Effect and prospects for durum wheat irrigation Nikolov, G. (Institut po Pamuka i Tv"rdata Pshenitsa, Chirpan (Bulgaria))
Selskostopanska Nauka (Bulgaria),
(1996), Letnik:
34, Številka:
2
Journal Article
The increase of grain yield produced as a result of irrigation maintaining an optimal regime 85 of maximal evapotranspiration, realized by an average rate of 129.7 mm for 14 years was 41.7, i.e. 28.3 ...in normal years, 50.5 in moderately dry years and 75.5 in dry years. Durum wheat has a more pronounced reaction to irrigation than soft wheat. In conditions of rational irrigation regime the effect of irrigation on it is 25.8 increased grain yield, while in soft wheat this increase is only 7.8. Taking into account its higher purchasing price, it seems more economically feasible to use the field rotation areas intended for wheat by sowing durum wheat in the regions where it is grown.
Technology for curing of Virginia tobacco Genchev, D; Ludnev, I. (Institut po Tyutyuna i Tyutyunevite Izdeliya, Plovdiv (Bulgaria))
B"lgarski Tyutyun (Bulgaria),
(1996), Letnik:
41, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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Príspevok prináša nový pohľad na problematiku efektívnosti terminálov, pričom cieľom je poukázanie na možnosti zvýšenia výkonov na modelovom príklade verejného terminálu intermodálnej prepravy Žilina ...– Teplička nad Váhom. Príspevok je zameraný na posudzovanie technológie obsluhy v termináli, čo predstavuje jeden z mnohých kvalitatívnych prístupov, ktorým možno sledovať efektívnosť terminálov.
V súčasnosti okrem technickej spoľahlivosti je veľmi dôležitou aj ekonomická stabilita a efektívnosť leteckých podnikov, resp. ich súčastí. Je v záujme každého prevádzkovateľa, aby jeho technické ...komplexy ako napr. ergatický bázový komplex boli nie len spoľahlivé, ale aj ekonomicky efektívne, čo nám pomáha si utvoriť celkovú predstavu nie len o kvalite jednotlivých prvkov, ale systému tj. podniku ako celku. Na stanovenie kvality práce so zložitými systémami možno použiť rôzne metódy. Navrhnutá metóda pri vyhodnotení využíva ukazovateľ efektívnosti skúšok spoľahlivosti, ktoré sú súčasťou zavádzania nových zložitých systémov do ergatického bázového komplexu, kedy výstupy skúšok vytvárajú vyčíslenú charakteristiku podľa ktorej je možné odhadnúť úroveň zhody medzi vynaloženými nákladmi a ich samotnou prevádzkou. Pri spracovávaní danej problematiky prostredníctvom MATLAB bolo nevyhnutné pracovať s optimalizáciou finančných nákladov na udržanie spoľahlivosti vyššie uvedených komplexov ako aj nepredvídaných nákladov prevádzkovateľa napr. letiskového bázového systému.
Procesné spojenie informačného systému lietadla a človeka (operátor-pilota) sa realizuje prenosom zadanej alebo novo vzniknutej udalosti so známymi súradnicami (x0, t0) do požadovanej pozície s0, so ...súradnicami (x,y,z) v čase t≥t0 s vopred známou presnosťou a bezpečnosťou. Výrobcovia leteckej techniky venujú značnú pozornosť zvyšovaniu bezpečnosti a presnosti, ako aj ekonomickej výhodnosti lietadlových navigačných ergatických systémov. Do pojmu bezpečnosť zahrňujeme aj pojem spoľahlivosť- miera bezporuchovej prevádzky navigačného ergatického systému, kedy je potrebné, aby istila lietadlový palubný systém v stave najvyššej úrovne bezpečnej prevádzky. Pojem spoľahlivosť je definovaný pravdepodobnosťou, ktorou sa hodnotí navigačný ergatický systém. Spoľahlivosť však nerieši problémy, čo sa stane, ak systém zlyhá. V takom prípade vstupuje do procesu ergatickej navigácie človek (operátor-pilot), ktorý spravidla rieši štatisticky vymedzené prípady, určené konvenčnými koeficientmi vzťahu: posádka - objekt (lietadlo). V článku je navrhnutý model nákladovosti využiteľný pri riešení vyššie uvedených vzťahov a zaistenia spoľahlivej činnosti navigačných ergatikých systémov.
