This is an Open Access book. This book based on static indicators and dynamic big data from local electric vehicles, is the first New-Energy Vehicles (NEVs) research report on the Big Data in China. ...Using the real-time big data collected by China's National Monitoring and Management Platform for NEVs, this book delves into the main annual technological progress of NEVs, the vehicle operating characteristics, it also anticipates the trend of NEVs industry. Various graphs & charts, detailed data this book offers will familiarize readers with the operation characteristics and practical application of China's NEVs industry and popularize the concept of automobile electrification. Besides, this book also makes an objective evaluation of the current situation and technological improvement of China's NEVs industry, presenting sensible suggestions for the development of the industry. This book is written for government staff, researchers, college staff, and technical staff of automobile and spare parts enterprises, which serves as an important reference for the decision-making of government departments and strategic decisions of automotive companies.
Electric powertrain Hayes, John G; Goodarzi, G. Abas
2018/01/01, 2018, 2017-11-13
eBook
The why, what and how of the electric vehicle powertrain Empowers engineering professionals and students with the knowledge and skills required to engineer electric vehicle powertrain architectures, ...energy storage systems, power electronics converters and electric drives.The modern electric powertrain is relatively new for the automotive industry, and engineers are challenged with designing affordable, efficient and high-performance electric powertrains as the industry undergoes a technological evolution. Co-authored by two electric vehicle (EV) engineers with decades of experience designing and putting into production all of the powertrain technologies presented, this book provides readers with the hands-on knowledge, skills and expertise they need to rise to that challenge. This four-part practical guide provides a comprehensive review of battery, hybrid and fuel cell EV systems and the associated energy sources, power electronics, machines, and drives. The first part of the book begins with a historical overview of electromobility and the related environmental impacts motivating the development of the electric powertrain. Vehicular requirements for electromechanical propulsion are then presented. Battery electric vehicles (BEV), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), and conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are then described, contrasted and compared for vehicle propulsion. The second part of the book features in-depth analysis of the electric powertrain traction machines, with a particular focus on the induction machine and the surface- and interior-permanent magnet ac machines. The brushed dc machine is also considered due to its ease of operation and understanding, and its historical place, especially as the traction machine on NASA's Mars rovers. The third part of the book features the theory and applications for the propulsion, charging, accessory, and auxiliary power electronics converters. Chapters are presented on isolated and non-isolated dc-dc converters, traction inverters, and battery charging. The fourth part presents the introductory and applied electromagnetism required as a foundation throughout the book. - Introduces and holistically integrates the key EV powertrain technologies. - Provides a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging automotive solutions. - Provides experience-based expertise for vehicular and powertrain system and sub-system level study, design, and optimization. - Presents many examples of powertrain technologies from leading manufacturers. - Discusses the dc traction machines of the Mars rovers, the ultimate EVs from NASA. - Investigates the environmental motivating factors and impacts of electromobility. - Presents a structured university teaching stream from introductory undergraduate to postgraduate. - Includes real-world problems and assignments of use to design engineers, researchers, and students alike. - Features a companion website with numerous references, problems, solutions, and practical assignments. - Includes introductory material throughout the book for the general scientific reader. - Contains essential reading for government regulators and policy makers. Electric Powertrain: Energy Systems, Power Electronics and Drives for Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles is an important professional resource for practitioners and researchers in the battery, hybrid, and fuel cell EV transportation industry. The book is a structured holistic textbook for the teaching of the fundamental theories and applications of energy sources, power electronics, and electric machines and drives to engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students. Textbook Structure and Suggested Teaching Curriculum This is primarily an engineering textbook covering the automotive powertrain, energy storage and energy conversion, power electronics, and electrical machines. A significant additional focus is placed on the engineering design, the energy for transportation, and the related environmental impacts. This textbook is an educational tool for practicing engineers and others, such as transportation policy planners and regulators. The modern automobile is used as the vehicle upon which to base the theory and applications, which makes the book a useful educational reference for our industry colleagues, from chemists to engineers. This material is also written to be of interest to the general reader, who may have little or no interest in the power electronics and machines. Introductory science, mathematics, and