The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the agriculture sector, which has been abandoned by some people, most notably in certain cultural tourism zones of Bali. Balinese culture, ...which is inextricably linked to agricultural operations and in which agrarian culture adds its aspects to the community's everyday cultural activities, has enormous potential for future tourism expansion. However, certain resort zones in Bali have abandoned the agricultural sector, threatening food and culture. This occurrence has prompted concerns about whether the tourism economy's agriculture practices can continue to serve their roles. Could agriculture meet Balinese cultural and home needs in this tourism-based economy? In this case, the Balinese engage in agricultural undertakings and offer their agricultural produce to their ancestors and God. Conversely, people worship God by praying for a bountiful harvest with farm products. However, as a community, this agricultural activity has begun to decline, which is expected to limit future efforts to conserve the culture. Through field study and descriptive analysis, this paper seeks to investigate various agricultural and cultural potentials in a rural cultural environment as a tourist attraction while conserving agrarian culture to save the local culture. By juxtaposing agricultural, cultural, and tourism activities in a balanced manner, local communities will benefit not only economically, but also in efforts to preserve local culture.
Analysis of the Cultural Landscape Elements in the Municipality of Bistrița and Their Potential for Tourism Valorization. The study of the cultural landscape elements in the urban area of Bistrița ...determines clear tourist values that refer to the attractiveness of both natural elements and that of cultural ones. This study highlights the specific natural environment, the churches and other buildings that have a characteristic function, belonging to different historical periods, starting from the Middle Ages. All of these benefit from an appropriate infrastructure that favors tourist access and capitalization, currently to a modest extent, but which as a whole can constitute the basis of a new integrated development strategy of the city. Thus, the study reveals both the analysis of the elements with real tourist values, as well as the main objectives to be achieved for the subsequent development of the area. Keywords: Bistrița Municipality, cultural landscape elements, tourism potential, tourism valorization
A significant phenomenon of sacral complexes in a landscape is their cultural heritage dimension. They are part of historical landscape structures, representing a type of cultural landscape. In ...addition, they are often perceived as important landscape landmarks and symbols. In Slovakia (Central Europe), most such complexes are abandoned and deteriorated. In this context presented paper deals with the assessment and possible future human use of Calvary in Hliník nad Hronom (Slovakia) in order to preserve it for future generations. A central aspect of our research work presented in this contribution is to elaborate a sustainable and feasible concept for the Calvary following the integrated approach of its revitalization. Firstly, we analyzed Calvary´s historical and regional setting with the help of a thorough review of literature, historical maps, and pictures. Then we evaluated architectural, landscape, and vegetation values, as well as landscape structure changes using relevant methodologies. Based on this evaluation, much fieldwork, and social survey we were able to identify the current problems of the place connected with abandonment and use, evaluated values, socio-economic factors, and preservation policies. Subsequently, we prepared a future concept for the Calvary following the selected criteria and distinguishing features and looking at the Calvary as a result of collective work. Finally, recommendations were formulated for legal framework and spatial planning procedures in order to enforce better preservation of values of sacral complexes in the country.
Climate Sensitive Urban Design (CSUD) is a new paradigm in urban planning that is adaptive to climate change by adapting various elements that support the physical development. This study aims to ...determine the appropriate landscape design adjustment strategy in cultural landscape such as the Old Town Semarang. The data used are in the form of six CSUD components such as air temperature and thermal comfort, vegetation, shadows, materials, solar radiation, and frequency of regional activities. Data processing is carried out by simulating CSUD elements such as shadows, vegetation, and solar radiation using the Sunhour and Curic Sun menus in the Sketchup application. To determine the significant effect between test variables, the SPSS linear regression analysis method was used. The results obtained are several scenarios for the proper application of CSUD at four stations in the Old Town Semarang. The findings are in the form of the influence of the presence of vegetation and shadows of objects in minimizing heat stress. The addition of 1% shadow area can increase the area with moderate to low radiation levels by 1.083%..
This article analyses Lithuanian landscape photography that reflects the cultural landscape of the 20th century, revealing not only the natural phenomena of the land, but also the historical ...development of the country, social memory and national identity. Landscape photographs are abundant with cultural codes implicated in visual structures of landscapes, which are read and distinguished with the help of the palimpsest model. An interdisciplinary methodological approach is applied to the understanding of the functioning of photography in the spatial and local planes and to the purposeful use of the concepts of place and space, combining the phenomenological insights of humanistic geography, the theory of spatial production of the sociologist Henri Lefebvre, and the art historical analysis of visual texts. This interdisciplinary study introduces the cultural layer that is characteristic of the 20th century landscape, provides a sense of historical time shifts, and clarifies the prevailing stylistic movements in photographic landscapes.
