The negative externalities of air pollution constrain the transformation of the real economy. Identifying the intrinsic association between air pollution and enterprise digital transformation (EDT) ...under the wave of the digital economy can help realize the synergistic promotion of green development and the digitalization process. The paper examines the impact of air pollution on EDT by matching the data of listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China, from 2010 to 2019 with city-level air pollution data. This paper uncovers the following findings: First, air pollution significantly hinders EDT. This finding remains robust after accounting for endogeneity, strategic disclosure in enterprise annual reports, and sample self-selection. Second, the effect of air pollution on EDT is asymmetric at the enterprise, industry, and regional levels. Specifically, air pollution exerts a more pronounced dampening effect on EDT in state-owned enterprises, heavily polluting industries, and low-marketization regions. Third, air pollution dampens EDT by increasing economic policy uncertainty external to the enterprise, reducing its internal talent reserve, and crowding out its digital investments. Fourth, augmenting the size of government subsidies, promoting digital infrastructure construction, and strengthening digital financial development are effective ways to mitigate air pollution's impediments to EDT. Fifth, in the face of severe air pollution, aggressive digital transformation strategies adopted by enterprises can alleviate financing constraints and enhance enterprise value. This paper effectively identifies the cost of pollution in the digital era from an EDT perspective, providing important policy insights for advancing EDT under air pollution.
•Air pollution significantly hinders the EDT.•Rising EPU, declining EHCR and losing digital inputs are key mechanisms.•Heterogeneity exists at the enterprise, industry and regional levels.•GS, DI and DF have moderating effects.•Advancing EDT in air pollution mitigates FC and improves EV.
Sixty years after his death, the life and thought of the economist, John Maynard Keynes, continues to be a subject of the greatest interest to scholars. Yet one of the most significant areas of ...Keynes' thinking has been strangely overlooked - international relations, a subject that was always of central importance to him. The purpose of this book is to explore comprehensively, for the first time, the evolution of Keynes' thinking on international relations , and to show how this is linked to the changing of his opinions on economic matters, in a way which deepens our understanding of both. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/0198292368/toc.html
A social-economic phenomenon with a major impact on economies - tourism is unquestionably anchored to the life of the society with which it is in a direct relation of inter-conditionality. The ...COVID-19 pandemic has clearly demonstrated that specialized literature has not included so far public health among the determining factors affecting the tourist phenomenon, and implicitly the life of the society. Thus, nations have been able to assess the dramatic economic consequences of this pandemic generated by the Sars-CoV-2 virus for all the sectors for almost a year. This paper is considering the evaluation of the economic consequences that the pandemic generated in the HoReCa sector of the Romanian coast area. These negative consequences for the business environment have different intensities depending on the geographical areas and we will see that in the coastal area the statistics show a smaller decline.
Agricultural waste is a huge pool of untapped biomass resources that may even represent economic and environmental burdens. They can be converted into bioenergy and bio-based products by cascading ...conversion processes, within circular economy, and should be considered residual resources. Major challenges are discussed from a transdisciplinary perspective, focused on Europe situation. Environmental and economic consequences of agricultural residue management chains are difficult to assess due to their complexity, seasonality and regionality. Designing multi-criteria decision support tools, applicable at an early-stage of research, is discussed. Improvement of Anaerobic Digestion (AD), one of the most mature conversion technologies, is discussed from a technological point of view and waste feedstock geographical and seasonal variations. Using agricultural residual resources for producing high-value chemicals is a considerable challenge analysed here, taking into account innovative eco-efficient and cost-effective cascading conversion processes (bio-refinery concept). Moreover, the promotion of agricultural residues-based business is discussed through industrial ecology, to promote synergy, on a local basis, between different agricultural and industrial value chains. Finally, to facilitate a holistic approach and optimise materials and knowledge flows management, the connection of stakeholders is discussed to promote cross-sectorial collaboration and resource exchange at appropriate geographic scales.
In this paper, I review the literatures about Upper Echelons Theory. Specifically, I focus on the related theories, including agency theory, five-factor model, cognitive theory, and heterogeneity ...theory, and so on; and the economic influences of Upper Echelons Theory, including the corporate top management (team) and administrative officials. Prior studies show that corporate top management (team) characteristics has effect on corporate governance, information disclosure and tax avoidance, etc. Moreover, background such as education degree and major of administrative officials have significant effect on governance efficiency, and local firm decisions. Overall, this paper contributes to the further exploration of top management team.
The article examines the theoretical and practical effects of wars in the 21st century on the economy. The concept of “military economy” is highlighted. The dynamics of military expenditures are ...analyzed. The reasons behind and types of wars that have occurred in the past and are currently occurring are made clear. Emphasis is placed on studying the economic consequences of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The assessment of the potential of countries before the war testified and confirmed the aggressive goals of a large country that attacked a much smaller one. The war against Ukraine put the issue of preserving the independence of small countries on the agenda. The main focus of the essay is on examining the economic effects of the conflict, not just on the economies of the participating nations but also on the world economy. The instability of individual commodity markets, inflation, and migration became the main mechanisms of the war’s influence. As a result, the indicators of economic growth of many countries of the world are deteriorating. The raised questions actualize the task before the world community of finding new methods of solving the problems of wars.
Advances in machine learning (ML) are poised to transform numerous occupations and industries. This raises the question of which tasks will be most affected by ML. We apply the rubric evaluating task ...potential for ML in Brynjolfsson and Mitchell (2017) to build measures of “Suitability for Machine Learning” (SML) and apply it to 18,156 tasks in O*NET. We find that (i) ML affects different occupations than earlier automation waves; (ii) most occupations include at least some SML tasks; (iii) few occupations are fully automatable using ML; and (iv) realizing the potential of ML usually requires redesign of job task content.
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