Although some studies claim that tourism commercialization can promote the authentic experience and behaviour of tourists, there is a lack of empirical support. The main purpose of this study is to ...identify whether tourism commercialization can positively impact tourists’ perceived authenticity and tourist satisfaction in the context of cultural heritage tourism. We divide tourism authenticity into objective authenticity, constructive authenticity, existential authenticity and postmodern authenticity and propose a relationship model of tourism commercialization, the four authenticities, tourist satisfaction and loyalty. A survey was conducted in Langzhong Ancient City, a representative millennium-old county in China. A total of 618 valid domestic tourist questionnaires were collected. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) suitable for theory development was used for the conceptual model validation. The results indicate that tourism commercialization positively affects objective, constructive, existential and postmodern authenticity and tourist satisfaction; the four authenticities positively affect tourist satisfaction, while only objective and existential authenticity and tourist satisfaction positively affect tourist loyalty. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Through the case of intangible cultural heritage of Kalbeliya dance and songs of India, this paper argues that tourism can profoundly affect intangible heritage as well as its practitioners or ...bearers. In-depth interviews and observation were employed to collect data for this paper. Findings show that tourism has led to drastic changes in the aesthetic content of Kalbeliya performances as well as the context in which they are performed due to their increased production in commercial settings leading to their commodification. Kalbeliya performers, who should ideally act as active agents as heritage practitioners, are also marginalized culturally from their own performing traditions. Among positive consequences of tourism, results reveal limited economic benefits for Kalbeliya performers and their improved self-esteem as cultural custodians which has also remained limited to a few popular Kalbeliya performers.
La funzione dei musei diocesani va ben oltre la conservazione, valorizzazione e fruizione delle opere d'arte. Essi racchiudono in sé un insieme di valori estetici e morali che legano ...indissolubilmente il bene culturale alla devozione dei fedeli. L'articolo analizza la realtà dei musei diocesani sardi, approfondendo un'inedita scultura lignea di San Cristoforo del XV secolo nel Museo Diocesano di Cagliari.
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Strongly degraded cellulosic artworks usually need deacidification and consolidation. Alkaline nanoparticles are known to be effective in neutralizing the acidity, while cellulose ...nanocrystals have the potential to be used as compatible and effective strengthening agents.
We have grafted cellulose nanocrystals with oleic acid using a 1′1-carbonyldiimidazole-mediated procedure, to increase their dispersibility in organic solvents, and synthesized Ca(OH)2 or CaCO3 nanoparticles via a solvothermal process. Grafted nanocellulose and alkaline nanoparticles were used to prepare ethanol-based “hybrids”. Prior to the application, the physico-chemical properties of nanocellulose dispersions and “hybrids” were studied by rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering.
Cellulose nanocrystals were effectively grafted and stably dispersed in ethanol. It was shown that the use of ethanol as a dispersing medium, and the addition of alkaline nanoparticles act in a synergistic way, increasing the interactions between grafted cellulose nanocrystals, leading to the formation of clusters. These dispersions are thixotropic, a behavior particularly appealing to conservation purposes, since they can be applied in the liquid state, or, when a more confined application is required, they can be applied in a gel-like state. As a result of the application, an improvement in the mechanical properties of paper and an increase of pH were obtained.
The so-called “Alligatoring” paint deterioration phenomenon was investigated through the study of four samples from
O Cardeal D. Henrique recebendo a notícia da morte de D. Sebastião
, painted in ...1861 by the Portuguese painter Marciano Henriques da Silva. Attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging, complementary to scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were used to tackle the complexity of such paint systems and locate the distribution of organic/inorganic/hybrid components in the paint layers stratigraphy. While the use of asphalt/bitumen commonly associated with this peculiar paint deterioration was hypothesized, its presence could not be confirmed nor denied with the methodological approach proposed. However, specific chemical compounds and paint layer structures were identified, both related to strong drying issues of the paint system. Most specifically, the evidence of a stable lead azelate layer together with lead and aluminium carboxylates present in all paint layers, combined with a paint technique with numerous paint layer superimposed and an excess of oil in the paint system can be pointed out as clues in the understanding of the degradation mechanisms.
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The paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature that assesses various instrumental techniques applicability to investigate airborne particulate matters chemical composition inside museum ...environments. This study includes a range of techniques (XRF, SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, FTIR, Raman, GC-MS) and emphasizes the importance of utilizing matrix-matched reference materials for precise analysis. Each technique provides a valuable approach to understanding the chemical nature of airborne particles. XRF allows for fast determination of elemental composition, while SEM-EDS allows for observation of particle morphology and elemental detection. LA-ICP-MS facilitates the identification of major, minor, and trace elements present in collected samples. Both Raman spectroscopy and FTIR provide insight into the chemical compounds present. Identification of volatile compounds is achieved using GC-MS. This review presents a cohesive understanding of the diverse methodologies used to understand the multifaceted composition of airborne particulate matter in museum settings.
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•Growing awareness of the environment's influence on the museums collections.•Analysis of particulate matter (PM) in museums enables the identification of pollutants.•Assessment of PMs impact on artworks.•Development of strategies to protect cultural artefacts.
Since the discovery of the neutron in 1932 neutron beams have been used in a very broad range of applications, As an aging fleet of nuclear reactor sources is retired the use of compact ...accelerator-driven neutron sources (CANS) is becoming more prevalent. CANS are playing a significant and expanding role in research and development in science and engineering, as well as in education and training. In the realm of multidisciplinary applications, CANS offer opportunities over a wide range of technical utilization, from interrogation of civil structures to medical therapy to cultural heritage study. This paper aims to provide the first comprehensive overview of the history, current status of operation, and ongoing development of CANS worldwide. The basic physics and engineering regarding neutron production by accelerators, target–moderator systems, and beam line instrumentation are introduced, followed by an extensive discussion of various evolving applications currently exploited at CANS.
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