an inquiring mind suffice for some chapters. The general reader can read the introduction to each of the chapters and move to the next as soon as the material gets too advanced for him or her. Part I Vehicles and Energy Sources Chapter 1 Electromobility and the Environment Chapter 2 Vehicle Dynamics Chapter 3 Batteries Chapter 4 Fuel Cells Chapter 5 Conventional and Hybrid Powertrains Part II Electrical Machines Chapter 6 Introduction to Traction Machines Chapter 7 The Brushed DC Machine Chapter 8 Induction Machines Chapter 9 Surface-permanent-magnet AC Machines Chapter 10: Interior-permanent-magnet AC Machines Part III Power Electronics Chapter 11 DC-DC Converters Chapter 12 Isolated DC-DC Converters Chapter 13 Traction Drives and Three-phase InvertersChapter 14 Battery Charging Chapter 15 Control of the Electric Drive Part IV Basics Chapter 16 Introduction to Electromagnetism, Ferromagnetism, and Electromechanical Energy Conversion The first third of the book (Chapters 1 to 6), plus parts of Chapters 14 and 16, can be taught to the general science or engineering student in the second or third year. It covers the introductory automotive material using basic concepts from mechanical, electrical, environmental, and electrochemical engineering. Chapter 14 on electrical charging and Chapter 16 on electromagnetism can also be used as a general introduction to electrical engineering. The basics of electromagnetism, ferromagnetism and electromechanical energy conversion (Chapter 16) and dc machines (Chapter 7) can be taught to second year (sophomore) engineering students who have completed introductory electrical circuits and physics. The third year (junior) students typically have covered ac circuit analysis, and so they can cover ac machines, such as the induction machine (Chapter 8) and the surface permanent-magnet ac machine (Chapter 9). As the students typically have studied control theory, they can investigate the control of the speed and torque loops of the motor drive (Chapter 15). Power electronics, featuring non-isolated buck and boost converters (Chapter 11), can also be introduced in the third year. The final-year (senior) students can then go on to cover the more advanced technologies of the interior-permanent-magnet ac machine (Chapter 10). Isolated power converters (Chapter 12), such as the full-bridge and resonant converters, inverters (Chapter 13), and power-factor-corrected battery chargers (Chapter 14), are covered in the power electronics section. This material can also be covered at the introductory postgraduate level. Various homework, simulation, and research exercises are presented throughout the textbook. The reader is encouraged to attempt these exercises as part of the learning experience. Instructors are encouraged to contact the author, John Hayes , direct to discuss course content or structure.
<p>This timely and comprehensive reference consolidates the research and development of electric vehicle machines and drives for electric and hybrid propulsions. It covers an extensive range of ...drives and machine systems that being with existing typologies before progressing to more advanced versions. To aid students and engineers, emphasis is given to design criteria, performance analyses, and application examples or potentials so as to highlight the practical aspects of machine design.</p> <p>&bull; Covers the major technologies in the area as well as fundamental concepts and applications</p> <p>&bull; Range of motor drives for electric propulsion includes DC, induction, permanent magnet brushless and switched reluctance, as well as stator-permanent magnet, magnetic-geared, vernier-permanent magnet, and advanced magnetless motor drives</p> <p>&bull; Extensive discussion of machine systems for hybrid propulsion like the integrated-starter-generator and planetary-geared electric variable transmission systems, as well as the double-rotor electric variable transmission systems and magnetic-geared electric variable transmission systems</p> <p>&bull; Accompanying website features presentation or lecture slides to enhance teaching and learning</p> <p><i>Electric Vehicle Machines and Drives: Design, Analysis, and Application</i> is a handy and comprehensive text for graduate students of electrical engineering, as well as researchers and engineers working on electric vehicles.</p>
The electric vehicle offers many promises-increasing U.S. energy security by reducing petroleum dependence, contributing to climate-change initiatives by decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, ...stimulating long-term economic growth through the development of new technologies and industries, and improving public health by improving local air quality. There are, however, substantial technical, social, and economic barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles, including vehicle cost, small driving range, long charging times, and the need for a charging infrastructure. In addition, people are unfamiliar with electric vehicles, are uncertain about their costs and benefits, and have diverse needs that current electric vehicles might not meet. Although a person might derive some personal benefits from ownership, the costs of achieving the social benefits, such as reduced GHG emissions, are borne largely by the people who purchase the vehicles. Given the recognized barriers to electric-vehicle adoption, Congress asked the Department of Energy (DOE) to commission a study by the National Academies to address market barriers that are slowing the purchase of electric vehicles and hindering the deployment of supporting infrastructure. As a result of the request, the National Research Council (NRC)-a part of the National Academies-appointed the Committee on Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment.
