This study aims to determine the effects of extract obtained from giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea shells on the changes in chemical parameters of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus during 18 ...days of refrigerated storage. Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT was used for the comparison of antioxidant effects. The investigation of changes in fish during refrigerated storage indicated that lipid oxidation significantly increased P
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of grape seed extract (GSE) against benzene-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice.
Methods: The animals were ...randomly divided into six groups each containing six mice. Group I, treated with distilled water; Group II and III orally treated with 50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg body weight GSE, respectively. Group IV, orally treated with 250 mg/kg body weight benzene by using feeding cannula; Group V, orally treated with 50 mg/kg body weight GSE + 250 mg/kg body weight benzene; Group VI, orally treated with 150 mg/kg body weight GSE + 250 mg/kg of body weight benzene for 50 consecutive days. At the end of experimental period all mice were sacrificed; blood, liver and kidney tissues were removed after post-mortem examination. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels were analyzed from serum. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed from isolated tissues. And also histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues were investigated.
Results: Serum AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine levels were slightly increased in Group IV compared with the other tested groups (p<.05). Benzene-induced toxicity caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant rise in MDA levels of liver and kidney tissues. Oral treatment with GSE significantly ameliorated the indices of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by benzene. Both doses of GSE provided significant protection and the strongest effects were observed at the dose level of 150 mg/kg.
Conclusion: Consequently, it was found that GSE has a significant positive effect in benzeneinduced toxicity, and its GSE effect is dose dependent.
Bu çalışmada 7 farklı bitkiden (Achillea biserrata, Heracleum platytaenium, Humulus lupulus, Hyoscyamus niger, Phlomis pungens, Rhododendron ponticum, Salvia tomentosa) elde edilen bitki ...ekstraktlarının sera beyazsineği (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) üzerine olan kontak toksisiteleri, uzaklaştırıcı ve yumurta bırakmayı engelleyici etkileri araştırılmıştır. En yüksek kontakt toksisite % 79 ölüm oranı ile H. niger ekstraktında saptanmış bunu %74 ölüm oranı ile H. lupulus’un aktivitesi takip etmiştir. Kontak toksisite çalışmasının ikinci kısmında, H. niger ve H. lupulus ile 3. dönem nimf ve erginlere karşı doz-etki çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Doz-ölüm çalışmaları sonucunda H.niger bitki ekstraktının 3. dönem nimf için LC50 değeri % 6,65 bitki ekstrakt/aseton ve H. lupulus için LC50 değeri %8,09 bitki ekstrakt/aseton (w/v) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ergin dönemlerde LC50 değerleri H.niger için %6,64 bitki ekstrakt/aseton ve H. lupulus için %9,49 bitki ekstrakt/aseton olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca bitki ekstraktlarının (H. niger, H. lupulus) sera beyazsineği üzerindeki uzaklaştırıcı ve yumurta bırakmayı engelleyici etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Bitki ekstraktlarının uzaklaştırıcı etki denemelerinde test edilen ekstraktlar içerisinde en yüksek etki H. lupulus ekstraktında saptanmıştır. H. lupulus ekstraktının sera beyazsineğinin ovipozisyonunu önemli ölçüde engellediği saptanmıştır
The contact toxicity, repellent and anti-ovipositional effects of 7 plant extracts (Achillea biserrata, Heracleum platytaenium, Humulus lupulus, Hyoscyamus niger, Phlomis pungens, Rhododendron ponticum, Salvia tomentosa ) were tested on the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) under laboratory conditions. Hyoscyamus niger extract produced the greatest contact toxicity among the tested plant extracts with 79% mortality and it was followed by H. lupulus extract with 74% mortality. In the second part of the study, the dose response bioassays with H. niger and H. lupulus were carried out. The calculated LC50 values for 3. stage nymph were 6.65% plant extract /acetone (w/v) and 8.09% plant extract /acetone for respectively. LC50 values of H. niger and H. lupulus for adult stage were 6.64% and 9.49% respectively. Repellent and antiovipoisition effects of 2 plant extracts (H. niger , H. lupulus ) were also tested against the grennhouse whitefly. In the behavioral studies, H. lupulus extract was the most active among the tested plant extracts and it totally inhibited T. vaporariorum female egg laying in anti-oviposition study
