Rural revitalization is an important way of addressing sustainability. In recent years, the problems of dual urban-rural structures and rural ‘hollowing-out’ have become prominent. Driven by the ...strategic planning of rural revitalization, different development modes have emerged in China. However, more research is needed on their actual performance and wider impact on rural revitalization. Through the case of Xiamei in China with in-depth interviews, fieldwork, and participatory observation, this paper explores how tea tourism could revitalize an ancient village. It shows that sense of place, key leadership, and the participation of local talent have shaped its local culture and industrial characteristics. The spatial types of the old-new mixture, including'a workshop behind the house’ and ‘a shop in front of the house’, play a crucial role in the development mode. The media and Internet marketing have a far-reaching impact on the tea-culture economy and tourism. The cultural landscape-oriented rural revitalization promotes Xiamei as a society with improvements to local value, identity, and livelihoods.
•Rural revitalization is key to the rural changes leading to a sustainable future.•Xiamei's tangible and intangible cultural tea landscape builds a sense of place.•The importance of support by local clans.•Key local leaders shape Xiamei's bottom-up rural revitalization.•Modern media market old-new spatial types to demonstrate small-scale development.
The human history of the waters surrounding the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges is rich and culturally diverse. This ranges from indigenous cultures who first ventured to this remote region close to a ...thousand years ago to the period of European colonial exploration, as well as the rise of the modern global economy. Voyaging, fishing, and the transportation of commodities across these remote waters left signs of the human history of exploration and exploitation. A deep understanding of this rich history is critical to effectively managing its marine resources, since natural and cultural resources are intrinsically intertwined in many cultures. While most of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are located in areas beyond national jurisdiction, there has been recent interest to protect this remote region by governments, intergovernmental organizations, and the scientific community. This study provides a synthesis of the maritime heritage and cultural resources of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges in order to guide future conservation, management, scientific, and public outreach efforts in this region. While uninhabited, several communities have profound connections to these remote waters, particularly communities on the islands of Rapa Nui, Juan Fernández, as well as the Peruvian and Chilean continental coasts. These communities in particular should be appropriately engaged during all development phases of the proposed protected area, as these relationships are critical to not only building interest and support, but also to developing conservation strategies that are socially responsible and equitable. While this review summarizes what we know about the maritime heritage and cultural resources of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, several knowledge gaps remain. Activities addressing those knowledge gaps should be incorporated in the design and eventual management of the proposed protected area, including research, education and outreach aimed at better understanding and appreciating the cultural significance of the region. The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges provide a rare opportunity to protect and study a globally significant area on the high seas, while also providing a window into the profound relationships between people and the sea.
Inspired by the European Landscape Convention, landscape conservation policies in European countries are increasingly becoming connected to cultural heritage policies. In some European countries such ...as Spain, the vision of the ELC has been enriched with that of the guidelines on the inclusion of Cultural Landscapes on the World Heritage List. The Spanish National Cultural Landscape Plan, an instrument for the implementation of the ELC promoted by the Spanish Institute of Cultural Heritage, expressly states that its definition of cultural landscape should be based on the definition of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, but incorporating the ELC. However, this confluence is ultimately reflected in confronting guidelines. This study deepens this duality of the concept of cultural landscape, explores its conflicting spatial implications, and discusses its use in Spanish regional instruments. Through the statistical study of a sample of Spanish cultural landscapes, our study recognizes the need for guidelines for the identification of landscapes of special interest, especially if they are to be converted into cultural properties afterwards. Although the study cannot provide a method that solves the problem of the spatial dimensions of the landscape without major concessions, it has provided a classification of the dominant typology.