This committee documented their findings in two reports-a short interim report focused on near-term options, and a final comprehensive report. Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment fulfills the request for the short interim report that addresses specifically the following issues: infrastructure needs for electric vehicles, barriers to deploying the infrastructure, and possible roles of the federal government in overcoming the barriers. This report also includes an initial discussion of the pros and cons of the possible roles. This interim report does not address the committee's full statement of task and does not offer any recommendations because the committee is still in its early stages of data-gathering. The committee will continue to gather and review information and conduct analyses through late spring 2014 and will issue its final report in late summer 2014.
Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment focuses on the light-duty vehicle sector in the United States and restricts its discussion of electric vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), which include battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The common feature of these vehicles is that their batteries are charged by being plugged into the electric grid. BEVs differ from PHEVs because they operate solely on electricity stored in a battery (that is, there is no other power source); PHEVs have internal combustion engines that can supplement the electric power train. Although this report considers PEVs generally, the committee recognizes that there are fundamental differences between PHEVs and BEVs.
This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of ...these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, switching frequency, electromagnetic interference (EMI), losses, effectiveness, reliability and cost. This paper also evaluates the architecture, merits and demerits of converter topologies (AC-DC and DC-DC) for Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs). On the basis of this analysis, it has found that the Multidevice Interleaved DC-DC Bidirectional Converter (MDIBC) is the most suitable topology for high-power BEVs and PHEVs (> 10kW), thanks to its low input current ripples, low output voltage ripples, low electromagnetic interference, bidirectionality, high efficiency and high reliability. In contrast, for low-power electric vehicles (<10 kW), it is tough to recommend a single candidate that is the best in all possible aspects. However, the Sinusoidal Amplitude Converter, the Z-Source DC-DC converter and the boost DC-DC converter with resonant circuit are more suitable for low-power BEVs and PHEVs because of their soft switching, noise-free operation, low switching loss and high efficiency. Finally, this paper explores the opportunity of using wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) in DC-DC converters for BEVs, PHEVs and converters for FCHARs. Specifically, the future roadmap of research for WBGSs, modeling of emerging topologies and design techniques of the control system for BEV and PHEV powertrains are also presented in detail, which will certainly help researchers and solution engineers of automotive industries to select the suitable converter topology to achieve the growth of projected power density.
Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. Major automakers plan to commercialize their first models soon, while Israel and Denmark have ambitious plans to electrify large portions of their vehicle ...fleets. No technology has greater potential to end the United States' crippling dependence on oil, which leaves the nation vulnerable to price shocks, supply disruptions, environmental degradation, and national security threats including terrorism. What does the future hold for this critical technology, and what should the U.S. government do to promote it? Hybrid vehicles now number more than one million on America's roads, and they are in high demand from consumers. The next major technological step is the plug-in electric vehicle. It combines an internal combustion engine and electric motor, just as hybrids do. But unlike their precursors, PEVs can be recharged from standard electric outlets, meaning the vehicles would no longer be dependent on oil. Widespread growth in the use of PEVs would dramatically reduce oil dependence, cut driving costs and reduce pollution from vehicles. National security would be enhanced, as reduced oil dependence decreases the leverage and resources of petroleum exporters. Brookings fellow David Sandalow heads up an authoritative team of experts including former government officials, private-sector analysts, academic experts, and nongovernmental advocates. Together they explain the current landscape for PEVs: the technology, the economics, and the implications for national security and the environment. They examine how the national interest could be served by federal promotion and investment in PEVs. For example, can tax or procurement policy advance the cause of PEVs? Should the public sector contribute to greater research and development? Should the government insist on PEVs to replenish its huge fleet of official vehicles? Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. But how soon, in what numbers, and to what effect? Federal policies in the years ahead will go a long way toward answering those questions. David Sandalow and his colleagues examine what could be done in that regard, as well as what should be done.