There are many natural growth area in Turkey and utilizability is increasingly in different areas. Berry fruits involve several species such as grape (Vitis spp.), currant (Ribes spp.), rosehip (Rosa ...spp.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), raspberry (Rubus spp.), pomegranate (Punica spp.), blackberry (Rubus spp.), bilberry (Vaccinium spp.), mulberry (Morus spp.) and cornelian cherry (Cornus spp.). Berries are soft fruits that turn from red to blue or black. They contain a good source of vitamins and minerals, and they have various phytochemical compositions that relevant to consumer health. Different varieties of berries contain quite variable concentrations of ascorbic acid, folic acid, anthocyanin, flavonol, ellagitannins and many diversity of hydroxybenzoic acid. Berries have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticarcinogenic properties due to rich content of phytochemical. In this study, Antifungal effect of ethanol extracts obtained from strawberry, raspberry, pomegranate, blackberry, bilberry, mulberry and cornelian cherry against 7 different subspecies of Penicillium, 6 different subspecies of Aspergillus and Mucor racemosus, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium claudosporioides, Rhizopus nigricans species were determined by using disk diffusion method. As a result of the research; It was determined that 9 different samples had antifungal effect on 18 different mold species at various rate. The highest antifungal effect was observed with 24.65 milimeter zone diameter against Mucor racemosus in pomegranate peel extract. This value was followed by blackberry extract against Penicillium glaucum and Penicillium chrysogenum with 20.54 and 20.03 milimeter zone diameter, respectively. It was concluded that the lowest antifungal effect on mold species apart from Aspergillus flavus in blue bilberry extract.
Vegetables; in terms of vitamins, nutritional fiber, phenolic component and mineral matter has an important role in human nutrition. There are many species of purple-red vegetables, some of which are ...well-known, such as red beet (Beta vulgaris), black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef), black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger), purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra). Purple or red vegetables have higher antioxidant potential compared to other vegetables, which have many beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and liver protection. Each of vegetables which is black carrot, beetroot, black radish and purple cabbage contains p-coumaric acid, betaxanthin, ellagic acid and indole-3-carbinol respectively. In this study, Antifungal effect of ethanol extracts obtained from red beet, black carrot, black radish which are inner and peel part, purple cabbage against 7 different subspecies of Penicillium, 6 different subspecies of Aspergillus and Mucor racemosus, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium claudosporioides, Rhizopus nigricans species were determined by using disk diffusion method. As a consequence; it was determined that 7 different samples had antifungal effect on 18 different mold species at various rate. The highest antifungal effect was observed with 23.05±0.05 mm zone diameter against A. fumigatus in black radish inner part ethanol extract. This value was pursued by red beet inner part ethanol extract against M. racemosus with 21.44±0.12 mm zone diameter. It was concluded that the lowest antifungal effect on mold species except for P. citrinum, P. solitum and B. cinerea in purple cabbage extract.
Two different thyme species (Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum majorana L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) extracts were tested against pre-adult stage of Potato ...tuber moth-PTM (Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), which is an important quarantine pest. Each plant extracts prepared with ethanol were applied to larvae and eggs in three different concentrations 3%, 5 and 10 ml/L. In the egg treatments at the highest concentration (10% ml/L), inhibition rate was observed in Lavander and T. vulgaris 73.7%, in O. majorana 67.5% and in sage 66.2%, respectively. Results indicated that the mean number of hatching eggs were highly decreased as concentration increased, the highest decreased was observed with treated 10% concentration. of lavender and T. vulgaris. Observation were for 7 days. In the insecticidal toxicity study of against the larval stage, mortality were determined at the highest concentration (10% ml/L) in O. majorana 91.2%, Lavander 90%, T. vulgaris 87%, and Sage 83.7% at the end of 7th day. It was also determined that the larval mortality rate was higher with the increasing of extracts of 4 different plant depending on time. As a result, in this study, ovicidal toxicity of plant extracts was recorded against to on egg stage and it was that impact of insecticidal against to on larval stage also.
