The macroeconomic situation of a nation cannot be characterized just by the equilibrium conditions of its economy, but especially by the growth level and rate of the gross domestic product or the ...national, total income and per inhabitant. These are at the base to ensure the resources to raise the life standard of people, and for the overall progress of the country, for its honorable placement or framing in the national economy. The oscillations of the economic activities and the long term trend interweaved along centuries. Looked in a millenary retrospective by “L'Histoire” known magazine, they appear like: “while the brutal, short-term crises are well sighted, and the tri-decennial cycles have been defined by the Russian economist Kondratieff and are admitted, the long term movements are less known, those trends which make the succession of “The beautiful of the XIV century”, “The gloomy of the XVII century” and the XIX century, considered “grey”, the extraordinary of the XX century, the economics and economic historians are far from agreeing on the reality of these long movements, and if they admit them, they separate on their profound causes.”
Society is becoming more conscious on the need to preserve the environment. Sustainable development schemes have grown rapidly as a tool for managing, predicting and improving the growth path in ...different regions and economy sectors. We introduce a novel and simple mathematical model of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in order to obtain a dynamical description for each one of the sustainability components (economy, social development and environment conservation), together with their dependence with demographic dynamics. The main part in the modeling task is inspired by the works by Cobb, Douglas, Brander and Taylor. This is completed through some new insights by the authors. A model application is presented for three specific geographical rural regions in Caldas (Colombia).
The following research is a descriptive, observational, crosssectional study, where the economic impact on the family caring for an elder with a disability was studied. The families with elder adults ...hospitalized at the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR) with some type of physical disability were chosen. The following scales were applied: Family-social Assessment, Barthel Index and a modified questionnaire taken from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). The objectives were to determine the economic impact on the family caring for elder adults with a disability; to analyze income, physical and psychological conditions; and to identify the coverage that exists in health and pension plans. It was found that this population of study, females predominated (67.47%). 38.6% of the patients were between 71 and 80 years old. 99.4% of them had a physical disability. With regards to marital status, 45.2% were married and only 0.6% divorced; and it was observed that 56% of the population had a college degree. 61.4% of elder adults live with their family, and 21.7% of them pay rent. It is alarming to realize that 16.3% of them work, 7.8% are pensioners, 5.4% are retired and only one elderly patient (0.6%) was looking for employment. However, having an elder hospitalized with a disability significantly impacts on the family economy. The revenue needed to ensure a good quality of life in old age depends on factors such as age, health status, living arrangements and previous consumption patterns.
A presente pesquisa é um estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal, onde o impacto econômico foi estudado nas famílias que cuidam de idosos deficientes físicos; foram escolhidas famílias com idosos maiores de 60 anos, internados no Instituto Nacional de Reabilitação (INR), portadores de alguma deficiência física. Foram aplicadas as seguintes escalas: avaliação sócio-familiar, o índice Barthel, e um questionário modificado obtido através do Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Geografia (INEGI). O propósito deste artigo é determinar o impacto econômico que gera nas famílias o cuidado de idosos maiores de 60 anos portadores de alguma deficiência; analisar a renda, as condições físicas e psicológicas dos idosos e identificar a cobertura existente em matéria de saúde e alimentação. Nesta população, 67,47% foi do sexo feminino; 38% tinha ida de entre 71 e 80 anos, e 99,4% apresentava deficiência física. Com relação ao estado civil, 45,2% era casado, e, apenas 0,6%, divorciado. Além disso, observou-se que 56% da população tem diploma universitário. 61,4% dos idosos divide a casa com algum familiar e 21,7% paga aluguel. É alarmante saber que 16,3% trabalham; 7,8% recebe uma pensão; 5,4% é aposentado, e, apenas um paciente idoso, correspondente a 0,6%, está procurando trabalho. No entanto, ter um idoso portador de qualquer deficiência internado impacta de forma significativaa economia da família. A renda necessária para garantir uma boa qualidade de vida na velhice depende de fatores tais comoidade, estado de saúde, manutenção da residência, bem como dos padrões de consumo anteriores.