Beyond the Marketlaunches a sociological investigation into economic efficiency. Prevailing economic theory, which explains efficiency using formalized rational choice models, often simplifies human ...behavior to the point of distortion. Jens Beckert finds such theory to be particularly weak in explaining such crucial forms of economic behavior as cooperation, innovation, and action under conditions of uncertainty--phenomena he identifies as the proper starting point for a sociology of economic action.
Beckert levels an enlightened critique at neoclassical economics, arguing that understanding efficiency requires looking well beyond the market to the social, cultural, political, and cognitive factors that influence the coordination of economic action. Beckert searches social theory for the components of an alternative theory of action, one that accounts for the social embedding of economic behavior. In Durkheim and Parsons he finds especially useful approaches to cooperation; in Luhmann, a way to understand how people act under highly contingent conditions; and in Giddens, an understanding of creative action and innovation. Together, these provide building blocks for a research program that will yield a theoretically sophisticated understanding of how economic processes are coordinated and the ways that markets are embedded in social, cultural, and cognitive structures.
Containing one of the most fully informed critiques of the neoclassical analysis of economic efficiency--as well as one of the most thoughtful blueprints for economic sociology--this book reclaims for sociology the study of one of the most important arenas of human action.
The issues of nutrition and fertilization of meadow phytocenosis with the emphasis on the production effectiveness and economic effectiveness were observed at the low, medium and high intensity of ...fertilization using artificial fertilizers. The obtained results are based on the research of valley meadows (series A), mountainous meadows (series B) and semi-natural and additionally sown and ploughed mountainous meadows (series C). In series A, in the observed period, the production effectiveness reached 14.93–23.76 kg of hay and the economic effectiveness reached 1.07–1.43 €. The higher production effectiveness and economic effectiveness are produced by doses of nutrients in the ratio N : P : K – 1 : 0.35 : 0.5. The highest production effectiveness and economic effectiveness were determined in variants fertilized by lower doses of artificial fertilizers (variants 7 and 12). The influence of PK and NPK nutrients on the production effectiveness and economic effectiveness of fertilization of different grasslands in different altitudes was observed in series B: the higher the altitude (from 350 to 850 meters above the sea level), the lower the indicators of production and economic effectiveness of artificial fertilizers. In series C, the loss of phosphoric and potassic nutrition is represented by higher inputs than outputs. Semi-natural grasslands and ploughed grasslands fertilized by medium and high intensity of NPK fertilizers (var.3–90 N kg*ha-1 + PK a var.4–180 N kg*ha-1 + PK) are economically effective.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of selected indicators in suckler cows breeds, their model quantification and comparison of optimal (recommended) parameters with achieved real ...natural-economic results in the monitored file of farms (n=5) in 2009. The average annual total costs in the monitored farms in 2009 were euro 769 (2.1 euro.F D.sup.-1) per a suckler cow and the average total costs for rearing of heifer till to calving at euro 1,362 per heifer. At the model natality of 65 calves, we estimated the total revenues for calves1000 (calves with the average daily weight gain 1,000 g.pc -1) at about euro 29,700 and for calves781 (calves with the average daily weight gain 781 g.p c.sup.-1) euro 24,024 (euro -5,676). For maximum model natality of 95 calves have been estimated revenues for calves1000 at about euro 49,500 and for calves781 euro 40,039 (euro -9,461). When the actually achieved natality in monitored farms is at average 78.98% (80%), we can estimate the average revenues for 60 realized calves1000 at euro 39,600 and by the calves781 at euro 32,031 (euro -7,569). Economic loss due to shortening the length of calves rearing for a month represents a decrease of potential revenues per a calf on average euro 72 respectively euro 56 (euro -16) per month reducing the length of calves rearing. For really achieved average daily weight gain of calves 781 g.p c.sup.-1, we can estimate the potential revenues per a weaned calf at euro 534 respectively for average daily weight gain 1,300 g.pc-1, revenues approximately euro 833 (euro -299). In terms of length of cow productive age, we estimated that if we reject cow after the third lactation, depreciation will be at euro 246 per year (0.67 euro.F D.sup.-1) respectively after eleven lactation at euro67 (0.18 euroF D.sup.-1) per year.
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