Bu çalışmada, Reseda lutea L. (Resedaceae), Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet. (Lamiaceae), Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. & Velen. (Lamiaceae), Chorispora purpurascens (Banks & Sol.) Eig ...(Brassicaceae), Isatis floribunda Boiss. ex Bornm. (Brassicaceae), Linum tenuifolium L. (Linaceae) bitkilerinden elde edilen methanol ekstraktlarının Tribolium confusum Duv. (Col.: Tenebrionidae) ve Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Col.: Bostrichidae) üzerindeki toksik etkileri laboratuvar koşullarında test edilmiştir. Bitkilerden elde edilen methanol ekstraktları zararlıların erginlerine micro-aplicator yardımıyla uygulanmıştır. Yapılan tek doz (%10 (w/v)) etki çalışması sonucunda T. confusum (%23,17) ve R. dominica (%18,35)‘ya karşı en yüksek kontakt toksisiteyi C. purpurascens bitkisinden elde edilen ekstrakt göstermiştir.
This study during the spring of 2014, effects of plant extract and oil mixture obtained from various plants added to the syrup given to the forces equalized bee on physiological characteristics of ...the colonies were examined. Bee colonies (10 colonies in each group) were randomly divided into two groups. When the first group feed syrup and plant extract oil mixture, at the same rate with feed syrup only test group to control group (1/1 sucrose-water) was applied. According to the research results, the plant extract-oil mixture was not effective on the number of frames and hive weight. The mixture although numerically increased the amount of brood rearing area, this effect was not statistically significant. However, provided statistically significant increase in honey production. We concluded that, while the plant extract-oil mixture tested is not effective in brood production, is effective on honey production.
Bu çalışmada, Marmara Bölgesinde ruminant beslenmesinde yoğun olarak kullanılan bazı kaba yemler, yem hammaddeleri ve karma yemlerin kimyasal kompozisyonları ile enerji değerleri tespit edilmiştir.
...Değerlendirme için ayçiçeği küspesi, arpa, buğday, yulaf, mısır, buğday kepeği, kuru ot, fiğ kuru otu, yonca kuru otu ile karma yem örnekleri toplanmıştır. Yem örnekleri kimyasal kompozisyonları için analiz edilmiştir. Yemlerin gaz üretim kapasiteleri, organik madde sindirilebilirliği ve enerji içerikleri Hohenheim Gaz Testi ile tespit edilmiştir. Yem örnekleri rumen sıvısıyla 24 saat inkubasyona bırakılmış ve net gaz üretimleri ölçülmüştür. Organik madde sindirilebilirlik değeri ve enerji içerikleri hesaplanmıştır.
Kaba yemler arasındaki kimyasal komposizyondaki değişiklik,ham protein için % 3,23 ile % 20,89; ham selüloz için % 21,75 ile 50,16 ve ham yağ için % 0,15 ile 4.61 olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Tane yemlerden arpa, buğday, mısır ve yulafın ham protein değerleri % 9,26 ile % 12,30; ham selüloz % 4,11 ile % 11,66; ham yağ % 1,72 ile % 4,49 arasında bulunmuştur. Karma yemlerden süt yemi ile besi yeminin ham protein değeri % 13,66 - % 21,91; ham selüloz oranı % 3,48 - % 13,18; ham yağ % 2,09 - % 6,60 aralığında değişmiştir. Net gaz üretim miktarı kaba yemlerde 12,38- 52,54 ml/200 mg KM olarak bulunurken ME ve NEL değerleri
de sırasıyla 3,07 ile 10,22 MJ/kg KM, ve 1,08 ve 6,24 M J/kg KM hesaplanmıştır. Yulaf, arpa, buğday ve mısırın ortalama gaz üretim miktarı, 59,20; 63,54; 68,00; ve 67,94 ml/200 mg KM olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mısır, buğday, arpa ve yulafın ME değerleri, 13,08; 12,99; 12,45; 12,10 MJ/kg KM, NEL değerleri ise sırasıyla 8,30; 8,25; 7,84 ve 7,55 MJ/kg KM olarak hesaplanmıştır. Besi yemi ile süt yeminin net gaz üretimi 51,48 ile 51,59 ml/200 mg KM iken, besi yeminin ME ve NEL değerleri, 9,23 - 12,99 ve 5,43 -8,20 MJ/kg KM, süt yeminin ise 9,74 - 12,67; 5,76 - 7,89 MJ/kg KM hesaplanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada Marmara Bölgesinde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen ve üretilen yem maddelerinin besin maddeleri kompozisyonu ile enerji değerleri tespit edilerek tablo haline getirilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar bu yem maddelerinin besin değerlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması ve ruminant beslenmesinde temel bilgilerin sağlanmasında bize yardımcı olacaktır.