Heritage values are receiving more attention today than they have ever before. Many international and local conventions, as well as legislations, deal with the conservation and valorization of ...heritage values. Among these, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (UNESCO, 1972) and the International List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO, 2003) are particularly important. This subject is also becoming more meaningful in the field of tourism. Ambitious tourists put an authentic environment first, and cultural tourism based on intellectual interest is one of the most dynamically developing types of tourism products (Gonda, 2016). One of the fundamental characteristics of a cultural landscape is change, which is reflected in the natural landscape and also in the features that fill the spaces. However, the changes that have taken place in recent decades have not only led to the loss of diversity of cultural and historical habitats. These have also resulted in a blurring of the images that characterize a region, with the consequent loss of aesthetic values and identity. The Bavarian example examined in my study is an attempt to map and record the current state of the Bavarian cultural landscape and to define recommendations for the various sectors as a guide for future generations.
El pueblo de Guayacán, situado en la Región de Coquimbo, fue el centro de un complejo minero e industrial que tuvo su auge durante el siglo XIX. Se convirtió desde hace 40 años en un espacio ...monumental y fue declarado Zona Típica por el Estado de Chile durante 2005. Este artículo explora la compleja actualidad de un espacio en que confluyen diversas actividades económicas, a la vez que se distingue como un paisaje cultural reconocido por sus habitantes. A partir del análisis histórico que incluye imágenes, relatos y artículos de prensa se propone que a pesar de su dinamismo social en la cotidianidad, las autoridades han desaprovechado sus posibilidades turísticas y abandonado las edificaciones protegidas por ley, mientras que la población demanda el apoyo gubernamental para establecer políticas de desarrollo humano y reconocimiento patrimonial.
•Heritage and landscape planning share common topics and research lines.•13 operational guidelines for landscape planning can be set from heritage research.•Heritage framework responds to some of the ...current demands in landscape research.
The landscape, understood as the manifestation of the link that identifies each society with the space where it develops, brings us closer to the territory from a richer and more transversal approach, one that goes beyond its purely formal dimension and embraces its condition of collective space and cultural expression. This view confirms the need to understand landscape as heritage, which has led the heritage field to generate a valuable body of knowledge related to landscape management, focusing on the role it plays in the memory and identity of society and showing how this important legacy can be revalued under the principles of sustainable development. However, these insights have never been analytically synthesized. In order to fill this gap, 226 heritage-related studies have been systematically reviewed to distil the interlinkages of heritage and landscape, thus seeking to foster closer links between landscape planning and the heritage field. Assisted by a qualitative data analysis software and following the approach of meta-synthesis, this study has organized its findings by a representative set of 13 operational guidelines with potential application in landscape planning, including: adopting a holistic landscape policy, developing specific methods for adopting an Historic Urban Landscape approach in urban planning, implementing Historic Landscape Characterization, a closer look at the Landscape Biography paradigm, promoting the use of past-oriented landscape analyses in proactive planning, increasing characterization efforts of intangible landscape features, implementing monitoring systems for understanding landscape’s state of conservation, closing ties between heritage scenario and cultural ecosystem services research, incorporating heritage studies in Geodesign, reshaping static barrier-like planning borders into softer measures, promoting participatory co-management, integrating tourism and heritage into a pluralistic landscape planning and defining new landscape management figures and protocols based on getting “conservation-use” operational balance. These prospects are discussed in relation to their potential contribution to landscape planning, which adds soundness to the role of heritage sphere in this field.
▸ Stakeholders can express multiple perceptions on the land through mapping landscape service indicators. ▸ Participatory mapping creates stakeholder knowledge of landscapes into spatial form. ▸ ...Participation in landscape service assessments is crucial for bottom-up management. ▸ It is also necessary in order to capture the non-utilitarian value of landscapes. ▸ We suggest that place-based local knowledge should be institutionalised in the planning.
