We are used to thinking about inequality within countries--about rich Americans versus poor Americans, for instance. But what about inequality between all citizens of the world? Worlds Apart ...addresses just how to measure global inequality among individuals, and shows that inequality is shaped by complex forces often working in different directions. Branko Milanovic, a top World Bank economist, analyzes income distribution worldwide using, for the first time, household survey data from more than 100 countries. He evenhandedly explains the main approaches to the problem, offers a more accurate way of measuring inequality among individuals, and discusses the relevant policies of first-world countries and nongovernmental organizations.
How can small cities make an impact in a globalizing world dominated by ‘world cities’ and urban development strategies aimed at increasing agglomeration? This book addresses the challenges of ...smaller cities trying to put themselves on the map, attract resources and initiate development. Placemaking has become an important tool for driving urban development that is sensitive to the needs of communities. This volume examines the development of creative placemaking practices that can help to link small cities to external networks, stimulate collaboration and help them make the most of the opportunities presented by the knowledge economy. The authors argue that the adoption of more strategic, holistic placemaking strategies that engage all stakeholders can be a successful alternative to copying bigger places. Drawing on a range of examples from around the world, they analyse small city development strategies and identify key success factors. This book focuses on the case of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, a small Dutch city that used cultural programming to link itself to global networks and stimulate economic, cultural, social and creative development. It advocates the use of cultural programming strategies as a more flexible alternative to traditional top-down planning approaches and as a means of avoiding copying the big city. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Knowing the structure and dynamics of the economy in an area is an important prerequisite for generating a good development strategy. The Shift-share method enables deeper insights into the dynamics ...of structural changes in the local economy and provides the opportunity to make a first assessment of the level of competitiveness of the overall local economy as well as the competitiveness of individual components or activities. An important advantage of this method is that it allows to distinguish the impact of different components on local growth (national component, mix-component and local component). This paper will analyze the long-term structural changes in the economy of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. In particular, the hypothesis on the monostructural characteristics of the County’s economy will be examined and differences in the competitiveness of individual sectors will be pointed out, which is the basis for long-term planning of structural changes through which a higher growth rate and employment can be ensured.
U radu se autori fokusiraju na lokalne i prekogranične migracijske procese u sjevernoj Dalmaciji i njihov utjecaj na razvoj vranskog feuda tijekom 17. i 18. stoljeća. Nakon kvalitativne analize ...demografske, crkvene i kartografske arhivske građe uspostavljena je veza između ekonomskih i okolišnih procesa i razvoja u nizinskome močvarnom pograničju, u odnosu spram prirodne osnove, geostrateške pozicije te komunikacijsko-komercijalnoga i (i)migracijskog potencijala prostora. U radu se pokušava odgovoriti i na pitanje je li se privatni pothvat melioracije posjeda obitelji Borelli pokazao ekonomski uspješnim ili pak avanturističkim eksperimentom u okolnostima neuspješne sesilizacije doseljenog stanovništva iz Bukovice. Pritom protomoderne lokalne migracije Morlaka rezultiraju njihovim angažmanom na isušivanju močvara i blata, uz već postojeću ulogu u obrani Novoga i Najnovijega mletačkog posjeda od eventualnih ponovnih osmanskih upada. Iako njihovo doseljavanje nema okolišni predznak, u konačnici su oni melioracijom izmijenili okoliš Kotara, usprkos činjenici da je ratarska ekonomska eksploatacija ostala nerazvijena, dok je prevladavajuće stočarenje na plodnoj i melioriranoj zemlji predstavljalo ekonomski neracionalno iskorištavanje zemlje. Način na koji je ravnokotarski kraj demografski, pa i ekonomski profitirao od redistribucija stanovništva iz zaleđa dio je odgovora na demografsku devastaciju izazvanu osmanskim ratovima početkom ranoga novog vijeka, pustošenjem te okolišnim pritiskom na močvarno zemljište nakon mletačke rekonkviste. Nizinski je okoliš izmijenjen melioriranjem zapuštenih vodotoka, čime je čovjek ponovno, prvi put nakon antike, intenzivnije zadirao u okoliš. Ishod toga ranonovovjekovnog sraza ekonomskih i okolišnih interesa na ograničenom prostoru vranskog feuda rezultirao je značajnim razlikama u kvaliteti i predznaku razvoja u kratkoročnoj u odnosu na dugoročnu perspektivu.
Djelovanje institucija pokazalo se iznimno važnim u ostvarenju gospodarskog rasta i razvoja nacionalnih gospodarstava. Osim toga, uočene neravnoteže unutar nacionalnog gospodarstva mogu se ...minimizirati zahvaljujući doprinosu institucija. Stoga je potrebno otkriti prilike i aktivnosti koje bi uz primjenu adekvatne institucionalne implementacije, mogle potaknuti razvoj određenog područja. U Republici Hrvatskoj postoji niska razina poticajnog okruženja za mala i srednja poduzeća kao jednog od pokretača gospodarstva. Osim toga, dijelovi Republike Hrvatske u kojima prevladava primarni sektor generalno su znatno manje razvijeni (primjerice, županije istočne Hrvatske). Stoga je cilj ovoga rada ispitati ulogu i važnost institucija u gospodarskomu razvoju. Također, cilj je otkriti i opisati institucionalne zapreke u promicanju malog i srednjeg poduzetništva te prikazati odabrane primjere promašene institucionalne promocije unutar primarnog sektora, kao gospodarske grane najzastupljenije u dijelovima Republike Hrvatske čiji je razvoj znatno niži od prosjeka ili čak najniži. U radu se pretežno koriste teorijske deskriptivne metode potkrijepljene dodatnim podacima kako bi se potvrdilo postojanje navedenih zapreka unutar malog i srednjeg poduzetništva te primarnog sektora.
