Demography at the Edge Rasmussen, Rasmus Ole, Assoc Prof; Taylor, Andrew, Mr; Carson, Dean, Professor ...
2011, 20160523, 2015, 2011-04-01, 2016-05-23, 2016-05-26, 20110101
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Addressing the methodological and topical challenges facing demographers working in remote regions, this book compares and contrasts the research, methods and models, and policy applications from ...peripheral regions in developed nations.
With the emphasis on human populations as dynamic, adaptive, evolving systems, it explores how populations respond in different ways to changing environmental, cultural and economic conditions and how effectively they manage these change processes. Theoretical understandings and policy issues arising from demographic modelling are tackled including: competition for skilled workers; urbanisation and ruralisation; population ageing; the impacts of climate change; the life outcomes of Indigenous peoples; globalisation and international migration.
Based on a strong theoretical framework around issues of heterogeneity, generational change, temporariness and the relative strength of internal and external ties, Demography at the Edge provides a common set of approaches and issues that benefit both researchers and practitioners.
This book analyses how the economic crisis in the 1970s led to the erosion of the regulated type of capitalism that came to be in place after World War II, and paved the way to a Neoliberal ...Globalisation. Deep structural institutional changes especially in the field of financial markets, labour markets and the international economy became the basis for a liberal type of capitalism which included financial markets in a dominant role. The new neoliberal model fundamentally changed the conditions for all macroeconomic policies. In this book, these macroeconomic policy regimes are discussed on a theoretical level.
Macroeconomic Policy Regimes in Western Industrial Countries explains how certain countries have created a more liberal and market-based type of capitalism. The emphasis throughout is on how understanding macroeconomic policies, and the institutional framework in which they operate, is vital to understanding the long-run dynamics of a capitalist economy. The policy regimes that are examined consist of changes in the financial system, monetary policy, fiscal policy, wage policy, and changes in distribution and foreign economic policy. The argument emerges that this deregulated type of capitalism is unacceptably unstable and is only preferable to a minority.
Moving on from the finance-driven development of recent decades, the authors take a look at the need for fundamental reforms, including institutional reforms in the areas of national and international financial and labour markets. Case studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan dating from the 1970s up to today provide the reader with clear examples and analysis of the development in question. This book will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers of economics and political science.
1. Introduction 2. Macroeconomic policy regimes and their assessment 2.1 General Characteristics of an Economic Policy Regime 2.2 Financial systems 2.2.1 Prototypes of financial systems 2.2.2 The type of financial system prevailing today 2.3 Foreign economic policy 2.3.1 Institutional changes 2.3.2 External economic constraints and strategies 2.4. Monetary policy 2.4.1 Institutional changes 2.4.2 Monetary policy options 2.5 Wage policy 2.5.1 Wages, prices and the wage norm 2.5.2 Labour market institutions 2.6 Fiscal policy 2.6.1 Institutional changes 2.6.2 Fiscal policy options 2.7 Income distribution 2.7.1 Development of income distribution 2.7.2 Income distribution and growth 2.8 A growth promoting macroeconomic policy regime – a summary 3. Case studies 3.1 The finance-led growth model of the USA 3.2 The "popular" finance-led growth model of the United Kingdom 3.3 The exhaustion of the German export model 3.4 Japan and the return of deflation 4. A New Globalisation: A wage-led and investment-led reform strategy
Hansjörg Herr is Professor for Supranational Integration at the Berlin School of Economics and Law, Germany.
Milka Kazandziska is a lecturer at the Berlin School of Economics and Law, Germany.
This book explores how climate institutions in industrialized countries work to further the recognition of social differences and integrate this understanding in climate policy making. With ...contributions from a range of expert scholars in the field, this volume investigates policy-making in climate institutions from the perspective of power as it relates to gender. It also considers other intersecting social factors at different levels of governance, from the global to the local level and extending into climate-relevant sectors. The authors argue that a focus on climate institutions is important since they not only develop strategies and policies, they also (re)produce power relations, promote specific norms and values, and distribute resources. The chapters throughout draw on examples from various institutions including national ministries, transport and waste management authorities, and local authorities, as well as the European Union and the UNFCCC regime. Overall, this book demonstrates how feminist institutionalist theory and intersectionality approaches can contribute to an increased understanding of power relations and social differences in climate policy-making and in climate-relevant sectors in industrialized states. In doing so, it highlights the challenges of path dependencies, but also reveals opportunities for advancing gender equality, equity, and social justice.Gender, Intersectionality and Climate Institutions in Industrialized States will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate politics, international relations, gender studies and policy studies.
