Zelena stjenica (Nezara viridula L., 1758) i smeđa mramorasta stjenica (Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855) su dominantne vrste kukaca iz porodice štitastih stjenica (Pentatomidae) na području Republike ...Hrvatske dok je ambrozija (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) invazivan i agresivan korov prisutan u čitavoj državi. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinkovitost suzbijanja odraslih stadija stjenica vodenim ekstraktom ambrozije. Istraživanje je provedeno u laboratorijskim uvjetima u rujnu 2021. godine u tri tretmana: vodeni ekstrakt ambrozije u koncentraciji 10%, azadiraktin (Ozoneem Trishul® -1%) i voda kao kontrola. Tretmani su postavljeni u četiri ponavljanja te je u pokus ukupno uključeno 240 odraslih jedinki stjenica. Svi tretmani pokazali su blagu toksičnost za ispitivane kukce. Vrsta H. halys bila je osjetljivija na tretman vodenog ekstrakta ambrozije u odnosu na vrstu N. viridula. Statistički značajne razlike mortaliteta odraslih stjenica između tretmana utvrđene su kod vrste H. halys 10 dana nakon tretiranja vodenim ekstraktom ambrozije. Budući da nije utvrđena visoka učinkovitost vodenog ekstrakta ambrozije na odraslim stadijima stjenica istraživanja je potrebno nastaviti i na ličinkama koje imaju viši stupanj osjetljivosti te uz vodene primijeniti i druge vrste biljnih ekstrakata.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as an abortifacient and to treat constipation, oedema, bacterial infections, cancer and diabetes. ...Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant showed the presence of large amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. Subsequent quantification showed the presence of 0.74% (m/m) phenolics (calculated as gallic acid) and 0.13% (m/m) flavonoids calculated as catechin equivalents per 100 g of fresh mass. The presence of phenolic compounds prompted us to evaluate its antioxidant activity. In the present study, methanolic fruit extract of C. colocynthis was screened to evaluate its freeradical scavenging effect. The highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability of the fruit extract was observed at a concentration of 2500 μg mL-1.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) je ljekovita biljka koja se tradicionalno upotrebljava kao abortiv i za liječenje konstipacije, edema, bakterijskih infekcija, karcinoma i dijabetesa. Preliminarno fitokemijsko pretraživanje ukazalo je na prisutnost velikih količina fenola i flavonoida. Udio fenola bio je 0,74% (preračunato na galnu kiselinu), a flavonoida 0,13% preračunato na ekvivalente katehina na 100 g svježe mase. Zbog prisutnosti fenolnih spojeva ispitivano je antioksidativno djelovanje i sposobnost hvatanja slobodnih radikala metanolnog ekstrakta plodova. Koncentracija 2500 μg mL-1 imala je najjači učinak.
Lisne uši (Insecta: Aphidoidea) pripadaju jednoj od najvažnijih skupina poljoprivrednih štetnika širom svijeta. Često uzrokuju ozbiljne, ekonomske probleme na različitim poljoprivrednim kulturama. ...Ponekad, zbog pojave rezistentnosti ovih kukaca na konvencionalna sredstva za zaštitu bilja zaštita je jako složena. Za razliku od kemijskih sredstava biljni ekstrakti pokazuju pozitivni učinak na okoliš, biološku raznolikost i ljudsko zdravlje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti učinkovitost različitih koncentracija vodenog i alkoholnog ekstrakta autohtonog (lokalni sortiment) i uvoznog češnjaka (Alium sativum L.) na šljivinu zelenu uš (Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr.). Pokus je obavljen u laboratorijskim uvjetima korištenjem Petrijevih posuda prethodno obloženih filter papirom na koji su postavljene lisne uši. U svaku Petrijevu posudu postavljeno je 15 jedinki. Vodeni i alkoholni ekstrakti su razrijeđeni u tri koncentracije (100%, 50% i 25%). Smrtnost kukaca je kontrolirana nakon 24 h i 48 h. Za izračun i korekciju mortaliteta korištena je Abott-ova formula. Statistički značajna razlika je uočena između tretmana i kontrole. Najveći učinak unutar 24 h je pokazao je 100 %-tni vodeni ekstrakt, kao i sve koncentracije alkoholnog ekstrakta. Najlošiji rezultat (9.99%) nakon 24 h je uočen kod 25%-tne vodene otopine. Nakon 48 h smrtnost je kod svih koncentracija bila veća od 75%.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether green tea extract has beneficial effect on gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. The investigation was conducted on thirty-two Wistar rats divided ...into four groups of 8 animals each. Control (C) group received normal saline. GT group received green tea extract orally, 300mg/kg. GM group received gentamicin intraperitoneally, 100mg/kg and GT+GM group received both gentamicin and green tea extract.