In this study, chemical composition and energy values of some forages, raw materials and commercial feeds commonly used in the Marmara Region for ruminants were determined. Samples of sunflower meal, barley, wheat, oat, corn, wheat bran, grass hay, vetch hay, alfalfa hay and compound feeds were collected for evaluation.
The samples of feed were analyzed for their chemical composition. Gas production capacity, in vitro organic matter digestibility and energy values of feeds were studied by Hohenheim Gas Test. The feed samples were incubated with rumen liquor for 24 hours and net gas production was computed. Digestibility values of organic matter and energy content were calculated.
Variation in the chemical compositions was observed among forages at 3.23% to 20.89% for crude protein, 21.75% to 50.16% for crude fiber, 0.15% to 4.61% for ether extracts. In grains, crude protein ranged from 9.26% to 12.3%, crude fiber from 4.11% to 11.66%, and ether extract from 1.72% to 4.49%. The values of crude protein, crude fiber and ether extract in commercial dairy cows and beef cattle feed varied between 13.66% and 21.91%, 3.48% and 13.18%, and 2.09% and 6.60%, respectively. Net gas production value of forages was found between 12.38 and 52.54 ml/200 mg DM. ME and NEL contents of forages ranged from 3.07 to 10.22 MJ/kg DM and from 1.08 to 6.24 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The average gas production of oat, barley, wheat and corn was 59.20, 63.59, 68.00 and 67.94 ml/200 mg DM. Calculated ME and NEL values of corn, wheat, barley and oat by in vitro gas production were 13.08, 12.99, 12.45 and 12.10 MJ/kg DM and 8.30, 8.25, 7.84 and 7.55 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Net gas production of beef cattle feed and dairy feed was 51.48 ml/200 mg DM and 51.59 ml/200 mg DM. ME and NEL values of these feeds were 9.23-12.99 and 5.43-8.20 MJ/kg DM for beef cattle and 9.74-12.67 and 5.76-7.89 MJ/kg DM for dairy cattle feed.
In this study, the nutrient composition and energy values of feedstuffs commonly grown or produced in the Marmara Region were tabulated. The results should help us better understand the nutrition potential of such feedstuffs and provide basic information in ruminant feeding.
Effect of feeding supplemental tallow on the performance of lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes Nawaz, H., University of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faisalabad (Pakistan); Yaqoob, M., University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Div. of Livestock Management; Abdullah, M., University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Pakistan)
Turkish journal of veterinary & animal sciences,
01/2007, Letnik:
31, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In order to determine the feeding value of tallow for lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, 4 buffaloes were fed 0%, 2%, 4%, or 6% tallow in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The intakes of dry matter (DM), ...organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased (P < 0.01), but the intakes of ether extract (EE) (P < 0.01) and digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.05) increased with increasing levels of tallow in the diets. Intake of net energy for lactation (NEL) did not differ (P< 0.01) with varying levels of supplemental tallow. Daily milk yield increased (P < 0.01) from 11.00 to 13.2 kg/day. Production of 4% fat corrected milk (FCM), solid corrected milk (SCM), and energy corrected milk (ECM) increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increasing level of tallow in the diets. Milk fat content and total milk fat increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05), respectively, as the level of tallow in the diet increased. There was no difference in protein and lactose content due to feeding tallow. Total solid content increased quadratically (P < 0.05) from 16.45% to 17.67% but solid not fat (SNF) percentages did not vary with varying levels of tallow. The gross energy (GE) of the milk increased from 1096 to 1160 Kcal/kg (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of tallow in the diets. Energetic efficiency of milk production improved in a quadratic (P < 0.05) manner with 2%, 4%, and 6% tallow, with the highest being 47.6% with 4% supplemental tallow. The proportion of C8:0 to C16:1 fatty acids (FA) decreased from 53.66% to 35.52%, whereas the concentration of C18:0 to C20:0 increased (44.93% to 62.84%) in the milk fat of buffaloes fed diets containing different levels of tallow. Gains in body weight (BW) were higher (P < 0.05) in buffaloes fed diets containing supplemental tallow as compared to those fed the control diet. This study suggests that tallow up to 6% of diet DM is a suitable fat supplement as an economical energy source for lactating buffaloes.
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