To explore how the multi-professional pediatric intensive care unit staff experienced the implementation of the diary.
Qualitative study using the implementation research approach.
Setting: a six-bed ...pediatric intensive care unit at a large Italian tertiary care pediatric hospital, treating patients with acute conditions from the Emergency Department or hospital wards.
Healthcare providers’ experiences of the implementation of the diaries. Data was collected by focus groups and interviews and thematic analysis was performed.
Three focus groups and four interviews with staff were conducted after the implementation of thediaries from August 2020 to June 2021. Staff describe an initial disbelief towards the effectiveness of diaries followed by an increasing perception of their relevance for parents’ emotional expression through shared narration. Diaries are reported as a beneficial communication tool between the family, the child, and health care providers, increasing staff understanding of parents’ experiences of their child’s admission and parents’ sense of the care received by their child. For staff, barriers for diary writing were logistics, lack of time, limited sense of ownership, fear of legal retaliation and fear of emotional labor.
Health care providers perceived diaries as beneficial for parents and the healthcare team, potentially supporting their partnership as recommended by Family Centered Care models. The enablers and barriers that emerged for diary writing can support the development of implementation strategies to prevent the reported challenges to diary writing in the healthcare team, enhancing their uptake in the pediatric intensive care unit setting.
•Daily diary study with focus on mindfulness and pro-environmental behavior (PEB).•Same-day relationships between mindfulness, personal norm & connectedness to nature.•Mindfulness predicted next-days ...PEB and well-being.•Mind-body practice was related positively to PEB and connectedness to nature.•Multilevel path model confirms a path from mindfulness to PEB.
The concept of mindfulness has been discussed as being a promising pathway to strenghten pro-environmental behavior, that is at the same time related to personal well-being. Several studies identified correlations between trait mindfulness and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and identified different mediators. To obtain better, fine-grained insights into this connection, the present study investigated mindfulness as a predictor of same-day connectedness to nature, personal ecological norm activation (PENA), PEB and well-being on a within-person level. In a daily diary study (N = 183, days = 1197), multilevel regression analysis showed: (i) positive same-day within-person relationships between mindfulness and PENA, connectedness to nature and well-being; (ii) a significant effect of mindfulness on next-day PEB; (iii) relationships between regular mind-body practices, such as mindfulness meditation, and daily PEB. Path analysis showed, (iv) a path from mindfulness to PEB mediated by connectedness to nature and PENA. The study confirms the significance of mindfulness in every-day life for connectedness to nature, PENA and well-being. Furthermore, the study points out the relevance of investigating predictors of PEB on a within-person level
Display omitted
•Trial simulations utilize a model of seizure count data to produce simulated placebo.•The model is able to replicate placebo response as seen in 23 actual RCTs.•The model is parsimonious, ...facilitating extensions.
: Changes in patient-reported seizure frequencies are the gold standard used to test efficacy of new treatments in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Recent analyses of patient seizure diary data suggest that the placebo response may be attributable to natural fluctuations in seizure frequency, though the evidence is incomplete. Here we develop a data-driven statistical model and assess the impact of the model on interpretation of placebo response.
A synthetic seizure diary generator matching statistical properties seen across multiple epilepsy diary datasets was constructed. The model was used to simulate the placebo arm of 5000 RCTs. A meta-analysis of 23 historical RCTs was compared to the simulations.
The placebo 50 %-responder rate (RR50) was 27.3 ± 3.6 % (simulated) and 21.1 ± 10.0 % (historical). The placebo median percent change (MPC) was 22.0 ± 6.0 % (simulated) and 16.7 ± 10.3 % (historical).
A statistical model of daily seizure count generation which incorporates quantities related to the natural fluctuations of seizure count data produces a placebo response comparable to those seen in historical RCTs. This model may be useful in better understanding the seizure count fluctuations seen in patients in other clinical settings.
Experimental manipulations of nostalgia that privilege positive aspects of the bittersweet emotion have led to the conclusion that nostalgia is a predominantly positive emotion, yet nostalgia ...covaries negatively with well-being in daily life. To reconcile this discrepancy, we developed and tested the bittersweet variation model of nostalgia that posits that (a) nostalgic feelings vary not only in intensity but also in valence (i.e., how bitter or sweet a nostalgic feeling is); (b) daily events influence the valence of nostalgic feelings; and (c) nostalgia's valence influences well-being. Across two daily diary studies (N = 151; 1,356 daily reports), we found that the valence of nostalgic feelings varied considerably within-persons. Daily positive events predicted more positively rated nostalgic feelings, whereas daily negative events predicted more negatively rated nostalgic feelings. Controlling for the effects of daily events on well-being, positive nostalgic feelings predicted greater well-being, whereas negative nostalgic feelings predicted lower well-being. To provide more robust causal evidence of the effect of nostalgia valence on well-being, we conducted two experiments (N = 445) in which we manipulated nostalgia valence by asking participants to write about positive nostalgic feelings (involving people they remain close to) or negative nostalgia feelings (involving people they no longer remain close to), mimicking typical nostalgic feelings in daily life. Positive nostalgic feelings improved well-being compared with negative nostalgic feelings. Thus, nostalgia is not inherently positive or negative. Rather, the effect of nostalgia on well-being depends on its valence, which is influenced by the eliciting event.
The pandemic diary on social media is a special form of online communication. Studying individual narratives in social networks during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods can help us generate ...valuable knowledge about the behaviors of media users and the function of social media in a public health crisis. This research focuses on psychological relief in virtual public spaces and explores how social media individual narratives affect people’s psychological health in a state of emergency from the perspective of narrative theory. Based on 19 in-depth interviews with Chinese diary writers, it has been found that the narrative genres of the pandemic diary were mainly Restitution and Quest narrative, while a few were categorized as “Restrained chaos” narrative. The purpose of editing pandemic diaries is to communicate both inwardly and outwardly. The pandemic diary can promote self-relief, public communication, emotional drive, meaning connection, and identity construction in public spaces, thus helping shape a sense of unity and belonging, and facilitating the psychological reconstruction of people who are vulnerable to potential mental health crises.
