Introduction: Health tourism is a new form of tourism industry that aims to maintain recovery and regain physical and mental health and has grown in recent years. Therefore, the present study was ...conducted to investigate the factors affecting the marketing of health tourism in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical and was conducted on 270 individuals at some point in 2021. The study population consisted of all heads, managers, matrons, quality managers and heads of international patients of public and private hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 23. Results: The results of study showed a significant difference between the components of price, place, promotion and people in the two types of hospitals (P-value <0.05). While no significant difference was observed between other components (product, physical evidence and process) (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Providing the needs of medical tourists will increase their satisfaction. Therefore, paying attention to the effective factors in marketing and trying to solve the shortcomings of this field can be very effective in attracting health tourists and turning Iran into a medical tourist destination.
Olympic Sport is an important part of physical culture and sports movement at the international, national and regional levels. The achievements of athletes at the Olympic Games are the hallmark of ...the country and are of great importance for the formation of its image in the international arena. Track-and-field athletics is a leader in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in the number of athletes participating in the Olympic Games and in the number of Olympic medals won during the Olympic games from 1952 to 1988. The article studies the historical aspects of the development of this sport, which is of significant interest not only for the historiography of the physical culture and sports movement in Ukraine and the region, but also allows us to highlight the main factors that determine the effectiveness of training highly qualified athletes. The chronological scope of this study covers the period from 1922 to 1991, when Ukraine was the part of the USSR and the Olympic sports developed in the conditions of the tough competition among athletes from 15 union republics. During this period, the Russian Federation had an advantage in the development of Olympic sports, training experience of athletes from Ukraine and other Union Republics was of particular importance. According to this, preparation of Ukrainian and other Union Republic athletes is of great interest.
For many years, the concept of 'sustainable development' has been the subject of interest both in theory (variety of interpretations) and the broader social and economic life practice. It is also the ...subject of legislation - the principle of sustainable development is a constitutional norm in many countries. The focus is present in various international agreements and regulations of regional integration groups, such as the EU. Sustainability can be considered from various perspectives and approaches, including institutional. Institutions are becoming less of a condition than a factor in development processes. At the same time, institutions are characterised by relative permanence (mainly cultural elements and social norms) and variability at different times. Persistence is a problem of institutional equilibrium, while variability results from technical, technological and social conditions and development needs. This interweaving of endo and exogenous institutional factors underpins the institutional determinants of sustainable development characterised by a peculiar balance between environmental, economic and social values. It is also the increasing interconnection of local problems with global change. Dynamic economic changes result from many factors, including technological change - mainly digitisation and containerisation. Development dynamics require openness to new institutional arrangements. The institutional system contributes to the realisation of sustainable economic development mainly by improving the quality of institutions, a kind of approximation to the desired institutional pattern. This takes place at various levels of analysis, both on a global, regional, state scale and on the scale of a particular economic entity - mainly an enterprise. In doing so, the institutional matrix is supplemented by new institutions reconciling the requirements of efficient management with environmental goals and social inclusion processes.
This article is devoted to an analysis of the key characteristics of smart cities. It provides insight into the key features of urban development that allow for distinguishing between smart cities ...and conventional ones as well as taking these features into consideration for improving existing policy instruments for smart cities. The authors used an approach based on the overview of the evolution of the concept of smart city as such and the identification of key factors/drivers of the development of smart cities. The influence of these factors was assessed with respect to their importance across 13 studies aimed at building scenarios for urban development. A set of factors peculiar to the scenarios related to smart cities was applied to an analysis of policy documents determining the development of three cities of differing scales: a megacity (Moscow), a large city (Kazan), and a small city (Winterthur).
•Scenarios for urban development allow identifying key drivers relevant to smart cities.•Smart city drivers can significantly vary depending on the size of the city.•Strategies of smart cities can gain new knowledge from scenario-based approach.
Regional planning is a collaborative effort for policymaking, organizing, exploitation and optimal use of regional resources and potentials, in accordance with needs and priorities, to raise the ...living standards of regional people with the help of regional institutions and structures. This study aimed to identify driving factors in regional development of Ardabil province. The study was done in three stages. The first stage was obtaining information from high-level documents and obtaining the opinions of 30 experts by using Delphi survey technique. The main driving factors of development were investigated in 9 areas and 50 factors were identified. In the second stage, using the cross-impact matrix, the identified factors were scored and completed by 30 experts, senior experts and specialists who were well-informed about the province's development issues. In the third stage, by using MICMAC software, the most key effective factors in the regional development of this province were identified. The results showed that among the 50 main variables, 14 variables, which had the highest score, were the key variables driving regional development in Ardabil province. Drawing the attention of planners and executive agents of the province to main roads, changes in the management style of the province, the transit network, and reforming the planning of the province can enhance the prosperity of people in Ardabil province.
With the improvement in living standards, people’s demand for tourism has changed, and the form of tourism has developed from general sightseeing tourism to leisure tourism, vacation tourism, and so ...on. At the same time, the tourism market has also upgraded from price competition to service competition, from product diversification to model innovation. How to construct and improving the tourism industry system and promoting the development of the tourism industry is the key to the development of the regional economy. In light of the environmental changes faced by the development of the tourism economy, this paper discusses the main reasons for the development of the tourism economy in Japan.