For the first time, researchers, policymakers and practitioners across the world will have access to a comprehensive mapping of research evidence and policy strategies about education and poverty in ...affluent countries. Although there is widespread agreement that poverty and poor educational outcomes are related, there are competing explanations as to why that should be the case. This is a major problem for practitioners, policy makers and researchers who are looking for pointers to action, or straightforward ways of understanding an issue that troubles education systems across the world. This unique book brings scholarship and analysis from some of the most influential researchers and writers on education and poverty within one text. The authors provide a synthesising framework that will help researchers and policy makers to examine future educational policy in a holistic and comprehensive fashion.
Carlo Raffo is a Reader in Education at the University of Manchester.
Alan Dyson is Professor of Education in the University of Manchester.
Helen Gunter is Professor of Educational Policy, Leadership and Management in the School of Education at the University of Manchester.
Dave Hall is a Senior Lecturer in Education at the School of Education, University of Manchester.
Lisa Jones is a Research Assistant at the University of Manchester and is currently studying for her Ph.D.
Afroditi Kalambouka is a Research Associate at the University of Manchester.
Education and Poverty in Affluent Countries is...a brilliant and ground-breaking study of great potential value for politicians, policy-makers, researchers and community activists. It inaugurates a new paradigm for facing problems in the field and it encourages all those working in the field to be sustained by 'complex hope' for the possibility of change."-- Journal of Educational Policy
"What the authors achieve in this volume is no small feat given the magnitude of the topic they address and the valuable organising synthesis given to their discussion in education and poverty."-- British Journal of Educational Studies
"How to sort through the competing commitments and explanations, how to judge the success of policies and practices, and how we maintain a consistently critical ethical and political stance—all of this needs to be taken very seriously. Education and Poverty in Affluent Countries provides a platform from which we can go further in dealing more reflectively with such issues"— Education Review
Section 1: Education and Poverty: A Mapping Framework 1. Education and Poverty in Affluent Countries: An Introduction to the Book and the Mapping Framework Carlo Raffo, Alan Dyson, Helen Gunter, Dave Hall, Lisa Jones and Afroditi Kalambouka 2. The Mapping Framework, Research Literature and Policy Implications within a Functionalist Perspective Carlo Raffo, Alan Dyson, Helen Gunter, Dave Hall, Lisa Jones and Afroditi Kalambouka 3. The Mapping Framework, Research Literature and Policy Implications within a Socially Critical Perspective Carlo Raffo, Alan Dyson, Helen Gunter, Dave Hall, Lisa Jones and Afroditi Kalambouka Section 2: International Studies on Education and Poverty 4. Neoliberal Urban Education Policy: Chicago, A Paradigmatic Case of the Production of Inequality, and Racial Exclusion Pauline Lipman 5. Inclusive School Leadership Strategies in Disadvantaged Schools Based on Student and Community Voice: Implications for Australian Educational Policy John Smyth 6. Effectiveness and Disadvantage in Education: Can a Focus on Effectiveness Aid Equity in Education? Daniel Muijs 7. High Hopes in a Changing World: Social Disadvantage, Educational Expectations, and Occupational Attainment in Three British Cohort Studies Ingrid Schoon 8. Area-Based Initiatives in English Education: What Place for Place and Space? Ruth Lupton 9. A Critical Pedagogy of Global Place: Regeneration in and as Action Pat Thomson 10. Leaving School and Moving On: Poverty, Urban Youth and Learning Identities Meg Maguire 11. The Challenges of Poverty and Urban Education in Canada: Lessons from Two School Boards Jane Gaskell and Ben Levin Section 3: An Examination of Educational Policy 12. Policy and the Policy Process Helen Gunter, Carlo Raffo, Dave Hall Alan Dyson, Lisa Jones and Afroditi Kalambouka 13. Poverty and Educational Policy Initiatives: A Review Carlo Raffo, Alan Dyson, Helen Gunter, Dave Hall, Lisa Jones and Afroditi Kalambouka 14. What is to be Done? Implications for Policy Makers Alan Dyson, Helen Gunter, Dave Hall, Carlo Raffo, Lisa Jones and Afroditi Kalambouka
This book is about the ideas, networks and institutions that shape the development of evidence about child poverty and wellbeing, and the use of such evidence in development policy debates.