Histological sections of kidney in GM group revealed necrosis of proximal tubules, vacuolization of cytoplasm and massive mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in interstitium. Coadministration of green tea with gentamicin had renoprotective effect and showed only mild infiltrations, normal glomeruli and alleviated tubular degeneration. Analysis of biochemical parameters showed significantly higher urea and creatinine serum concentrations in GM group in comparison with C group and GT+GM group (p<0.001). Plasma lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA was significantly higher in GM group than those in C group (p<0.001), whereas the values for GT+GM group were significantly lower than MDA recorded for GM group (p<0.001).
Beneficial effects of green tea on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is explained through decrease of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.Our results indicate that green tea administration has nephroprotective effect on oxidative stress and acute renal failure caused by gentamicin.
Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da ispitamo efekat zelenog čaja na akutnu bubrežnu insuficijenciju uzrokovanu gentamicinom. Istraživanje smo sproveli na trideset dva pacova Wistar soja koje smo podelili u četiri grupe od po 8 životinja. Kontrolna (C) grupa primala je fiziološki rastvor. GT grupa je primala oralno ekstrakt zelenog čaja u dozi od 300 mg/kg. GM grupa primala je gentamicin intraperitonealno u dozi od 100 mg/kg, a GT+GM grupa primala je zajedno gentamicin i ekstrakt zelenog čaja.
Histološki preparati bubrega pacova GM grupe pokazali su nekrozu proksimalnih tubula, vakuolizaciju citoplazme i masivni mononuklearni zapaljenski infiltrat u intersticijumu. Istovremena primena zelenog čaja sa gentamicinom imala je renoprotektivni efekat i pokazala samo blage infiltrate, normalne glomerule i smanjenu degeneraciju tubula. Analiza biohemijskih parametara pokazala je statistički značajno povećanje koncentracije uree i kreatinina u GM grupi, u poređenju sa C grupom i GT+GM grupom (p<0,001). Biomarker lipidne peroksidacije u plazmi MDA bio je značajno viši u GM grupi u odnosu na C grupu (p<0,001), dok su njegove vrednosti u GT+GM grupi bile značajno niže u poređenju sa GM grupom (p<0,001).
Korisni efekti zelenog čaja na gentamicinom uzrokovanu nefrotoksičnost mogu se objasniti smanjenjem oksidativnog stresa i lipidne peroksidacije.
Naši rezultati ukazuju da primena zelenog čaja ima protektivni efekat na oksidativni stres i akutnu bubrežnu insuficijenciju uzrokovanu gentamicinom.
In 2008 the efficacy of three environmentally friendly substances against apple aphid (Aphis pomi) was tested. The selected substances were cinnamic acid and two plant extracts, namely glicolic ...extract of comfrey (Symphytum officinale) and fluid extract of marigold (Calendula officinalis). All of the substances were tested at 0.5, 1 and 5% concentrations. The individuals of apple aphids were collected in the organic orchard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana; 10 aphids were then transferred to an apple tree leaf, which was previously sprinkled with water, treated with selected substance and put in a Petri dish. The efficacy was assessed at 15, 20 and 25 °C with relative humidity being 75%. The mean corrected mortality rate was determined on the first, second and third day after treatment. In general all of the tested substances showed aphicidal properties, and the highest mean corrected mortality rates were determined on the third day at 25 °C. Only marigold extract exceeded a 50% aphicidal efficacy at 15 °C and at 5% concentration of the suspension used, while other treatments showed aphicidal efficacy between 4±4% (cinnamic acid, 15 °C, 0.5%) and 39%±12% (cinnamic acid, 25 °C, 1%). In general, the best mean efficacy (mean corrected mortality rate (15%±2)% of the substances tested was found at highest concentration.