Humans have been present in Amazonia throughout the Holocene, with the earliest archaeological sites dating to 12 000 years ago. The earliest inhabitants began managing landscapes through fire and ...plant domestication, but the total extent of vegetation modification remains relatively unknown. Here, we compile palaeoecological records from lake sediments containing charcoal and from pollen analyses to understand how human land-use affected vegetation during the early to mid-Holocene, and place our results in the context of previous archaeological work. We identified gradual, rather than abrupt changes in forest openness, disturbance and enrichment, with useful species at almost all sites. Early human occupations occurred in peripheral sites of Amazonia, where natural fires are part of the vegetation dynamics, so human-made fires did not exert a novel form of disturbance. Synchronicity between evidence of the onset of human occupation in lake records and archaeological sites was found for eastern Amazonia. For southwestern and western Amazonia and the Guiana Shield, the timing of the onset of human occupation differed by thousands of years between lake records and archaeological sites. Plant cultivation showed a different spatio-temporal pattern, appearing
2000 years earlier in western Amazonia than in other regions. Our findings highlight the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of Amazonia and indicate that the region cannot be treated as one entity when assessing ecological or cultural history. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
Najih RR, Batoro J, Hakim L. 2023. Ethnobotany of spring waters based on species toponymy on the east slope of Mount Ijen, Banyuwangi District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3860-3871. Some spring ...waters in Banyuwangi are unique in terms of toponymy (place name), where local communities give names to springs based on plant species around the springs. This research aimed to (i) understand the names of the plants used as the design names for the springs, (ii) understand the plants in the offerings of the springs and (iii) explain the use of plants around the springs on the East Ijen Slopes, Banyuwangi District, Indonesia. A field study was conducted on the slopes of Mount Ijen. Research data were obtained from 50 informants through semi-structured interviews. This study used descriptive analysis and Relative Frequency of Citations (RFC). There were five toponymy species of springs, namely Pangium edule Reinw, Planchonia valida (Blume) Blume, Terminalia sp., Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, and Garcinia tetranda Pierre. Offerings dishes of springs were Pecel Pitik, Tajin Suro, Tajin Jenang Limo, and Tumpeng Serakat. There are 43 species of plants around the springs within 21 families. Plants with the highest RFC values were Gigantochloa apus (Schult. f.) Kurz ex Munro (0.62), followed by Ficus benjamina L. (0.4) and S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq (0.32). In terms of utilization, the toponymy species did not have the highest RFC value. Species with low RFC values have a greater possibility of extinction than other species.
Cultural landscape corridors provide opportunities for recreation and other cultural ecosystem services (CES). Currently, many local governments are preparing cultural landscape corridor (CLC) ...proposals along China's Silk Roads, which include many notable features of historical human activity and communication between different cultures. However, public values and perceptions of these projects have been largely excluded from the planning processes. This study presents a spatial pattern analysis of public perceptions of the impact of a CLC in Zhangye, China. CES were used as a framework for participatory mapping, interviews, and a structured survey of public perceptions, and correspondence analysis was used to identify resident perceptions of the corridor's expected impact, especially as related to CES. Our results show that aesthetic values, cultural heritage values, and recreation were valued most highly. These values varied according to respondents' employment and land-use rights. The riverside was the most highest-valued area for CES. Respondents expressed concerns about the project's potentially negative impact, especially on the spiritual values of land. These concerns could be the source of conflict during project implementation. We conclude that linking participatory mapping with CES has the potential to improve corridor proposals and assist in the management of conflicts between planners and public stakeholders.
•Spatial mapping is an effective way to include the public in corridor planning.•Maps that overlap plan proposal with public perceptions could manage conflicts.•People's reported use and perception of CES varies from how they value CES.•CES valuation is related to occupation and land user rights.•Plans that threaten sites with spiritual value are most actively resisted.
This paper argues for the enhanced utilization of the built heritage in the case of the unique cellars of Salacea, Bihor Country which is called „the village of 1000 cellars„. The research analysis ...of the cellars includes field investigations, study of existing bibliography, air-photo interpretation. For examining the architectureal plans, facades and volumes use was made of software such as: Archicad 22 R1 INT version 22.0.0.3006, Artlantis (2017) 6.5 version 6.5.2.14, Adobe Illustrator CC (2017) version 21.1.0 and Adobe Photoshop CC (2015) version 16.1, and for processing the photos Adobe Lightroom version 6.12. Cartographic materials have been processed in 3D Studio Max, Corel Draw and Corel Photopaint. The use of spatial data allowed identification and analysis of important aspect for understanding the territorial reality. The study identifies two authentic models of cellars that could be exploited for their heritage potential for tourism development and a source of income for the local area.
"Human society, as an integral part of the environment, is subject to the consequences of the various specific natural phenomena and processes. Similarly, human intervention exerts its own impact on ...the environment, the influences being reciprocal. In the Anthropocene, the current geological period of Earth’s existence, some phenomena, through their way of manifestation, can produce dramatic changes in certain environments, consequently being categorized as dangerous by humans. In the temperate zone, these include: earthquakes, landslides, large-scale storms, floods, prolonged droughts, fires, pollution, epidemics, etc., with various causes, from natural to anthropogenic or mixed. In the context of the increasingly significant phenomena related to climate change, the concerns in the field of the cultural landscape were naturally joined by those related to the study of the impact of various risks within it. As a research area, the surface of the city of Ocna Mureș, closely linked to the middle course of the Mureș River, lends itself to the investigation of the impact of these types of risks connected with the evolution of the local cultural landscape. Numerous floods have occurred over time causing immense damage to the city and, at the same time, brought substantial changes to the elements of the environment and the cultural landscape as a whole. The perpetual decline of the local economy, especially of the mining and processing industry, starting from the 1990s until recently, can facilitate the emergence of the opportunity for tourism capitalization of the cultural landscape, marked to a large extent by the existence of the salt resource; all this in accordance with the principles of sustainable development and careful management of potential environmental risks. These basic aspects regarding the risk of floods and the opportunity for the tourism exploitation of the local cultural landscape, stated previously, shall be analysed, argued and highlighted in the paper. Keywords: cultural landscape, Ocna Mureș, floods, tourism exploitation, Anthropocene."
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