A new series (
6
) of C
5
-curcuminoid derivatives (2
E
,6
E-
2,6-dibenzylidene-4-hydroxycyclohexanones) is described here with their evaluation for in vitro antiproliferative activities. Evaluation ...of 31 compounds against human A2780 (ovarian), C33A (cervix) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines was performed to obtain structure activity relation data. The best performer was (2
E
,6
E
)-2,6-bis(3′-nitrobenzylidene)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone (
6h
) with IC
50
values of 0.68 μM (A2780), 0.69 μM (C33A) and 0.92 μM (MDA-MB-231) compared to cisplatin with 1.30 μM, 3.69 μM and 19.13 μM, respectively. According to calculated physicochemical properties some members in series
6
, namely (2
E
,6
E
)-2,6-bis(4′-pyridinyl)methylene-4-hydroxycyclohexanone (
6p
) IC
50
= 0.76 μM (A2780), 2.69 μM (C33A), 1.28 μM (MDA-MB-231) seem to have improved bioavailability compared to curcumin. Selected members of series
6
were involved in circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements in order to determine their interaction with natural DNA. Based on these data, we conclude that these derivatives do not bind to DNA in vitro. A proposal is summarized based on mass spectrometric assessment for fingerprint analysis in biological research of such C
5
-curcuminoids.
The use of curcumin in photodynamic therapy as a natural photosensitizer is considered to be efficient and safe for in vivo applications, having already been used in many studies against bacteria and ...fungi 1. Although curcumin is the main compound found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, other curcuminoids found in lesser quantity, such as demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BDMC), also possess photodynamic activity and are also capable of being synthesized to great yields 2. This work evaluated the usage of these curcuminoids in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to curcumin and explored whether mixing all three of them produced better inactivation results. Results found show that both curcuminoids inactivated S. aureus up to 5.5 logs while curcumin inactivated up to 4 logs in the same conditions. Mixtures that included more DMC and BDMC were also more efficient than ones that contained majorly curcumin. These findings indicate that these curcuminoids could produce better results than curcumin with other microorganisms as well as in clinical settings since these molecules share many similarities in structure, wavelength excitation, and stability.
Curcuma longa L., its derived extracts and even its major compound curcumin has a long history of use and doubtless effectiveness, reported through increasingly detailed in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo ...and even clinical trials. Regarding its biological effects, multiple health-promoting, disease-preventing and even treatment attributes has been remarkably highlighted. Clinical trials, although have increased in a progressive manner, significant disproportionalities have been stated in terms of biological effects assessment. In this sense, the present report aims to provide an extensive overview to curcumin therapeutic effects in human subjects. For that, clinical trials assessing the curcumin effect on inflammation, skin, eye, central nervous system, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital and metabolic disorders are here presented and discussed. A special emphasis was also given to curcumin activity on intoxications and multiple malignant diseases.
Display omitted
•Curcuma longa L., and its main bioactive constituent, curcumin, have a wide spectrum of biological potentialities.•Promising in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects have been markedly reported.•Curcumin therapeutic effects in human subjects are carefully discussed here.•Curcumin anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects are the most often investigated.•Renowned benefits on malignant diseases, gastrointestinal and central nervous system have also been demonstrated.
Curcumin, a yellow polyphenolic pigment from theCurcuma longaL. (turmeric) rhizome, has been used for centuries for culinary and food coloring purposes, and as an ingredient for various medicinal ...preparations, widely used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. In recent decades, their biological activities have been extensively studied. Thus, this review aims to offer an in-depth discussion of curcumin applications for food and biotechnological industries, and on health promotion and disease prevention, with particular emphasis on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Bioavailability, bioefficacy and safety features, side effects, and quality parameters of curcumin are also addressed. Finally, curcumin's multidimensional applications, food attractiveness optimization, agro-industrial procedures to offset its instability and low bioavailability, health concerns, and upcoming strategies for clinical application are also covered.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with considerable mortality worldwide. The main clinical ...manifestation of COVID‐19 is the presence of respiratory symptoms, but some patients develop severe cardiovascular and renal complications. There is an urgency to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes complications so as to develop treatment options. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could be a potential treatment option for patients with coronavirus disease. In this study, we review some of the potential effects of curcumin such as inhibiting the entry of virus to the cell, inhibiting encapsulation of the virus and viral protease, as well as modulating various cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of curcumin for the treatment of newly emerged SARS‐CoV‐2.
