The article suggestively called Damnatio memoriae. Historical andmoral revenge in images is considering the analysis of a cultural, historical andartistic phenomenon practiced since ancient times in ...different cultures andcivilizations, which literally consists in condemning the memory of certainremarkable personalities of the past, by deleting the names of the inscriptions,respectively by deteriorating, marking with distinctive signs (blackout,scribbling, etc.) or even completely destroying the images that representedthem. As we will try to demonstrate, this kind of practice has a strong ethicalconnotation, offering, besides a series of genuine documents about historicalevents, a moralizing example based on a certain type of ideology specific tothe space where they originated.Our work proposes to exemplify such a case, originating from the 16thcentury in Moldavia, referring to the personality and visual representations ofPrince Iliaş who appears in various artistic representations, such as the votivepaintings of Humor, Baia, Moldoviţa and Probota .It is worth noting from the beginning that the act of condemningmemory was most often done as a sign of an epoch-end (dictatorship) and thebeginning of a new one in which the recollection of the tyrant (or of thatparticular personality) was destroyed, and the images that reminded of himwere vandalized. As history shows, when such a phenomenon took place,hatred of the dictators of the periods of sad remembrance was reflected, mostof the time, upon the works of art that they represented, or the documents thatmentioned them, without taking into any account the importance, value, costsor efforts made to achieve them.
Gennade of Marseilles De viris illustribus displays social and individual assessment, on discourse level, conforming a particular catalog on ecclesiastical authors. Then, the notice on Augustine of ...Hippo is clear about a non conventional evaluation of his work. The history of De viris illustribus reception completes this perspective, showing different reactions of readers, beginning with interpolations in Augustine s chapter.
El De viris illustribus de Genadio de Marsella pone de manifiesto una serie de dispositivos discursivos, portadores de las valoraciones sociales e individuales que han dado su forma propia al catálogo de autores en cuestión. En este sentido, la noticia acerca de Agustín de Hipona, un actor histórico conspicuo, resulta ilustrativa respecto de unos criterios particulares, mediante la adjudicación de signos no convencionales a los contenidos del acervo, v.g., la información referida a la producción textual agustiniana. El enfoque de la tradición genadiana se completa con la información procedente de la esfera de la recepción ya que, en lo que respecta a los lectores de Genadio, podemos afirmar que repararon en la especificidad del abordaje, teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de reacciones dispares que se han registrado, empezando por los añadidos hechos sobre el mismo texto dedicado a Agustín.
Understanding the history of Jesus research through the 'Three Quests' paradigm ('Old Quest', 'New Quest' and 'Third Quest') has become widespread—and even taken for granted—in the guild of New ...Testament scholars. In recent years, however, that taxonomy has raised several cogent criticisms. Nonetheless, there are apologists who keep this interpretive paradigm alive and well. This article aims at revisiting the Three Quests typology in order to assess its explanatory value. It identifies the assertions and assumptions (and even implicit value judgments) of this typology, arguing that not one of them withstands critical examination because they are all built on arbitrary grounds and are refuted by literary evidence or by sound reasoning. Furthermore, the article contains an argument suggesting that this historiographical construct could serve certain ideological (more specifically, theological) interests.
A partire dalla antichità classica, a Roma si sviluppò la tradizione di gettare nel Tevere i cadaveri dei nemici politici quale atto di damnatio memoriae o di deletio memoriae. Clemente III (Guiberto ...di Ravenna) incorse in questo destino poco invidiabile. Papa Pasquale II ordinò di esumare i suoi resti e di gettarli nel Tevere così che non rimanesse traccia di lui, né per una futura memoria liturgica, né per una venerazione da parte dei suoi seguaci, che lo consideravano un santo piuttosto che un antipapa morto. Questo saggio si interroga se questa “sepoltura” nel Tevere sia avvenuta clandestinamente o come un atto di alto simbolismo politico: una purificazione rituale con un pubblico a far da testimone. Il saggio tratteggia anche lo sviluppo di questa tradizione dall’età romana fino ai giorni nostri, sottolineando gli specifici contesti politici in cui avvennero tali atti di intenzionale damnatio e deletio memoriae. L’aggettivo “intenzionale” è cruciale, dal momento che il Tevere, paradossalmente, rivelava spesso di costituire non tanto uno strumento di oblio, che cancellava radicalmente la memoria del condannato, quanto lo scenario su cui una particolare tradizione di ricordo prendeva forma. Tramite atti politici pubblici e rituali presumibilmente intrapresi per cancellare la memoria, il ricordo dei nemici politici morti era invece squalificato alimentando – sempre agli occhi del pubblico – una memoria negativa o deliberatamente infamante, una damnatio in memoria.
This article discusses the use of 3D laser scanning as an objective means to record and identify damaged Roman portraits in stone, in this case three mutilated images recovered from Romano British ...contexts that can now be identified as being of the fifth emperor of Rome, Nero (AD 54–68). The potential significance of such sculptured pieces has frequently been overlooked and the portraits themselves have, to date, made little or no contribution to the understanding of Roman art, the nature of imperial identity, the dissemination of artwork throughout the Roman world, the worship of the head of state in the provinces, or the development of Britain following conquest and assimilation by Rome. This report represents the first stage of a wider project set up to create a 3D digital database of Roman portraiture and the subsequent dissemination of datasets in an educational and interactive format.
