Personalized, precision, P4, or stratified medicine is understood as a medical approach in which patients are stratified based on their disease subtype, risk, prognosis, or treatment response using ...specialized diagnostic tests. The key idea is to base medical decisions on individual patient characteristics, including molecular and behavioral biomarkers, rather than on population averages. Personalized medicine is deeply connected to and dependent on data science, specifically machine learning (often named Artificial Intelligence in the mainstream media). While during recent years there has been a lot of enthusiasm about the potential of 'big data' and machine learning-based solutions, there exist only few examples that impact current clinical practice. The lack of impact on clinical practice can largely be attributed to insufficient performance of predictive models, difficulties to interpret complex model predictions, and lack of validation via prospective clinical trials that demonstrate a clear benefit compared to the standard of care. In this paper, we review the potential of state-of-the-art data science approaches for personalized medicine, discuss open challenges, and highlight directions that may help to overcome them in the future.
There is a need for an interdisciplinary effort, including data scientists, physicians, patient advocates, regulatory agencies, and health insurance organizations. Partially unrealistic expectations and concerns about data science-based solutions need to be better managed. In parallel, computational methods must advance more to provide direct benefit to clinical practice.
RNA modifications such as m6A methylation form an additional layer of complexity in the transcriptome. Nanopore direct RNA sequencing can capture this information in the raw current signal for each ...RNA molecule, enabling the detection of RNA modifications using supervised machine learning. However, experimental approaches provide only site-level training data, whereas the modification status for each single RNA molecule is missing. Here we present m6Anet, a neural-network-based method that leverages the multiple instance learning framework to specifically handle missing read-level modification labels in site-level training data. m6Anet outperforms existing computational methods, shows similar accuracy as experimental approaches, and generalizes with high accuracy to different cell lines and species without retraining model parameters. In addition, we demonstrate that m6Anet captures the underlying read-level stoichiometry, which can be used to approximate differences in modification rates. Overall, m6Anet offers a tool to capture the transcriptome-wide identification and quantification of m6A from a single run of direct RNA sequencing.
The Pathology Informatics Bootcamp, held annually at the Pathology Informatics Summit, provides pathology trainees with essential knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of Pathology Informatics. ...With a focus on data analytics, data science, and data management in 2022, the bootcamp addressed the growing importance of data analysis in pathology and laboratory medicine practice. The expansion of data-related subjects in Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents (PIER) and the Clinical Informatics fellowship examinations highlights the increasing significance of these skills in pathology practice in particular and medicine in general. The curriculum included lectures on databases, programming, analytics, machine learning basics, and specialized topics like anatomic pathology data analysis and dashboarding.
Datenbank-Community vernetzt sich in Dresden Lehner, Wolfgang
Datenbank-Spektrum : Zeitschrift für Datenbanktechnologie : Organ der Fachgruppe Datenbanken der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V,
01/2023, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
ZusammenfassungÜber 300 Teilnehmende aus Forschung und Anwendung nutzten die alle zwei Jahre stattfindende bedeutendste Datenbank-Tagung im deutschsprachigen Raum zum Austausch über neue Hardware- ...und Speichertechnologien, Datenintegration und -extraktion, Provenance-Management, Datenschutz, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing sowie neue Anwendungsbereiche und Architekturansätze für das Management komplexer und umfangreicher Datenbestände. Mit Sihem Amer-Yahia (CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Frankreich) und Andy Pavlo (Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA) konnten zwei renommierte Persönlichkeiten der internationalen Datenbank-Community als Keynote Speaker gewonnen werden. Neben dem wissenschaftlichen Tagungsprogramm eröffneten zwei Tutorien, vier workshops sowie das Demo-Programm neue Einblicke. Die Poster-Sessions, die Data Science Challenge und das Studierendenprogramm zur Nachwuchsförderung bildeten weitere Ausgangspunkte für Vernetzung und Diskussion. Ausgezeichnet wurden zwei herausragende Disserationen des Fachbereichs DBIS der Gesellschaft für Informatik. Erstmals wurde das Industrieprogramm als „Dresden-Data-Day“ in Zusammenarbeit mit der Sächsischen Aufbaubank (SAB) durchgeführt. Die Welcome Reception in der Fakultät Informatik, der Empfang im Dresdner Rathaus und das Konferenz-Dinner im Hygienemuseum bildeten festliche abendliche Höhepunkte. Die BTW-Schirmherrschaft des Ministerpräsidenten des Freistaates Sachsen, Michael Kretschmer, zeugte von großem Interesse und umfangreicher Unterstüzung seitens der Politik.
This study focused on the approved program for mathematics, data science, and AI smart higher education (MDASH) at the literacy level and surveyed 78 educational programs accredited by August 2021. ...The results revealed the following: (1) The most common curriculum in each school required students to opt for pre-designated subjects. However, most of the curriculums required the students to opt for existing subjects. (2) The common completion requirement was between 2 and 4 credits, but a wide range from 1 to 24 credits existed. These differences, despite the same accreditation system, are a concern in terms of fairness. (3) Most schools used spreadsheet software as a learning method for data analysis. This may reflect the reality of information education in high schools. (4) To be recognized as a leading program, promoting regional and industry collaboration within a clear framework tended to be more effective than class content or student support.