A comprehensive resource describing innovative technologies and digital health tools that can revolutionize the delivery of health care in low- to middle- income countries, particularly in remote ...rural impoverished communities Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine offers an up-to-date guide for healthcare and other professionals working in low-resource countries where access to health care facilities for diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Rather than suggesting the expensive solution of building new bricks and mortar clinics and hospitals and increasing the number of doctors and nurses in these deprived areas, the authors propose a complete change of mindset. They outline a number of ideas for improving healthcare including rapid diagnostic testing for infectious and non-infectious diseases at a point-of-care facility, together with low cost portable imaging devices. In addition, the authors recommend a change in the way in which health care is delivered. This approach requires task-shifting within the healthcare provision system so that nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacists and others are trained in the newly available technologies, thus enabling faster and more appropriate triage for people requiring medical treatment. This text: * Describes the current burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries throughout the world * Describes the major advances in healthcare outcomes in low-to middle-income countries derived from implementation of the United Nations/World Health Organisation's 2000 Millennium Development Goals * Provides a review of inexpensive rapid diagnostic point-of-care tests for infectious diseases in low-resource countries, particularly for people living in remote rural areas * Provides a review of other rapid point-of-care services for assessing hematological function, biochemical function, renal function, hepatic function and status including hepatitis, acid-base balance, sickle cell disease, severe acute malnutrition and spirometry * Explores the use of low-cost portable imaging devices for use in remote rural areas including a novel method of examining the optic fundus using a smartphone and the extensive value of portable ultrasound scanning when x-ray facilities are not available * Describes the use of telemedicine in the clinical management of both children and adults in remote rural settings * Looks to the future of clinical management in remote impoverished rural settings using nucleic acid identification of pathogens, the use of nanoparticles for water purification, the use of drones, the use of pulse oximetry and the use of near-infrared spectroscopy * Finally, it assesses the potential for future healthcare improvement in impoverished areas and how the United Nations/World Health Organization 2015 Sustainable Development Goals are approaching this. Written for physicians, infectious disease specialists, pathologists, radiologists, nurses, pharmacists and other health care workers, as well as government healthcare managers, Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine is a new up- to-date essential and realistic guide to treating and diagnosing patients in low-resource tropical countries based on new technologies.
Around the world, there are concerns that many tax codes are biased against women, and that contemporary tax reforms tend to increase the incidence of taxation on the poorest women while failing to ...generate enough revenue to fund the programs needed to improve these women’s lives. Because taxes are the key source of revenue governments themselves raise, understanding the nature and composition of taxation and current tax reform efforts is key to reducing poverty, providing sufficient revenue for public expenditure, and achieving social justice.
This is the first book to systematically examine gender and taxation within and across countries at different levels of development. It presents original research on the gender dimensions of personal income taxes, and value-added, excise, and fuel taxes in Argentina, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda and the United Kingdom. This book will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers studying Public Finance, International Economics, Development Studies, Gender Studies, and International Relations, among other disciplines.
Professor Caren Grown is Economist-In-Residence at American University, Washington DC, USA.
Professor Imraan Valodia is Associate Professor at the School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
‘This book shows that taxation is often not neutral between the genders when it should be, and is sometimes neutral when it should not be. Taking the perspective of horizontal and vertical equity, its case studies illuminate how tax systems and tax reforms can be inequitable across genders, and much of the time because the gendered structure of economy and society is not an integral part of the tax design debate. The book represents an important contribution to that debate, and will be very useful to researchers and practitioners, particularly in developing countries.’