Some New Observations on the Executions of Crispus, Licinius the Younger, and Fausta (326 CE).
The information provided by fourth and fifth-century sources on the executions of Caesar Crispus, son of ...Constantine, Licinius Licinianus, his nephew, and Fausta, his wife, in 326 CE, documents the birth of a literary genre, the relation of historical facts based on written and oral sources. The extant information is based, on the whole, on the implementation of the damnatio memoriae of the three members of the imperial family by Constantine. The most credible narratives (by Aurelius Victor, Eutropius, Peanius, and Hieronymus) confirm that the reasons for the punishments were unknown to ancient authors, even though they differed for each one. Nevertheless, circumstantial ties can be established between the death of Licinius and that of Martinian owing to the uprising by the former emperor one year before in Thessaloniki.
Les exécutions de Crispus, Licinius le Jeune et Fausta (326 apr. J.-C.) : nouvelles observations.
L’ information apportée par les auteurs des IVe et Ve siècles apr. J.-C. sur les exécutions en 326 de Crispus, fils de Constantin, de son neveu, Licinius le Jeune, et de Fausta, son épouse, reflète le processus de formation d’un genre littéraire relatant des faits historiques à partir de sources écrites et orales. Les informations conservées, dans leur ensemble, résultent de l’exécution de la damnatio memoriae des trois membres de la famille impériale par Constantin. Les récits les plus crédibles (Aurelius Victor, Eutrope, Peanius et Jérôme de Stridon) confirment que les raisons des condamnations n’étaient pas connues des auteurs antiques, même si elles différaient pour chacun. On peut cependant établir une relation circonstancielle entre la mort de Licinius et celle de Martinien, en raison du soulèvement de l’ancien empereur un an avant à Thessalonique.
La información que aporta los autores de los siglos IV y V d. C. sobre las ejecuciones en 326 d. C. del césar Crispo, hijo de Constantino, de su sobrino, Licinio el Joven, y de Fausta, esposa del emperador, refleja el proceso de formación de un registro literario de hechos históricos, a partir de fuentes escritas y orales. Las noticias conservadas son, en su conjunto, el resultado de la aplicación de la damnatio memoriae de sus tres miembros de la familia imperial sancionada por Constantino. Los relatos más acreditados (los debidos a Aurelio Víctor, Eutropio, Peanio y Jerónimo de Estridón) confirman que las razones de las condenas eran desconocidas por los autores de antiguos, aunque debieron de ser distintas en cada caso. Éstas, no obstante, se pueden poner en relación circunstancial con las muertes de Licinio y de su césar Martiniano, motivadas por el intento de sublevación del antiguo príncipe un año antes en Tesalónica.
Moreno Resano Esteban. Las ejecuciones de Crispo, Licinio el Joven y Fausta (año 326 d.C.): nuevas observaciones. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 41, n°1, 2015. pp. 177-200.
It can be said that the town statute of Split and the stipulations concerning the everyday life in this medieval town are not characterized by the aim to create an ideal city and, in this, they are ...far from the long-range urban planning contained in the statute of Dubrovnik. The fact that less than five per cent of the stipulations in the statute of Split relate to urban planning ought to be understood as indicating that the town, set in Diocletian’s Palace and determined by its structures, had already been defined to a large extent and that it functioned well and fulfilled the needs of its inhabitants. Thirty chapters of the statute deal with different aspects of the development of medieval Split and its everyday maintenance. This article focuses on the relationship between the local government and private property, that is, with the cases of private spaces being transformed into public spaces and the ‘ritualistic erasures’, that is, the demolition of houses whose owners committed treason and broke the law. This phenomenon of demolition as setting example was not limited to medieval Split but was recorded in other Dalmatian communes (in Omiš and Dubrovnik as late as the eighteenth century) and this discussion of it is based on the examination of a wider set of primary sources.
Business organizations and elites are often neglected in oral history as a result of the dominant assumption that elites have ample opportunity to be heard. We argue, however, that researching ...corporations and elites is very interesting for oral historians. This contention is supported by the four contributions that legitimize the use of oral history as formulated by Richard Crownshaw and Selma Leydesdorff. First, oral history research on organizations and elites is important for archival reasons as it helps to record information that would otherwise be lost. Second, we argue that the use of oral history for research on leadership and organizations is scientifically sound. Third, the democratic contributions of oral history provide misrepresented employees and leaders of organizations with a voice. This improves current narratives on corporate and elite history. Leaders in particular are vulnerable to not being treated democratically. They have the greatest chance of being written out of the history of an organization and as such "losing" a part of their life story. This so-called damnatio memoriae can be experienced as a traumatic event. The fourth contribution of oral history, its therapeutic usefulness, can be very beneficial in such a case.
Damnatio memoriae Martínez Pons, José Antonio
Vivat academia (Alcalá de Henares),
01/2006
71
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Damnatio Memoriae es una locución latina que significa literalmente condena de la memoria. Era una práctica de la antigua Roma consistente en, como su propio nombre indica, condenar el recuerdo de un ...enemigo del Estado tras su muerte. Se aplicaba para eliminar del mapa a algún personaje incómodo y todo cuanto recordara al condenado: imágenes, monumentos, inscripciones, e incluso se llegaba a la prohibición de usar su nombre. Muchos emperadores también se vieron afectados por esta práctica. Algo así ha ocurrido en España con la época franquista.
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