<p>From mobile, cable-free re-charging of electric vehicles, smart phones and laptops to collecting solar electricity from orbiting solar farms, wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies offer ...consumers and society enormous benefits. Written by innovators in the field, this comprehensive resource explains the fundamental principles and latest advances in WPT and illustrates key applications of this emergent technology.</p> <p>Key features and coverage include:</p> <ul> <li>The fundamental principles of WPT to practical applications on dynamic charging and static charging of EVs and smartphones.</li> <li>Theories for inductive power transfer (IPT) such as the coupled inductor model, gyrator circuit model, and magnetic mirror model.</li> <li>IPTs for road powered EVs, including controller, compensation circuit, electro-magnetic field cancel, large tolerance, power rail segmentation, and foreign object detection.</li> <li>IPTs for static charging for EVs and large tolerance and capacitive charging issues, as well as IPT mobile applications such as free space omnidirectional IPT by dipole coils and 2D IPT for robots.</li> <li>Principle and applications of capacitive power transfer.</li> <li>Synthesized magnetic field focusing, wireless nuclear instrumentation, and future WPT.</li> </ul> <p>A technical asset for engineers in the power electronics, internet of things and automotive sectors, <i>Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles and Mobile Devices</i> is an essential design and analysis guide and an important reference for graduate and higher undergraduate students preparing for careers in these industries.</p>
The impending environmental issues and growing concerns for global energy crises are driving the need for new opportunities and technologies that can meet significantly higher demand for cleaner and ...sustainable energy systems. This necessitates the development of transportation and power generation systems. The electrification of the transportation system is a promising approach to green the transportation systems and to reduce the issues of climate change. This paper inspects the present status, latest deployment, and challenging issues in the implementation of Electric vehicles (EVs) infrastructural and charging systems in conjunction with several international standards and charging codes. It further analyzes EVs impacts and prospects in society. A complete assessment of charging systems for EVs with battery charging techniques is explained. Moreover, the beneficial and harmful impacts of EVs are categorized and thoroughly reviewed. Remedial measures for harmful impacts are presented and benefits obtained therefrom are highlighted. Bidirectional charging offers the fundamental feature of vehicle to grid technology. In this paper, the current challenging issues due to the massive deployment of EVs, and upcoming research trends are also presented. It is envisioned that the researchers interested in such areas can find this paper valuable and an informative one-stop source.
Nowadays, the emissions from conventional vehicles significantly contribute to increasingly serious environmental issues. In addition, the energy crisis and the low energy efficiency of conventional ...vehicles also offer a good opportunity to develop electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles have better fuel economy compared to conventional vehicles, but they are just an interim step in vehicle development and pure electric vehicles are the ultimate goal. Currently, the technologies of hybrid electric vehicles can be found in numerous literature surveys, however there is a lack of published papers to present a comprehensive technical review for pure electric vehicles. In this study, the characteristics and typical models of energy sources of pure electric vehicles are firstly described. Then the existing pure electric vehicle types are depicted and the environmental impacts of the typical pure electric vehicles are evaluated. Moreover, energy management strategies for pure electric vehicles and charging technologies are investigated. The main challenges faced by pure electric vehicles and corresponding solutions are discussed, whilst the latest developments of pure electric vehicles are presented. The awareness of environmental issues and the energy crisis as well as the incentives from the governments of many countries continuously enhance the rapid development of pure electric vehicles.
•The main reasons to develop pure electric vehicles (PEVs) are presented.•The characteristics and typical models of energy sources for PEVs are described.•The existing configurations in PEV types up to present are illustrated.•A brief study on energy management strategies employed in PEVs is conducted.•The main challenges for PEVs and general problem-solving methods are discussed.
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