V letu 2008 smo preučevali delovanje treh okoljsko sprejemljivih snovi za zatiranje zelene jablanove uši (Aphis pomi). Izbrane snovi so bile cimetna kislina, glikolni izvleček navadnega gabeza (Symphytum officinale) in tekoči izvleček vrtnega ognjiča (Calendula officinalis). Snovi smo preizkušali pri 0,5 %, 1 % in 5 % koncentraciji. Odrasle osebke zelene jablanove uši smo nabrali v ekološkem sadovnjaku Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Po 10 uši smo prenesli na liste jablan, ki so bili predhodno poškropljeni z vodo, jih tretirali z izbrano snovjo in jih položili v petrijevke. Učinkovitost smo ugotavljali pri treh temperaturah (15, 20 in 25 °C) in relativni zračni vlagi 75 %. Smrtnost osebkov smo ugotavljali prvi, drugi in tretji dan po aplikaciji snovi. Vse snovi so pokazale aficidno delovanje, največje vrednosti povprečne korigirane smrtnosti smo določili tretji dan poskusa pri 25 °C. Le pri 5 % koncentraciji izvlečka vrtnega ognjiča smo pri 15 °C presegli 50 % stopnjo smrtnosti preučevanih žuželk, medtem ko je bila ta vrednost pri ostalih obravnavanjih od 4 ± 4 % (cimetna kislina, 15 °C, 5 %) in 39 ± 12 % (cimetna kislina, 25 °C, 1 %). V poskusu je bila učinkovitost delovanja preučevanih substanc najboljša pri najvišji koncentraciji (5 %) - povprečna korigirana smrtnost (15 ± 2) %.
In this study, five compounds, lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and p-methoxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions of a ...methanolic extract of the stem bark of Delonix regia. Antimicrobial screening of the different extracts (15 μg mm-2) was conducted by the disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition demonstrated by the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane fractions ranged from 9-14 mm, 11-13 mm and 9-20 mm, respectively, compared to kanamycin standard with the zone of inhibition of 20-25 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.83 μg mL-1, while petroleum ether and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed LC50 of 14.94 and 3.29 μg mL-1, respectively, in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate with LC50 of 0.812 μg mL-1. This is the first report on compounds separation from D. regia, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity.
U radu je opisana izolacija pet sastojaka petroleterske i diklormetanske frakcije metanolnog ekstrakta kore biljke Delonix regia: lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) i p-metoksibenzaldehid (5). Nadalje, testirano je antimikrobno djelovanje različitih ekstrakata difuzijskom metodom na disku (15 μg mm-2). Zone inhibicije za sastojke topljive u petroleteru, tetraklormetanu i diklormetanu bile su 9-14 mm, 11-13 mm, odnosno 9-20 mm, dok je zona inhibicije standarda kanamicina bila 20-25 mm. U biološkom pokusu smrtnosti morskih kozica najveću toksičnost pokazali su spojevi topljivi u tetraklormetanu (LC50 = 0,83 μg mL-1), dok je topljivost sastojaka topljivih u petroleteru i diklormetanu bila LC50 14,94, odnosno 3,29 μg mL-1, a standarda vinkristin sulfata 0,812 μg mL-1. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izolaciji sastojaka, antimikrobnom djelovanju i citotoksičnosti biljke D. regia.
In this study, antibacterial effects of semi-parasitic plant common mistletoe (Viscum album L.), collected from different woody host, extracts on the tomato bacterial cancer and wilt disease agent ...Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pepper and tomato bacterial leaf spot disease agent Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and tomato bacterial leaf spot disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato were determined. The common mistletoe collected from pine, pear, acacia and mahaleb trees. The leaves and stems water extracts of common mistletoe were added to Nutrinet agar medium before autoclaving at the final concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The bacterial concentration was adjusted to 108 cfu/ml with spectrophotometer to within an 0.2 at 600 nm. Then, 100 µl of bacterial inoculums were spread over the extracts amended media plates. As a control group, pathogens were plated on the unamended media. The study was established in 3 repetitions and repeated 2 times. At the end of the incubation period, bacteria growing on all treated petri dishes were collected and their density was measured in a spectrophotometer. Based on the results of the study, 1% and 2.5% concentration of the extracts obtained from leaves and stems of common mistletoe collected from different trees were not effective on the bacteria tested, while 5% and 10% concentration of them inhibited the bacterial growth completely (100%). Also, it was observed that there wasn’t difference on the pathogens on the basis of the host where mistletoe was collected. According to the results of this study conducted under in vitro conditions, in vivo studies should be carried out with the common mistletoe extract, which is effective on the bacterial pathogens.
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