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•The application status of electrodeposited superhydrophobic coatings are concluded.•The mechanism of process conditions to regulate the coating property is described.•New ...developments in electrodeposited superhydrophobic coatings are presented.•The deficiency and future research directions of this technology are pointed out.
In recent years, superhydrophobic materials have shown tremendous industrial application value in many fields. Especially in the field of anti-corrosion, the superhydrophobic coating can capture the air to form many "air bags" on the surface of the substrate, so it has a strong water-repellent ability, thus isolating the corrosion media and achieving remarkable anti-corrosion performance. Various preparation technologies of superhydrophobic coatings have been proposed, but each has its own defects. As a relatively mature industrial processing method, electrodeposition shows unique advantages. However, there are few reviews on the preparation of anticorrosive superhydrophobic coatings by electrodeposition till now. In this paper, the general theory of superhydrophobic surface, including factors affecting wettability and theoretical wetting models, is firstly reviewed. Secondly, the mechanism, application status and anti-corrosion performance of superhydrophobic coatings prepared by metal electrodeposition, non-metallic electrodeposition, and composite electrodeposition are summarized in detail, respectively. The internal mechanism of process conditions, especially crystal modifiers, to regulate the coating morphology is described. Moreover, new developments over the years in electrodeposition such as pulse electrodeposition, magnetic field-induced electrodeposition, ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition for the fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings are also presented. Finally, the deficiency of this technology is pointed out, and the future research directions of improving the durability of superhydrophobic coatings are proposed.
NiFe film for oxygen evolution reaction (OER): An ultrathin NiFe‐hydroxide film is generated by stepwise electrodeposition with a significantly improved catalytic OER activity, as compared to NiFe ...films obtained by using traditional methods. The turnover frequency of 8.7 s−1 at an overpotential of 329 mV is extraordinary and represents the highest value among heterogeneous OER catalysts.
Electrochromic devices have received great attention due to the steep growth of smart window markets and demands from various emerging fields. Recently, elaborately designed materials not only ...enhanced coloring/bleaching performances but also provided additional functionality, energy storage, since electrochromism relies on capture and release of ions. Meanwhile, given that electrochromic devices are mostly targeted for large-scale applications such as smart windows, there are still significant needs for further advances, especially in terms of reliability and simplicity of materials and their manufacturing processes. In this study, double-layer hydroxide films are reported as energy-storable electrochromic materials with ultrafast transition kinetics. Core/shell-like Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 films produced within a minute of electrodepositions have capabilities for multiple color changes and show extremely fast optical responses that are comparable to state-of-the-arts. In addition, the electrodeposited hydroxide films manifest high capacitance and rate capabilities when applied as capacitors, with electrochromic kinetics an order of magnitude higher than those with similar level of capacities for energy storage.
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•Double-layer hydroxide films are prepared by sequential electrodeposition methods.•Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 films are produced within 1 min of electrodepositions.•Hydroxide films are capable for multiple color changes with extremly fast kinetics.•Electrodeposited Hydroxide films manifest high capacitance and rate capabilities.
In this work, superhydrophobic nickel cobalt hydroxide films were electrodeposited on silicon nanowires array (SiNWs). The superhydrophobicity was attributed to the morphology of NiO-Co(OH)2 which ...was deposited as urchin–like structures composed of many nanorods radially grown from the center. It was observed that the wettability decreases as these surfaces were irradiated with visible light. Indeed, the contact angle decreases from 158° to 7° after 1 h of visible light illumination. This behavior has allowed to improve the photocatalytic efficiency during the photodegradation process of rhodamine B (RhB). A full degradation was achieved after 1 h of visible light irradiation.
•A new NiO-Co(OH)2/SiNWs nanocomposite was synthesized.•A superhydrophobic urchin-like structure NiO-Co(OH)2 was grown on SiNWs.•Photo-induced wettability of NiO-Co(OH)2/SiNWs under visible light illumination.•Enhanced photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light.
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•Indium was deposited from deep eutectic solvents on copper and carbonaceous substrates.•Indium coatings were used as catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction.•The indium ...coatings were stable after two-hour CO2 electrolysis.•The main product of the electrochemical CO2 reduction was formate.•The use of gas diffusion electrodes improved the formation rate of formate.