La siguiente investigación es un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, donde se estudió el impacto económico en la familia que cuida de un adulto mayor con discapacidad física; se eligieron familias con adultos mayores de 60 años atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación con discapacidad física. Se aplicaron las siguientes escalas: de valoración socio familiar, el Índice de Barthel y un cuestionario modificado tomado del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Los objetivos son determinar el impacto económico que genera en la familia el cuidado de los adultos mayores de 60 años con alguna discapacidad; analizar los ingresos económicos, las condiciones físicas y psicológicas de los adultos mayores; e identificar la cobertura que existe en materia de salud y de pensiones que los adultos mayores tienen. Los resultados fueron de la población el 67.47% fue del género femenino; el 38.6% tuvo una edad entre 71 y 80 años; el 99.4% presentó discapacidad física. Con respecto a su estado civil un 45.2% es casado y solo el 0.6% divorciado. Asimismo se observó que el 56% de la población cuenta con un grado académico. El 61.4% de los adultos mayores comparten la casa con algún familiar y el 21.7% pagan renta. Resulta alarmante saber que el 16.3% trabaja, el 7.8% es pensionado, el 5.4% es jubilado y solo un adulto mayor paciente, que corresponde al 0.6%, está en busca de empleo. Sin embargo tener un adulto mayor con cualquier tipo de discapacidad hospitalizado impacta de manera significativa en la economía familiar. Se concluyó que los ingresos necesarios para asegurar una buena calidad de vida en la vejez dependen de factores tales como la edad, el estado de salud, los arreglos de residencia así como de los patrones de consumo previos.
Environment education is an essential part of the educational process now days. The contemporary society is facing a crisis for over a period of years, and the near future does not show much chance ...of ending it. The issue of ecological crisis is mentioned along with the economical crisis, which the contemporary society faces, or is very close to facing it. Environment education has become incorporated into our teaching process just recently. The idea that the industrial systems should be under control of the living environment was not a part of theory or practice during most of the XX century. However, XXI century clearly shows that the issues of the living environment and the development cannot be separated, therefore the idea of substantial development has been developed in order to represent the sort of development needed to satisfy the needs of present times, and provide an idea for the future generations to satisfy their own needs. Without a proper environment education, a healthy environment would not exist as such. Every country strives for a better environment education. However, the environmental issues have not been dealt with by the politics of economical development. In many countries, the concept of the living environment is much younger than it is in our country, while the USA has developed its own agency for environment protection. Environment education is incorporated into the teaching process as an independent subject, depending on the age of students, including the extent to which ecological content is incorporated into the curriculum, taking into consideration the educational profile and the connection to science subjects and ecology.
Knowing, examining, ameliorating and developing the rural area, these are all activities of vital importance to a country, by the size of the rural area, expressed through the surface owned, as well ...as by the population weight occupied in productive activities, of socio-cultural services, of habitat and tourism. In the Report on the European Charter of the rural area, the board of agriculture and rural development of the European Council estimates that the rural area of Europe represents 85% of its total surface and affects, directly or indirectly, more than half of the European population. The rural Rumanian area also includes most of Romania’s surface, having, according to the statistics, a share of 93,7%. The importance of the rural area in Romania can be easily proved through the numerical stability of the rural population during 80 years. Thus, in the 20th century, in Romania, while the total of the country’s population grew by ten million of inhabitants, the rural population maintained, with little fluctuation, around the size of 10 to 12 million inhabitants. With all the rapid urbanization, as a result of the industrialization without precedent in the 21st century, considering the diminution of the occupied population in agriculture, sylviculture and pisciculture (without, however, diminishing also the rural population) and the diminution of the relative share of the agriculture in the internal gross profit, the importance of the rural area must not diminish, but on the contrary, needs to be more and more studied, examined and submitted to a complex development process. The share of the rural population and of the surface occupied by the rural area, as well as the importance of rural life to a country, turn the aspect of the rural development and management into a problem of high proportions and of both national and international importance.