The evaluation of landscape services essentially deals with the complex and dynamic relationships between humans and their environment. When it comes to landscape management and the evaluation of the benefits these services provide for our well-being, there is a limited representation of stakeholder and intangible values on the land. Stakeholder knowledge is essential, since disciplinary expert evaluations and existing proxy data on landscape services can reveal little of the landscape benefits to the local stakeholders. This paper aims at evaluating the potential of using local stakeholders as key informants in the spatial assessment of landscape service indicators. A methodological approach is applied in the context of a rural village environment in Tanzania, Zanzibar, where local, spatially sensitive stakeholder knowledge is crucial in solving land management challenges as the resources are used extensively for supporting community livelihoods and are threatened by economic uses and agricultural expansion. A typology of 19 different material and non-material, cultural landscape service indicators is established and, in semi-structured interviews, community stakeholders map these indicators individually on an aerial image. The landscape service indicators are described and spatially analysed in order to establish an understanding of landscape level service structures, patterns and relationships.
The results show that community involvement and participatory mapping enhance the assessment of landscape services. These benefits from nature demonstrate spatial clustering and co-existence, but simultaneously also a tendency for spatial dispersion, and suggest that there is far more heterogeneity and sensitivity in the ways the benefits are distributed in relation to actual land resources. Many material landscape service indicators are individually based and spatially scattered in the landscape. However, the well-being of communities is also dependent on the non-material services, pointing out shared places of social interaction and cultural traditions. Both material and non-material services are preferred closest to settlements where the highest intensity, richness and diversity are found. Based on the results, the paper discusses the role of local stakeholders as experts in landscape service assessments and implications for local level management processes. It can be pointed out that the integration of participatory mapping methods in landscape service assessments is crucial for true collaborative, bottom-up landscape management. It is also necessary in order to capture the non-utilitarian value of landscapes and sensitivity to cultural landscape services, which many expert evaluations of landscape or ecosystem services fail to do justice.
Cultural landscape heritage of Toba Lake Area is a series is a series of landscapes with community activities. It is about an area with its activities in a specific landscape that included by Toba ...Lake and its caldera with a landscape as a part of geology process into ancient eruption. Stage of cultural landscape process should be a significant focus for a balancing and equilibrium in environmental change. In this paper that supported by dialog theory between theories of tourism in cultural landscape area and resilience which take Toba Lake area as a case. Grounded research was used by cases exploration. Principally, spatial planning will be changing because of human activities and tourism activities. Changing in its livelihood was occurred because there were many demand for them. All the changes should be into a consideration for nature and livelihood with specific culture and belief. Tourism is set up with referring to equilibrium Toba Lake’s nature and its communities of Batak ethic group. Resilience has a goal to anticipate many changing so as the spatial planning and the communities can adapt with its capacities.
•Swiss residents rated visual landscape quality of their municipality positively.•Alpine and pre-alpine regions were generally rated higher.•Variance in visual quality ratings was higher within than ...between municipalities.•Length of residence and openness of views explained variance within municipalities.•Biogeographic regions and municipality typology explained variance between municipalities.
In the context of significant landscape changes, understanding how residents perceive landscape quality is crucial for landscape policy-making and planning. However, while significant advancements have been made in measuring physical landscape change, social indicators assessing visual landscape quality perceived by the public are still underdeveloped. In this study, we use an indicator-based assessment of visual landscape quality that was collected through a standardized questionnaire at national scale in Switzerland. The survey was sent out to a representative sample of over 8000 households, with 2814 complete questionnaires returned. We investigated the influence of different factors on how residents assess visual landscape quality. Our results show that across Switzerland, residents rated visual landscape quality of their municipality positively, with some differences between geographic regions. Using a multilevel model, we included explanatory variables both at the individual level and variables on landscape characteristics at the municipality level. How long residents have lived in a region and how well they can see the landscape in an unobstructed way (openness of view) are significant predictors of perceived landscape quality, while gender and educational attainment are not. At the municipality level, the type of municipality and the biogeographic region are significant predictors to explain variance between municipalities. Results from this indicator-based assessment of visual landscape quality among the general public highlight the importance of including public opinion, with results that can potentially be used as a baseline from which to assess future landscape change and effects of landscape policy-decisions.
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