- Ravi Kanbur, Cornell University, USA
‘As the pendulum swings once again towards greater state economic involvement and therefore an increased need for state resources, there is an urgent need to understand whether tax systems are biased against women and if they could be reinforcing gender inequalities. This groundbreaking volume examines the gender dimensions of tax systems in seven developing and one developed country and is the first systematic treatment of its kind. The conceptual framework that it poses should be part of the toolkit of policy professionals, donor staff, and gender specialists in years to come.’
- Manuel F. Montes, Development Policy and Analysis Division, UNDESA, USA
‘Equity issues are again attracting attention from academics and policy analysts concerned with taxation. This book makes a substantial contribution to this new awareness by emphasizing the important role that gender, like other social stratifications such as race and income, often plays in determining the impact of taxation on well-being. The editors have done a fine job not only in setting out the questions considered in the volume clearly and in context but also by establishing a uniform methodological approach that has been followed in the country papers, thus allowing them to present the results in a comparable and comprehensible form. In turn, the case studies of mainly developing countries are rich in detail and make it clear that those concerned with the extent to which taxation perpetuates or alters distributional outcomes in any country need to pay close attention to how taxes on consumption are structured and administered as well as to such more traditional gender-related income tax issues as the treatment of household income. This book should be on the shelf of anyone concerned with either tax policy or gender issues in both developing and developed countries.’
- Richard Bird, University of Toronto, Canada
‘This highly original book is essential reading for everyone concerned with equality in taxation. It provides a powerful conceptual framework, that goes beyond comparing male and female headed households; and sets out detailed empirical findings on the gender dimensions of both direct and indirect taxation. It will be invaluable in extending gender-responsive budgeting from expenditure to taxation.’
- Diane Elson, Centre for Research in Economic Sociology and Innovation, University of Essex, and Chair of Women's Budget Group, UK
1. Taxation and Gender Equality: A Conceptual Framework 2. Methodology and Comparative Analysis 3. Gender Equality and Taxation: The Argentine Case 4. Gender and Taxation in India: An Unequal Burden? 5. Gender Analysis of Taxation: The Case of Mexico 6. An Investigation into the Gender Dimensions of Taxation in Ghana 7. Gender and Taxation in Morocco 8. Gender and Taxation in South Africa 9. Gender and Taxation in Uganda 10. Gender and Taxation: A UK Case Study 11. Policy Issues and Conclusions
Examining how youths in fourteen industrialized societies make the transition to adulthood in an era of globalization and rising uncertainty, this collection of essays investigates the impact that ...institutions working with social groups of youths have upon those youths' abilities to make adult decisions determining their life courses.
Covering both Europe and North America, the book includes case studies, and contains country-specific contributions on conservative, social-democratic, post-socialist, liberal and familistic welfare regimes, as well as data from the GLOBALIFE project.
Filling the gap in the market on the micro effects of globalization on individuals, and taking an empirical approach to the topic, this impressive volume brings the individual and nation-specific institutions back into the discussion on globalization.
Much of Europe remains plagued by high levels of unemployment. Fighting Unemployment critically assesses the widely accepted view that the culprit is excessive labor market regulation and overly ...generous welfare state benefits. The chapters include both cross-country statistical analyses and country case studies and are authored by economists from seven North American and European countries. They challenge the standard free market prescription that lower wages for less skilled workers, weaker labor unions, greater decentralization in bargaining, less generous unemployment benefits, and much less job security are necessary for good employment performance. There is little or no evidence of an equality-employment tradeoff: more wage equality is not associated with higher unemployment (or lower employment) rates. And while some recent statistical tests of the role of protective labor market institutions across the most affluent countries have been interpreted to lend support to the orthodox view and have been highly influential in both professional and policy circles, these results are shown to vary significantly across studies and to be highly sensitive to minor changes in the way the tests are run. The case study chapters suggest that good employment performance has been achieved less by shrinking the welfare state and deregulating the labor market than by effectively coordinating macroeconomic and social policies with the wage bargaining system —an achievement that requires both strong employer and union associations and a relatively stable and consensual political environment. The larger message of this book is that fundamentally different labor market models are compatible with low unemployment, ranging from the free market “American Model” to the much more regulated and coordinated Scandinavian systems.
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