• Plant disease susceptibility is often increased by nitrogen (N) application. Therefore, it is important to know if resistance loci are effective in different plant N environments. • One-hundred ...lines of the Bala x Azucena rice (Oryza sativa) mapping population were grown in two N treatments and tested for partial resistance to blast (Magnaporthe grisea) isolate CD100. Disease severity (DS), the number and size of lesions and plant N and C concentrations were measured and the results subject to quantitative trait loci (QTL) and QTL x environment analysis. • There was a 66% higher plant N concentration in the high N treatment and DS increased significantly, mostly as a result of increased numbers of lesions. Nine regions contained QTL for disease traits but only one showed evidence of statistically significant QTL x treatment interaction. This was a large effect quantitative trait locus at marker R1933 on chromosome 12 which was less effective at high N. • Apparently, blast disease is increased by higher plant N, but the efficacy of partial resistance genes is not greatly affected by N application.
Around two decades have passed since higher education institutions began incorporating the internet as an alternative studying environment, together with frontal class teaching and learning. This ...kind of environment still poses meaningful challenges for students and teachers that take an active part in E-learning courses. Today it is quite clear that taking part in online courses requires new technological, behavioral, and thinking skills, in order to best handle and even successfully finish the course. Although technological skills are a must for taking part in an online course, a majority of students participating in these kinds of courses have arrived thus far without suitable prior computer experience or background, internet working skills, and internet based studies skills. This research tests the effects of teaching and pedagogical elements in academic e-courses on the change of intellectual thinking dispositions according to the dispositional theory of Perkins, Jay and Tishman (1993). The study tested the changes that occurred in the thinking dispositions of 285 students from the Department of Information Science and the Department of Political Studies at Bar Ilan University as a result of studying in an e-learning environment. In the course of the study asynchronous and synchronous courses, which are transferred fully through the web (except for one frontal orientation meeting), were tested. The quantitative data was collected using three questionnaires in three phases. In the first phase was a "pre-virtual course" questionnaire, which tested the seven thinking dispositions before taking an e-course. The second phase: at the end of each course a second questionnaire was distributed, which tested the seven thinking dispositions "post virtual course". The third questionnaire (post-part 2), also distributed at the end of the course, constituted the third phase and tested previous computer and internet knowledge and experience, further e-courses taken and the students' personal information. We found that in the e-courses there is an interactive system of relations between a number of elements that work together: the e-environment, study technologies, the teacher's activity and the teaching process and its elements. These components worked well together and brought on a change in the students' thinking dispositions in a functionally balanced and complete way. The study's results show that there is a significant statistical effect of studying in an e-environment on the changes of intellectual thinking dispositions in all seven thinking dispositions. This effect is evident in the pedagogical and technological elements of e-courses, in all seven thinking dispositions, in changing levels of positive power. The conclusions of the study show that studying in an e-environment online contributes to the change in thinking dispositions and, so, promotes intellectual thinking and behavioral patterns. (Contains 6 tables.)
This paper investigates shrimp small and median farms performance in Rio Grande do Norte in two steps. First, technical efficiency was estimated by nonparametric production frontiers, data ...envelopment analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH). As a second stage, after DEA and FDH analysis, the degree of inefficiency was explained by a statistical Tobit model, in terms of managerial indicators and localization. Average efficiencies were bigger for the extensive and semi-intensive production system. The results indicated that some managerial practices did not reduce the inefficiency. The localization affected inefficiency: producers within estuaries associated with the emissions of small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus were efficient, i.e., a best use of inputs can reduce environmental impacts.
The advent of the Internet and e-commerce in the mid-to-late 20th century, has been instrumental in changing the landscape of the business environment. This has led to new management approaches and ...practices, mediated by advances in technology that are revolutionizing the workplace and continue to impact organizational structures and strategies.
In this paper, we develop a taxonomy for IT and organizational theory from which we identify a pressing need for a conceptualisation of this rapid development in technology and its impact on organizational form. We introduce the concept of the e-environment to define the new and problem domain in which organizations are now operating as a consequence, particularly, of new technologies and the Internet. We explain how as the complexity of the technology increases, the ability to manage and appropriately exploit this e-environment under a traditional organizational form becomes more difficult. Currently, organizations are in the process of re-structuring to address this issue and facilitate continued strategic technological take-up to remain competitive. We posit the need for developing suitable organizational forms comprising both functional and technological specialists. We argue that the resulting forms are best explained by an extended model that can be seen as a composite of the existing forms. Finally, we present an executive reporting structure that will provide long-term top-level support for organizational decision making to manage the dynamic domain that is the e-environment.