The electrochemical conversion of CO2 to high-value molecules is an elegant alternative for combining CO2 utilization with renewable energy conversion and storage. Herein we report the preparation and characterization of indium catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate. Indium coatings were prepared by electrodeposition from a deep eutectic solvent (DES) comprising 1:2 M choline chloride and ethylene glycol (12CE). The electrochemical behavior of indium chloride in this DES was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) on copper, glassy carbon (GC) and platinum electrodes. The effect of InCl3 concentration, electrolyte temperature and deposition method on the phase and morphology of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Indium deposits on copper and carbon were deployed as catalysts for the CO2 electrolysis in aqueous media. Chemical analysis by HPLC, GC, and NMR revealed an optimum efficiency toward formate at −1.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Indium coatings prepared by potentiostatic deposition showed faradaic efficiencies (FE) up to 72.5%. Gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) coated with indium led to formate concentrations up to 76 mM and formation rates of 0.183 mmol cm−2 h−1, which was considerably superior to indium coatings on planar electrodes.
•MoO3 film is synthesized on carbon cloth through an electrodeposition process.•The electrochemical behaviors of as-made electrode are systematically exploded.•The ASSCs was assembled with MoO3 as ...both cathode and anode.•The 2.0 V ASSCs device shows an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 at 1 kW kg−1.
Herein, a MoO3 film is directly synthesized on carbon cloth through a simple electrodeposition procedure with an annealing treatment. The clingy MoO3 film on carbon cloth fibers can speedily transfer electrons by virtue of the superior electrical conductivity of carbon cloth, while the outspread MoO3 film in the gap between the adjacent carbon cloth fibers can provide abundant channels for the diffusion of Li+. The electrochemical properties of the as-fabricated MoO3 electrode working as the cathode and anode materials are systematically studied, respectively. The specific capacitances of the MoO3 electrode within the potential ranges of 0–1.0 V and of −1.0 to 0 V are 603 and 835 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively. The CV kinetic analysis reveals the surface capacitance-dominated charge storage mechanism for the MoO3 electrode under different potential windows. Moreover, the energy density of the as-assembled 2.0 V MoO3//MoO3 aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device can reach up to 78 Wh kg−1 at 1 kW kg−1. Notably, this device exhibits a brilliant lifespan with 98% storage retention after 8000 CV scans at 150 mV s−1. The ease of preparation and outstanding energy storage capability make this newly-assembled aqueous symmetric supercapacitor a highly potential candidate for practical applications.
AuPt Bimetal has been successfully synthesized by electrodeposition method with potentiostat technique. By varying the concentration of Au ions in the solution they are able to control the morphology ...and composition of the synthesized sample. The morphology obtained from the AuPt synthesis is cauliflower. The effect of Au ion concentration in solution on the catalytic performance of AuPt, the greater the Au concentration, the greater the current density in the electrooxidation reaction. In addition, the concentration of Au ions in the solution affects the results of the deposition of Au and Pt elements. In the study of AuPt nanocatalysts with a 0.4 mM Au ion concentration in an electrolyte solution, it was shown to have good catalytic activity in the ethanol electrooxidation reaction, with the resulting current densities and If/Ib of 10.1 mA/cm2 and 43.53 mA/cm2, respectively. This is an implication of many Au compositions which are known to have the ability to absorb and oxidize CO to encourage an increase in current density and increase its catalytic activity.
•Electrodeposition of p-type nickel oxide (NiO) using anodic potentiostatic and cyclic voltammetry.•Applying both NiO as the hole transport layer (HTL) in the fabrication of polymer solar cells.•NiO ...synthesized by the anodic potentiostatic exhibited the best features as the HTL.•The best PSC showed JSC, VOC, FF, and PCE of 10.95 mA/cm2, 0.64 V, 0.60 and 4.21 %, respectively.
