This paper presents a literature review on Third-Party Logistics (3PL) selection decision in terms of criteria and methods. Based on the analysis of 67 articles published within 1994–2013 period, ...this review reveals that 3PL selection is empirical in nature and is related to a region/country, industrial sector, and logistics activities outsourced. In terms of 3PL selection criteria, 11 key criteria are identified; each one is defined by a set of attributes. Cost is the most widely adopted criterion, followed by relationship, services, and quality. In terms of methods for 3PL evaluation, they can be categorized in 5 groups, namely: MCDM techniques, statistical approaches, artificial intelligence, mathematical programming, and hybrid methods.
•67 papers on 3PL selection are analyzed in terms of criteria and methods.•Majority of the studies is empirical but comparison between regions are scarce.•11 main groups of criteria are identified.•Cost is the most widely used attribute, followed by relationship, services, and quality.•Five categories of methods are identified but their use remains low.
Abstract Research Summary Upper echelons research has generated insights into the organizational consequences of CEO narcissism. However, fewer studies have empirically attended to the mechanisms ...through which these consequences occur. Using the attention‐based view, we introduce a process model examining how CEO narcissism is linked to corporate risk‐taking through the board of director discussion tone of risk‐taking during board meetings. We further note that narcissistic CEOs have an increased ability to do so when they are appointed to be board chair. We find strong support for each of our hypotheses by utilizing a unique data set of corporate board meeting transcripts encompassing 88 public firms and 197 CEOs over 20 years. Our results suggest that narcissistic CEOs are adept at controlling the attentional foci of boards of directors to get their way. Managerial Summary Our study offers an explanation as to how CEO narcissism influences firm risk‐taking behavior. Specifically, we demonstrate that narcissistic CEOs are prone to drive board discussions about risk‐taking to hold a positive tone—especially when they also serve as board chair—thereby enabling them to allocate increased resources toward risk‐taking strategies. Through an extensive analysis of board meeting transcripts spanning two decades across 88 companies, we illustrate how narcissistic CEOs wield substantial influence in molding board conversations to mirror their own pro‐risk inclinations. This insight further considers the importance of understanding CEO behavior in guiding risk management strategies in the future.
•Policy role evaluation via modeling, scenarios assessment, and sustainability index.•Climate-based hydrological projections show a reduction in water availability.•Even with the most ambitious ...public policies, sustainability does not increase.•As higher warming levels are reached, the hydric system tends to perform worse.
Economic development alongside unsustained population growth are among the leading factors of hydrological depletion. Facing climate change impacts, long-term policy planning via scenario analysis is an essential tool to ensure water security. This investigation utilized an approach based on numerical model experiments and sustainability indexes to assess the impact of public policies for water resources management over a long-term horizon. Streamflow projections (2011–2099) from the hydrological model MHD-INPE (Distributed Hydrological Model – National Institute for Space Research) were evaluated as means to investigate water supply scenarios. Monthly flows were accounted into 30-year moving average intervals. Sustainability Indexes were then calculated to evaluate the performance of a water system as IPCC’s Specific Warming Levels were reached. In this study, the contribution of public policies for water resources sustainability under climate change scenarios in the Paraíba do Sul river basin, which supports the water supply of the two major Brazilian metropolitan areas, were analyzed. Results indicated that the system will operate with more stress facing climate change impacts. Finally, the assessment of water availability scenarios is concluded to benefit decision-makers in incorporating adaptation measures, identifying uncertainties, and foreseeing potential effects of climate change.
Restraint Use in Older Adults Receiving Home Care Scheepmans, Kristien; Dierckx de Casterlé, Bernadette; Paquay, Louis ...
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS),
August 2017, 2017-Aug, 2017-08-00, 20170801, Letnik:
65, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objectives
To determine the prevalence, types, frequency, and duration of restraint use in older adults receiving home nursing care and to determine factors involved in the decision‐making process ...for restraint use and application.
Design
Cross‐sectional survey of restraint use in older adults receiving home care completed by primary care nurses.
Setting
Homes of older adults receiving care from a home nursing organization in Belgium.
Participants
Randomized sample of older adults receiving home care (N = 6,397; mean age 80.6; 66.8% female).
Measurements
For each participant, nurses completed an investigator‐constructed and ‐validated questionnaire collecting information demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics and aspects of restraint use. A broad definition of restraint was used that includes a range of restrictive actions.
Results
Restraints were used in 24.7% of the participants, mostly on a daily basis (85%) and often for a long period (54.5%, 24 h/d). The most common reason for restraint use was safety (50.2%). Other reasons were that the individual wanted to remain at home longer, which necessitated the use of restraints (18.2%) and to provide respite for the informal caregiver (8.6%). The latter played an important role in the decision and application process. The physician was less involved in the process. In 64.5% of cases, there was no evaluation after restraint use was initiated.
Conclusion
Use of restraints is common in older adults receiving home care nursing in Belgium. These results contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of use of restraints in home care, a situation that may be even more complex than in nursing homes and acute hospital settings.
This paper presents a solution for building awareness of the electromagnetic situation in cognitive mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) using the cooperative spectrum sensing method. Signal detection is ...performed using energy detectors with noise level estimation. Based on the evidence theory, the fusion center decides on the particular channel occupancy, which can process incomplete and unambiguous input data. Next, a reinforced machine learning algorithm estimates the usefulness of particular channels for the MANET transmission and creates backup channels list that could be used in case of interferences. Initial simulations were performed using the MATLAB environment, and next an OMNET-based MAENA high fidelity simulator was used. Performed simulations showed a significant increase in sensing efficiency compared to sensing performed using simple data fusion rules.