The author points on necessity of transformation from dominating traditional knowledge sharing and conventional education system to the innovative one. Innovative education system is considered as a ...factor driving competitiveness of modern economy and sustaining its long-term development. The author indicates on different measures that can contribute to building up innovative education environment in high schools of Kazakhstan.
La finalidad es analizar y valorar la visión de una educación de "calidad" y en "competencias", encuadrada en una cultura de globalización económica. La proyección educativa debe focalizarse hacia la ...potenciación de personas capaces de esforzarse plenamente, (aprendizaje de calidad y en competencias), no para lograr resultados competitivos, con sus conflictivas consecuencias sino logros cooperativos, participados, en que todos ganemos. Superar como un producto negativo los aprendizajes competentes para ser competitivos. Generan menos desarrollo sostenible, menos justicia y solidaridad. Menos Derechos Humanos.
All transformations of our society are the product of the large use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and Internet. ICT are technologies which facilitate communication, processing, ...and transmission of information by electronic means. It is very important to use the new technologies to the correct value because this determinate an increase of global benefits. Portal provides a consistent way to select, evaluate, prioritize and plan the right information. In research we point the important costs and benefits for an informational portal. The portal for local administrative determinate for citizens the access to information of interest and on the other hand make easier for employer to manage the documents.
The Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) affect every activity and suppose changes in all domains: in administration (e-government), in business (electronic commerce), in education ...(long distance education), in culture (multimedia centers and virtual libraries) and in the manner of working (long distance working). Information and Communications Technologies facilitate communication, processing, and transmission of information by electronic means and this plays a capital role.
L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de démontrer qu’il existe de bonnes pratiques économiques et commerciales à adopter pour tout acteur souhaitant évoluer dans une relation entre la République ...populaire de Chine et les pays méditerranéens occidentaux. Afin de répondre aux attentes des parties-prenantes et de favoriser ainsi le développement économique territorial grâce au modèle proposé, ce travail de recherche met en avant, dans un premier temps, une analyse précise des échanges commerciaux et de la coopération économique entre la République populaire de Chine et les pays méditerranéens occidentaux désormais intégrés dans un contexte globalisé et mondialisé. Après cette étape d’observation, nous avons souhaité modéliser les processus liés au développement économique territorial à travers une grille de lecture issue de l’intégration transrégionale et centrée sur les relations entre la Chine et les pays méditerranéens occidentaux. C’est pourquoi notre question de recherche va tenter de démontrer quel est le modèle de développement économique territorial qui doit être mis en place entre la République populaire de Chine et les pays méditerranéens occidentaux dans une optique de posture de prospérité mutuelle « gagnante-gagnante »? Pour répondre à cette dernière, nous avons établi un modèle d’intégration transrégionale inspiré par la philosophie chinoise Yi Jing qui a pour avantage de prendre en compte tout autant le schéma de pensée occidental que la philosophie orientale dans ses approches. Cela permet de favoriser le développement économique territorial réciproque.
The objective of this research is to prove that good economical and commercial practices exist and that they can be adopted by any actor who aims to develop a relationship between the Popular Republic of China and the occidental mediterranean countries. In order to answer to the expectations of the stakeholders and thus to facilitate the economical and territorial development with the aid of the proposed model, this research work highlights, in a first step, a precise analysis of the commercial exchanges and the economical cooperation between the Popular Republic of China and the western mediterranean countries that are now integrated in a worldwide global context. After the observation step, we have wished to modelize the processes that are linked to the territorial economical development. We used a reading method which comes from the transregional integration and which is focused on the relations between China and the occidental mediterranean countries. This is the reason why our research question will try to prove which territorial and economical development model must be implemented between the Popular Republic of China and the occidental mediterranean countries in a vision of win-win mutual prosperity. In order to answer to this question, we have established a transregional integration model which is inspired by the Chinese philosophy Yi Jing. This philosophy has the advantage to take into account the western thinking scheme as well as the oriental philosophy. This allows the facilitation of the reciprocal territorial and economical development.