Hole transport layers (HTLs) are one of the most important components of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs), having functions of optimizing interface, adjusting the energy match, and helping obtain higher PCE. Inorganic p-type semiconductors are alternative HTLs due to their chemical stability, high mobility, high transparency, and applicable valence band (VB) energy level. In this work, interlayer engineering in BHJ PSC was performed using solution-processed p-type nickel oxide (NiO) as the HTL. NiO nanostructures were synthesized by anodic potentiostatic and cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrodeposition methods. Simple adjustment of the applied potential regime and electrodeposition parameters led to considerable structural and electrochemical changes in the resulting NiO. Eventually, the best sample was selected in terms of suitable surface conductivity, high optical transparency, and appropriate energy levels. NiO nanostructures with FCC crystal structure synthesized by anodic potentiostatic electrodeposition showed conductivity of 0.038 mS.cm−1 and charge mobility of 2.01 cm2.V−1s−1, respectively, about 30.2 % and 24.8 % higher than the NiO synthesized by CV. The anodic potentiostatic electrodeposition method increased the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs by 43 % compared to the CV method. The average power conversion efficiencies for the anodic potentiostatic and CV methods were 2.95 % and 4.21 %, respectively. The PCE of these cells was about 13 % and 62 % higher than that considered for the reference device prepared based on the PEDOT:PSS HTL.
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•The rapid method of electro-deposition was used to load PANI on GF.•It overcomes the secondary pollution coming from traditional EF.•Graphite N was the active catalytic site for the ...production of H2O2.•Pyrrolic-N enhanced the PFOA adsorption capacity of the cathode.
The present study describes the coating of modified graphite felt (GF) with graphene (GE) and polyaniline (PANI). GF was doped with nitrogen atoms by a series of modification and electrolyticdeposition. Tests of different types of N content and cathodic catalytic oxidation performance confirmed that the graphite N introduction promoted the production of H2O2 in the 2e- process. Pyridine N catalyzed the H2O2 decomposition to produce •OH. The amount of H2O2 produced by GF, GF-GE, and GF-GE@PANI system was 11 mg L-1, 70 mg L-1, and 180 mg L-1, respectively. The doping of graphene increased H2O2 yield, and the electrolyticdeposition of PANI converted H2O2 to •OH rapidly. It was proved that the N atom provided by graphene was graphite N, which was the active catalytic site for the production of H2O2. The perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal at 180 min was 24.1% and 49.8% in the GF and GF-GE systems, respectively. The GF-GE@PANI system achieved 100% PFOA removal within 160 min. It was demonstrated that the enrichment of PANI with pyridine N provided many active sites for improving the conversion of H2O2 to •OH and in-situ degrading organic pollutants, offering an alternative for wastewater treatment.
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•Magnetic sediment co-electrodeposition (MSCD) mechanism of Ni-Al2O3 nanocomposites.•Coating morphology, crystal structucture, e, microhardness, nanoparticles loading and zeta ...potential were the main criteria.•Two phenomena control MSCD: (i) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and (ii) gravitational force.•MHD predominates for nano-sized particles (<100 nm) by reducing the thickness of the diffusion layer.•Gravitational force is dominant for agglomerated particles (>300 nm).
Our focus in this work is to exploit a mechanistic view of magnetic sediment co-electrodeposition (MSCD). Ni-Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited in the presence and absence of an external magnetic field using sediment co-deposition (SCD) cell design. The dispersion, zeta potential, and size of Al2O3 particles in solution were measured and interpreted for the MSCD mechanism. The effectsof magnetic field on morphology, crystallographic texture, microhardness, dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles in Ni metal matrix were studied and a co-deposition kinetic model was accordingly postulated. Magnetic sediment co-electrodeposition not only changes the surface morphology of Ni-A2O3 from pyramidal-shaped to spherical grains, but it also increases the microhardness (from 365 to 500 HV) by decreasing the crystallite size (from 130 to 110 nm). Calculations of relative texture coefficient (RTC) values and Rietveld analysis showed that the growth of texture (200) of Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings is reinforced in the presence of a magnetic field. Based on our assumed model, two determining phenomena control the magnetic sediment co-deposition process: (i) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and (ii) gravitational force. MHD predominates for nano-sized particles (<100 nm) by reducing the thickness of the diffusion layer, whereas, the gravitational force is dominant for agglomerated particles (greater than300 nm).
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