•Cytotoxicity of cyclic C5-curcuminoids against CNS tumors is described.•Their IC50 value on astrocytoma is in the low nanomolar and picomolar range.•These cyclic C5-curcumunoids penetrate the ...blood-brain barrier in different ratios.•The antitumoral activity did not show correlation with experimental logP.•The synthesis of these novel C5-curcuminoids is simple and economical in large scale.
Novel series of cyclic C5-curcuminoids 17a-j and 19-22 were prepared as cytotoxic agents and evaluated against human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) or human grade IV astrocytoma (CCF-STTG1) cell lines in low (∼0.1 nM - 10 nM) concentrations. Among the tested 21 derivatives, 16 displayed potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the low nanomolar to picomolar range (IC50 = 7.483-0.139 nM). Highly active compounds like N-monocarboxylic derivative 19b with IC50 = 0.139 nM value against neuroblastoma and N-alkyl substituted 11 with IC50 = 0.257 nM against astrocytoma proved some degree of selectivity toward non-cancerous astrocytes and kidney cells. This potent anticancer activity did not show a strong correlation with experimental logPTLC values, but the most potent antiproliferative molecules 11-13 and 19-22 are belonging to discrete subgroups of the cyclic C5-curcuminoids. Compounds 12, 17c and 19b were subjected to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration studies, too. The BBB was revealed to be permeable for all of them but, as the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values mirrored, in different ratios. Lower toxicity of 12, 17c and 19b was observed toward primary rat brain endothelial cells of the BBB model, which means they remained undamaged under 10 µM concentrations. Penetration depends, at least in part, on albumin binding of 12, 17c and 19b and the presence of monocarboxylic acid transporters in the case of 19b. Permeation through the BBB and albumin binding, we described here, is the first example of cyclic C5-curcuminoids as to our knowledge.
: New cyclic C5-curcuminoids are synthesized with superior cytotoxic activity on neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cell lines. IC50 values in low nanomolar and picomolar range, experimental logPTLC, structure-activity relationship, BBB penetration and selective cytotoxicity are described
Display omitted
Display omitted
The clinical efficacy of curcumin-containing nutraceuticals (e.g. turmeric preparations, curcumin, curcuminoids) for a range of conditions has been assessed by several systematic ...reviews, in some instances with contradictory conclusions. Our aim was to provide an up-to-date and rigorous synthesis of these data and to evaluate the quality of the available systematic reviews.
Electronic searches were conducted (up to December 2017) to locate all systematic reviews (SRs) related to the use of curcumin-containing nutraceuticals for any condition. The quality of the retrieved SRs was assessed by using AMSTAR an OQAQ tolls.
Twenty-two SRs met our inclusion criteria. Overall, four SRs were of high quality using the AMSTAR scale, whereas twelve SRs achieved an high quality classification according to the OQAQ score. There is some evidence that curcumin-containing nutraceuticals can exert systemic antioxidant actions (1 SR) and may be effective i) in inflammatory conditions such as arthritis-related diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (12 SRs), ii) in reducing lipid levels and cardiovascular risk factors (5 SRs) as well as iii) in skin diseases (1 SR). Cautious preliminary positive results were reported for depressive disorders (3 SRs), while no efficacy was observed in Alzheimer's disease patients (1 SR). Curcumin-containing nutraceuticals appear to be safe, as assessed by the adverse events reported in twelve SRs.
Based on the currently available SRs, the efficacy of curcumin-containing nutraceuticals has been demonstrated for several conditions; however, due to the poor quality of the primary trials and the low-to-moderate level of some SRs, there is still some uncertainty.
Display omitted
•NADES efficiently extract natural pigments from Curcuma longa L.•Compared with conventional organic solvents, CGH provides the highest pigments content and storage potential.•The ...target pigments can be readily and directly recovered from NADESs extracts by solid phase extraction column.
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) formed by organic acids and sugars were tested for their effectiveness in extracting the natural pigments called curcuminoids. Under optimum conditions (50 °C temperature, 0.1/10 g/mL solid/liquid ratio, and 30-minute extraction time), higher extraction yields were obtained when the solvent with 1:1 citric-acid-to-glucose ratio and 15% water (CGH) was used, as compared with conventional extraction solvents. Moreover, we studied the target curcuminoids antioxidant activities and stabilities in different solvents. Lastly, we demonstrated that solid phase extraction was an effective approach to recycle the natural pigments in the extracts. These results indicate that the proposed method is an excellent alternative for the extraction of natural pigments because it is environmentally friendly and can promote sustainability.
PDF