Summary
•
Plant disease susceptibility is often increased by nitrogen (N) application. Therefore, it is important to know if resistance loci are effective in different plant N environments.
•
...One‐hundred lines of the Bala × Azucena rice (Oryza sativa) mapping population were grown in two N treatments and tested for partial resistance to blast (Magnaporthe grisea) isolate CD100. Disease severity (DS), the number and size of lesions and plant N and C concentrations were measured and the results subject to quantitative trait loci (QTL) and QTL × environment analysis.
•
There was a 66% higher plant N concentration in the high N treatment and DS increased significantly, mostly as a result of increased numbers of lesions. Nine regions contained QTL for disease traits but only one showed evidence of statistically significant QTL × treatment interaction. This was a large effect quantitative trait locus at marker R1933 on chromosome 12 which was less effective at high N.
•
Apparently, blast disease is increased by higher plant N, but the efficacy of partial resistance genes is not greatly affected by N application.
Planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) offer significant performance and cost saving advantages over other optical component technologies. However, the packaging of the PLCs has been a challenging task due ...to the stringent performance and reliability requirements posed by the telecommunication applications. In this paper, those requirements for the PLC-based optical components are outlined; how to use adhesives in the PLC packaging to address those requirements is discussed, such as using high-temperature adhesive to couple optical fibers to the PLCs and using low modulus adhesive to attach PLC die to the packaging case; detailed requirements to the adhesives for PLC packaging applications are listed. In addition, some results of the adhesives developed in our laboratory are presented. Those adhesives can warrant the packaged PLC devices meeting both performance and reliability requirements.
Zanimala nas je e-kompetencija roditelja kao ključnog partnera škola. Rad se bavi ulogom i važnošću informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije u školskom okruženju. Znamo da je process ...informatizacije postao jedna od najvažnijih aktivnosti modernoga svijeta, generator društvenog uspjeha i sredstvo integracije sa razvijenim svijetom. Za organizacije koje ne slijede globalne trendove informatizacije, nema budućnosti. Trenutno, u Sloveniji project e-edukacije napreduje. Njegov glavni cilj je ubrzati process informatizacije svake obrazovne institucije, ovisno o trenutnom stanju u njenoj upravi, obrazovanju i tehničkom području. Standardi e-kompetentne škole, učitelja, ravnatelja i računalnih stručnjaka u stalnom su razvoju. Proveli smo istraživanje u kojem smo provjerili e-kompetenciju roditelja studenata druge godine u domovima i njihova e-očekivanja od učeničkog doma. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 492 roditelja učenika koji žive u velikim učeničkim domovima u Sloveniji i pohađaju srednju školu. Rezultati pokazuju da roditelji koriste ICT tehnologije I očekuju da učenički domovi imaju mogućnost suradnje putem interneta. Kada bi učenički domovi organizirali ICT tečajeve, roditelji bi ih bili spremni pohađati.
Este artigo analisou a eficiência técnica de pequenos e médios produtores de camarão no Rio Grande do Norte em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram obtidos escores de eficiência por meio da estimação de ...fronteiras de produção não paramétricas DEA (Análise de Envoltória de Dados) e FDH (livre descarte). Em seguida, através da estimação de um modelo de regressão censoriada (Tobit) determinou-se a associação dos escores de eficiência com indicadores de gestão dos carcinicultores e a localização de suas fazendas. Os níveis de eficiência técnica foram mais altos para os sistemas de produção extensivo e semi-intensivo. Os resultados também revelaram que algumas práticas de gestão estão associadas aos escores de eficiência. Além disso, produtores localizados em estuários com menores níveis de emissões de nitrogênio e fósforo e, portanto, menos poluentes na média, obtiveram melhor eficiência técnica, ou seja, o melhor uso dos recursos de produção conecta-se a um menor impacto ambiental da atividade sobre os estuários do estado.
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