Emotions are of great significance in education as in all areas of human life. It is acknowledged that, although the cultures of people, the environment where they live, and the language they use ...vary, emotions that are evaluated as universal do exist. In this study, we examined the changes in the emotions of 67 students during the lectures of Basic Information Technologies who studied in three different departments in a state university in Mediterranean region. The facial expressions of the students were analyzed and digitalized in terms of the feelings of disgust, sadness, happiness, fear, contempt, anger and surprise by means of a software developed through Microsoft Emotion Recognition API and C # programming language. During the lecture, we studied how student emotions varied and whether this change was statistically significant according to their departments, gender, lecture hours, the location of the computer in the classroom, lecture type and session information. The lesson plan consisted of three stages: introduction, activities and closure. The significance of the difference in emotions and the relationship between emotion change and achievement were examined according to three different stages. The research showed that feelings of contempt, anger, fear and confusion increased, while feelings of happiness, sadness and disgust decreased in the first stage of the lecture. It was determined that the feeling of happiness increased rapidly, whereas all other emotions decreased during the closure section of the lecture. We found that only the feeling of sadness displayed a significant difference according to the departments. It can be suggested that the equipment that provides instant feedback to the lecturer by monitoring the students' emotions automatically throughout the lecture can be made available throughout the educational institutions, thus contributing to the increase in the quality of education.
•Students' emotion changes during the course can be analyzed with computer aided facial expression analysis systems.•During the first 4, 36 and 46 min, there are sharp changes in mood.•Emotion changes are based on gender, department, sitting order, session, etc. does not depend on factors.•Emotional changes are similar to the periods in the literature.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a humanitarian emergency, which started in Wuhan in China in early December 2019, brought into the notice of the authorities in late December, early January 2020, and, after ...investigation, was declared as an emergency in the third week of January 2020. The WHO declared this as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 31th of January 2020, and finally a pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of March 24th, 2020, the virus has caused a casualty of over 16,600 people worldwide with more than 380,000 people confirmed as infected by it, of which more than 10,000 cases are serious. Mainly based on Chinese newspapers, social media and other digital platform data, this paper analyzes the timeline of the key actions taken by the government and people over three months in five different phases. It found that although there was an initial delay in responding, a unique combination of strong governance, strict regulation, strong community vigilance and citizen participation, and wise use of big data and digital technologies, were some of the key factors in China's efforts to combat this virus. Being inviable and non-measurable (unlike radioactive exposure), appropriate and timely information is very important to form the basic foundation of mitigation and curative measures. Infodemic, as it is termed by WHO, is a key word, where different stakeholder's participation, along with stricter regulation, is required to reduce the impact of fake news in this information age and social media. Although different countries will need different approaches, focusing on its humanitarian nature and addressing infodemic issues are the two critical factors for future global mitigation efforts.
As a megadiverse country, Indonesia has plentiful genetic resources. The interest of domestic researchers in it and its relation to forestry scope is the focus of this paper. The objective is to ...determine the genetics aspects represented in forestry scholarly articles. Text mining analysis is carried out for the abstract articles, followed by topic modeling and trend analysis. Python libraries were used to conduct this research. Garuda website was the main source of the data collection. Natural language Toolkits (NLTK) were used to retrieve article information from Garuda. Sci-kit learn (SKLearn) of Latent Dirichlet Allocation module was used for topic modeling analysis, and pyLDAVis was used to represent it. SKLearn was also used for trending analysis. After article text retrieval, three topic clusters were found: forest diversity, products, and land use. The topics were scattered in 1966 abstract articles that were found during data retrieval. Article growth showed the quadratic pattern known after regression analysis. The trend showed the rapid growth of topics and scholars' interest, but the number of articles was low compared to the total articles on the Garuda portal.
Can We Trust AI? Chellappa, Rama
Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks,
2022
eBook
Odprti dostop
Artificial intelligence is part of our daily lives. How can we address its limitations and guide its use for the benefit of communities worldwide?Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from an ...experimental computer algorithm used by academic researchers to a commercially reliable method of sifting through large sets of data that detect patterns not readily apparent through more rudimentary search tools. As a result, AI-based programs are helping doctors make more informed decisions about patient care, city planners align roads and highways to reduce traffic congestion with better efficiency, and merchants scan financial transactions to quickly flag suspicious purchases. But as AI applications grow, concerns have increased, too, including worries about applications that amplify existing biases in business practices and about the safety of self-driving vehicles. In Can We Trust AI?, Dr. Rama Chellappa, a researcher and innovator with 40 years in the field, recounts the evolution of AI, its current uses, and how it will drive industries and shape lives in the future. Leading AI researchers, thought leaders, and entrepreneurs contribute their expertise as well on how AI works, what we can expect from it, and how it can be harnessed to make our lives not only safer and more convenient but also more equitable. Can We Trust AI? is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the potential—and pitfalls—of artificial intelligence. The book features:• an exploration of AI's origins during the post–World War II era through the computer revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, and its explosion among technology firms since 2012;• highlights of innovative ways that AI can diagnose medical conditions more quickly and accurately;• explanations of how the combination of AI and robotics is changing how we drive; and• interviews with leading AI researchers who are pushing the boundaries of AI for the world's benefit and working to make its applications safer and more just. Johns Hopkins WavelengthsIn classrooms, field stations, and laboratories in Baltimore and around the world, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professors of Johns Hopkins University are opening the boundaries of our understanding of many of the world's most complex challenges. The Johns Hopkins Wavelengths book series brings readers inside their stories, illustrating how their pioneering discoveries and innovations benefit people in their neighborhoods and across the globe in artificial intelligence, cancer research, food systems' environmental impacts, health equity, planetary science, science diplomacy, and other critical arenas of study. Through these compelling narratives, their insights will spark conversations from dorm rooms to dining rooms to boardrooms.
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