•The agent-based modeling and theory of planned behavior have been combined for socio-hydrological modeling.•The proposed socio-hydrological framework has been applied for simulation of Zarrineh ...River discharge to Urmia Lake.•The proposed socio-hydrological framework could effectively be used to simulate the farmers’ general behavior on their agricultural decision-making process.
This study proposes a novel socio-hydrological modeling framework for assessing the performance of complex water resources systems. It employs and integrates agent-based modeling (ABM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) into the socio-hydrological modeling framework to account for agents’ behaviors. Due to farmers’ major role in anthropogenic droughts, this paper mainly focuses on farmers’ behavior. The TPB framework and the agents’ behavioral rules in ABM are structured based on the data obtained from field questionnaires and interviews by the farmers in the Zarrineh River Basin as the main river feeding the Urmia Lake. The proposed modeling framework, including the TPB and ABM structures and rules, are validated by comparing the results of the proposed socio-hydrological simulation model with the actual data on the simulation period. To assess the ability of the proposed framework, root mean square error (RMSE) and the determination coefficient (DC) were computed. The results show the acceptable performance of the proposed model by RMSE = 0.18 and DC = 0.92. Analysis of the results indicates that financial conditions, farmland size, farmers’ age, and farmers’ education are among the major factors in farmers’ decision-making process, respectively.
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently led to many breakthroughs on a range of complex control tasks. However, the agent's decision-making process is generally not transparent. The lack of ...interpretability hinders the applicability of RL in safety-critical scenarios. While several methods have attempted to interpret vision-based RL, most come without detailed explanation for the agent's behavior. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised interpretable framework, which can discover interpretable features to enable easy understanding of RL agents even for non-experts. Specifically, a self-supervised interpretable network (SSINet) is employed to produce fine-grained attention masks for highlighting task-relevant information, which constitutes most evidence for the agent's decisions. We verify and evaluate our method on several Atari 2600 games as well as Duckietown, which is a challenging self-driving car simulator environment. The results show that our method renders empirical evidences about how the agent makes decisions and why the agent performs well or badly, especially when transferred to novel scenes. Overall, our method provides valuable insight into the internal decision-making process of vision-based RL. In addition, our method does not use any external labelled data, and thus demonstrates the possibility to learn high-quality mask through a self-supervised manner, which may shed light on new paradigms for label-free vision learning such as self-supervised segmentation and detection.
This study analyzes tourist intention in the early phase of the tourists' decision-making process. Through correlations and web-experiments, we trace subjective knowledge through the tourists' ...accumulation of diagnostic cues inherent in a destination and the ways tourists falsely believe that having more knowledge can be beneficial. This research uncovers the negative relationship between tourists' subjective knowledge about a destination and their intention to travel. Subjective knowledge psychologically activates a higher degree of self-congruity with a destination, impregnating the destination with a sense of familiarity that curbs the intention to travel. The results indicate that practitioners need to understand the way that congruence between market-generated materials and tourists' sense of self can counterintuitively clog the decision-making process at the early stages.
•The early phase of the tourists' decision-making process is focal and overlooked by previous studies.•The intervention of subjective knowledge decreases rather than increases tourists' intention to travel.•Subjective knowledge psychologically activates a higher degree of self-congruity that curbs the intention to travel.
Introduction of digital therapeutics Hong, Ji Sun; Wasden, Chris; Han, Doug Hyun
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine,
09/2021, Letnik:
209
Journal Article
Recenzirano
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESDigital therapeutics are an emerging type of medical therapy and are defined as evidence-based therapeutic interventions for patients by means of qualified software programs ...to prevent, manage, or treat medical conditions. Today, digital therapeutics products are on the market or under development for a wide range of medical conditions such as diabetes, oncology treatment management, and neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety disorder, depression, and substance use disorder. Digital therapeutics can be more flexible than other treatment methods to address patients' individual needs. METHODS AND RESULTSThe advantages of digital therapeutics fall in line with market demand; thus, the digital therapeutics market is expanding globally, focusing on advanced medical markets. There are many digital therapeutics products such as Sleepio for insomnia, Daylight for anxiety, Livongo and Omada products for diabetes, pre-diabetes, hypertension, etc. None of these are cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but all are commercially available through health insurance or employers. The EU, including Germany, and a number of Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China, are also introducing policies for the regulation of new fields and digital therapeutics. CONCLUSIONSThe adoption of digital therapeutics is intricate and often involves various interests in numerous fields, decision-making processes, and individual or organizational value judgments. For digital therapeutics to be thoroughly introduced into real life, technical aspects must be supported, and an approach that considers users must be further investigated.
Connection number (CN) is one of the key features of a set pair analysis (SPA) theory to describe uncertainties in terms of three degrees, namely “identity”, “discrepancy” and “contrary”. In the ...present manuscript, the work has been done under environment of the intuitionistic fuzzy set, and some axioms of the distance measures based on Hamming, Euclidean, and Hausdorff metrics have been proposed whose preferences related to the attributes are made in the form of CN. Their desirable relations have also been investigated. Furthermore, based on these measures, an approach to investigating the decision-making problem has been presented. The effectiveness of the approach has been demonstrated through a case study. The comparative study as well as the advantages of the proposed measures over the existing measures has been presented.
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