Conceptualization and assessment of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has evolved substantially in recent years. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, NSSI and its related variables have ...traditionally been assessed retrospectively, leading to less precise studies of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance, cessation, or aggravation of this behavior. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables real-time collection of patient states, which can be very useful in the study of the mechanisms implied in this behavior. This systematic review aims to elucidate the current status of EMA use in NSSI investigation. An exhaustive search in PubMed and PsycINFO was conducted up to September 2017. All papers included were focused on the study of NSSI using EMA. Studies with methodological diversity were included, which were afterwards organized according to main topic of studies. There were no ineligibility criteria based on age or diagnosis. Twenty-three papers were studied, the majority of which are short-term studies focused on the study of affect dynamics and the emotion-regulation function of NSSI. Implications of these results and recommendations for future research are discussed.
•The use of EMA in the study of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is scarce.•Short-term studies about the emotion-regulation function of NSSI are the fashion.•Long-term studies including adolescents and new variables should be a target.
The benefits of close relationships for mental and physical health are well documented. One of the mechanisms presumed to underlie these effects is social support, whereby close others provide ...practical and emotional assistance in times of need. Although there is no doubt that generalized perceptions of support availability are beneficial, research examining actual instances of support receipt has found unexpectedly mixed results. Receiving support sometimes has positive effects, but null or even negative effects are common. In this article, we review our multimethod program of research that seeks to understand and explain the costs of receiving social support. We focus on reductions in the recipient's sense of relationship equity and self‐efficacy as mechanisms of this effect and examine a number of other moderating factors. Although we have found that receiving support incurs costs on average, there is considerable variability yet to be explained. Using diary data from 312 persons preparing to take a challenging exam, we examined the potential of individual differences in neuroticism, agreeableness, and attachment insecurity to explain variability in experienced support costs. We close with new questions about why received support may be beneficial or benign in some situations while being especially toxic in others.
Although training in self-regulated learning (SRL) is effective in improving performance, human trainers can reach only a few people at a time. We developed a web-based training for potentially ...unlimited numbers of participants based on the process model of SRL by Schmitz and Wiese (2006). A prior study (Bellhäuser et al., 2016) observed positive effects on self-reported SRL and self-efficacy. In the present randomized controlled trial, we investigated an improved version of the web-based training, augmented by the application of peer feedback groups. Prospective university students in an online mathematics preparation course were assigned randomly to one of four experimental conditions: Group D (diary), group TD (training + diary), group TDP (training + diary + peer feedback group), and group C (control). Complete data was obtained for 136 participants (78.8% male;
= 19.8 years). The learning diary was intended to trigger goal setting, planning, and self-motivation in the morning and reflection in the evening. The web-based training consisted of three lessons (approximately 90 min each) with videos, presentations, self-tests, and exercises. In the peer feedback condition, participants were randomly assigned to groups of five persons each and used a bulletin board to discuss pre-defined topics related to the content of the web-based training. Outcome measures included a test of declarative SRL knowledge, an SRL questionnaire, a general self-efficacy scale, log file data, and a mathematics test. Results showed positive effects for the web-based training, particularly when combined with peer feedback on both SRL knowledge and SRL questionnaires, self-efficacy, and on objective time-investment, but not on the mathematics test. The learning diary did not exhibit positive effects. We conclude that additional peer-feedback seems to be a useful supplement to web-based trainings with comparably low organizational costs.
The present study examined daily ethnic/racial identity as a moderator for racial discrimination. The idiographic approach was used to understand when Black youth are at risk for negative outcomes in ...the context of racial discrimination. The current study assessed if within-person changes in racial centrality, private regard, and public regard moderated the daily relation between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms. Daily measures of racial discrimination, ethnic/racial identity, and depressive symptoms were administered to a sample of 103 Black adolescents for 2 weeks. The results suggest that neither racial centrality nor private regard moderated the same-day or lagged associations between daily racial discrimination experiences and daily depressive symptoms. Although low public regard fluctuations evidenced no moderation for the within-day relation, low public regard fluctuations exacerbated the lagged day relation between daily racial discrimination experiences and daily depressive symptoms. When Black youth experienced lower levels of public regard compared to their average levels, previous-day racial discrimination experiences were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. The results are discussed in the context of within-person changes in ethnic/racial identity.
•Accurately measuring household food waste is pivotal to quantify its issue, recognize drivers, and track progress.•Common food waste measurement methods are compared in a single setting.•All common ...measurement methods lead to inaccurate results.•Investing in better measurement methods is likely to pay off and reduce environmental, economic, and social costs.•Barriers to accurate food waste measurements need to be studied in isolation, assessed, and overcome.
The United Nations’ sustainable development goals call for a 50 % reduction in global household food waste by 2030, but an accurate measurement method to quantify household food waste has yet to be developed. In a field experiment with 359 households, this study compares standard food waste measurement methods (survey, diary, kitchen caddy) and assesses the barriers to accurate measures. Based on our experimental design, we derive a minimal estimate of food waste (ground truth) that allows us to examine and explain the differences in the results of these methods. The results suggest that physical waste measurement is the most accurate measurement method, as it evokes the least behavioral adaptations. However, this method is resource-intensive and not always feasible. We provide guidance on how to measure food waste based on the purpose of the measurement, including specific materials to use and reporting standards to follow.
Display omitted
PDF
