure a sustainable future for the planet and mankind is also required. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of corrugated cardboard as a resource for noise reduction. The sound absorption and insulation performance of non-perforated corrugated cardboard (NPCC) were measured, and modified corrugated boards were fabricated by drilling holes either through the surface of the corrugated board alone or through the corrugated board in its entirety. The sound-absorption/insulation performance both of perforated corrugated cardboard (PCC) and perforated corrugated cardboard with multi-frequency resonators (PCCM) were measured using the transfer function method and the transmission matrix method. To determine the effectiveness of NPCC, PCC, and PCCM in noise reduction, the sound pressure level was analyzed by applying it to a home blender. The results showed PCCM’s sound absorption and insulation performance to be excellent. On the basis of these findings, we propose the use of PMMC as an eco-friendly noise-reduction material.
Corrugated cardboard covered with ethylene absorbers is an innovation that can be used to extend the shelf life of mango fruit to slow the loss of fruit quality. Mango fruits ‘Gedong’ were placed in ...boxes having as the inner parts corrugated cardboard covered with ethylene absorbers. Three storage treatments – corrugated cardboard without ethylene absorber, with activated carbon or activated carbon + potassium permanganate – were used to find the best method to prevent quality deterioration of mango. The color change, mass loss, texture value, and total soluble solids content were evaluated after 10 days of storage. The initial results showed that the highest accumulation of ethylene production by fruit samples was 0.628 ppm·kg
on the fourth day after harvest, while the total ethylene production during 8 days of storage was 2.231 ppm·kg
. The use of ethylene absorbers had significant effects on the quality parameters except for the color changes. Storage for 10 days in boxes lined with corrugated cardboard ethylene absorber in form of activated carbon + potassium permanganate resulted in the lowest mass loss (4.40 ± 2.6%), softness (0.2 ± 0.1 mm·g
·s
) and total soluble solids (14.7 ± 1.2 °Brix).
Efficient thermal insulating materials can significantly reduce energy consumption for both heating and cooling of buildings. When selecting an insulation material, however, it is important to ...consider other important aspects, such as acoustic performance, environmental impacts, effects on human health and costs of production. That is the reason why key research developments are recently achieved in the field of sustainable, highly efficient materials. Within this context, this paper deals with the thermal and acoustic performance and the environmental impact analysis of two kinds of corrugated multi-layer cardboard panels, usually applied in the packaging industry. Thermal analyses were conducted in order to measure the thermal conductivity by means of both an experimental campaign and numerical methods. The acoustic absorption coefficient and the transmission loss were experimentally determined by means of an impedance tube. Finally a Life Cycle Assessment of the considered panels was implemented and compared to the performance of other commonly used insulation materials. The main results of the study show that the cardboard-made panels usually applied for low-cost packaging present promising performance in terms of both acoustic and thermal insulation potential, i.e. of the same order of magnitude than high-performance commercialized products. The environmental impact evaluation also reveals an interesting behavior of the corrugated cardboard panels, which can by any means be considered as a promising recycled insulation material.
•Innovative insulating cardboard panels from the packaging industry are studied.•Analytical-numerical-experimental multi-physics characterization is performed.•Thermal conductivity performance show promising results (λ ∼ 0.05 W/mK).•Larger flute panels show good sound absorption and transmission loss capability.•LCA shows suitable results for the same larger flute panel vs. the market products.
Risk analysis (RA) contains several methodologies that object to ensure the protection and safety of occupational stakeholders. Multi attribute decision-making (MADM) is one of the most important RA ...methodologies that is applied to several areas from manufacturing to information technology. With the widespread use of computer networks and the Internet, information security has become very important. Information security is vital as institutions are mostly dependent on information, technology, and systems. This requires a comprehensive and effective implementation of information security RA. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) are commonly used MADM methods and recently used for RA. In this study, a new RA methodology is proposed based on AHP–TOPSIS integration extended with Pythagorean fuzzy sets. AHP strengthened by interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers is used to weigh risk parameters with expert judgment. Then, TOPSIS with Pythagorean fuzzy numbers is used to prioritize previously identified risks. A comparison of the proposed approach with three approaches (classical RA method, Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR and Pythagorean fuzzy MOORA) is also provided. To illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed approach, a case study for information security RA in corrugated cardboard sector is executed.
This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of sandwich beams made of green materials for both core and skin components. A unidirectional flax fabric and a partial bio-based epoxy were ...used to make fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) skins and three flute varieties of corrugated cardboards (known as B, C, and BC flutes) with the bulk densities of 170, 127, and 138 kg/m3 were used for the core, respectively. A total of 30 small-scale sandwich beam specimens were manufactured across six unique beam varieties with dimensions of 50 mm in width, 25 mm in depth, and 200 and 350 mm in length (150 mm and 300 mm spans) and tested under four-point bending up to failure. Two failure modes of transverse indentation for the short specimens and longitudinal crushing of the core and skin for the long specimens were observed. The load-deflection, load-strain, and moment-curvature behaviors were analyzed to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the sandwich beam specimens. C flute with the lowest bulk density and the highest availability in the market amongst all the three flutes exhibited the highest strength and stiffness for sandwich applications. Overall, the corrugated cardboard cores combining with the flax FRP skins may be considered as a viable, green option for the fabrication of large-scale structural sandwich panels for building applications.
•Sandwich beams made of green materials were tested under bending.•Corrugated cardboards and bio-based flax composite skins were used.•Strength and stiffness of the sandwich beams were evaluated.•An analytical model considering nonlinearity of skins was developed.•It was concluded that corrugated cardboards can be considered a viable core material.
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