The political instability affects the investment especially the foreign investment which has a close relationship with economic development. This paper investigates the mechanism of the economic ...influence of political risk through a case of China. The synthetic control methodwill be used to deal with the problem caused by the counterfactual analysis in the case study. The intense situation of the cross-Taiwan Strait relation has great influence on the economic development of Fujian province because of the closely geographic features and economic links. The empirical result reveals that there is an economic loss measured by GDP per capitain Fujian province as political risk increases. Furthermore, the mechanism is investigated. The result shows that FDI in Fujian province receives adverse impact correspondingly.
Ekonomski razvoj neostvariv je bez inovacija i poduzetništva. Kako su poduzeća u privatnom vlasništvu jedan od glavnih pokretača gospodarstva, otvaranjem radnih mjesta te rastom proizvodnje i ...potrošnje, može se reći da inovacije preko poduzetništva pokreću nacionalno, ali i svjetsko gospodarstvo. Istraživanje se provodi u svrhu dobivanja uvida u trenutno stanje u korelaciji – inovacije, poduzetništvo, ekonomski razvoj. Metode istraživanja korištene u ovome radu su povijesna metoda, deskriptivna metoda, istraživanje za stolom, metoda analize i sinteze te primarna kvantitativna metoda. Instrument istraživanja je anketni upitnik s ciljem prikupljanja podataka od poduzetnika o trendovima, problemima, najvećim ograničenjima i zadovoljstvu okruženjem u kojem posluju s aspekta razumijevanja i poticanja inovativnosti i kreativnosti u radu, radnim procesima i nastupu na tržištu. Primarnom istraživanju odazvalo se 129 ispitanika, poduzetnika s područja RH. Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja grafički su prikazani. Inovativnost je krucijalni element poduzetništva, stoga tvrtke moraju kontinuirano inovirati poslovanje kako bi izbjegle
stagnaciju i prestanak rada. Uzročno-posljedične veze inovacija, poduzetništva i ekonomskog razvoja potrebno je pomno analizirati i pratiti, uzimajući u obzir sve okolnosti u određenom trenutku. Na temelju toga moguće je uočiti razloge zastoja i padova u njihovoj korelaciji te ubuduće promptno reagirati. Poduzetnici su inovatori, razmišljaju drugačije, razmišljaju na način ostvarenja – efektivno. Inventivnost je najvrjedniji resurs svake tvrtke, stoga je bitno poticati kreativno razmišljanje i iznošenje ideja. Inovacije imaju direktan utjecaj na povećanje produktivnosti i porast konkurentnosti, a kontinuirano inoviranje poslovanja podrazumijeva stalnu prilagodbu i sposobnost snalaženja na konkurentnom tržištu. Inovativnost i poduzetništvo ključni su za ekonomski razvoj, te pružaju brojne mogućnosti i varijacije primjenjive svugdje.
The paper provides a definition of hypercomplexity and hypercomplex knowledge in knowledge-based economies and proves the hypothesis that development, application and expansion of new technological ...achievements have a direct impact on a country's economic growth.
Data collected from relevant databases for 110 world countries were used in the calculations. Data for other countries have not been published, which is a typical limitation in the application of such research methodology.
Developmental lags of the Republic of Croatia have been established by the method of transformation of variables in the analysed developmental indicators and their components, and proposals for their improvement have been provided. Taking into consideration the established effect of the increase in the Research Capacity Development Index, Technology and Innovation Efficiency Index, and the Ability to Absorb Knowledge and Technology Index on economic growth, Croatia needs to invest additional resources in the increase in human capital and labour productivity in order to reduce developmental lags.
This paper shows the theoretical framework and the review of empirical evidence of the effect that corruption has on the socio-economic development. The main goals of this paper are: to present the ...possible origins of corruption, and to analyze the existing models to eliminate or at least to reduce corruption in the society. In the paper, it is argued that anticorruption models should also include the strategy for the development of the institutional infrastructure that will change the perception of the members of the society about corruption as an unacceptable model of behavior. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
In order to solve the shortcomings of classical convergence analysis and spatial econometric analysis, this paper proposes a delta statistics method to assess economic growth convergence of central ...China cities. The result shows to be more close to the reality by analyzing the drawbacks of the classical relative beta convergence, combining the advantages of gams convergence, reference panel data, co-integration theory with the time factor into model. Then, Monte Carlo simulation method is used to analyze its distribution, which shows that it obeys to the normal distribution assumption in large samples. At last, our method is applied to the analysis of economic convergence of central China.
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