The literature on exercise linked to electrical stimulation of the upper pelvic floor muscles in the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy is scarce and reports different ...techniques for the treatment of urinary incontinence. In this context of care for cancer patients, functional exercises and electrostimulation can act as additional therapies. Studies show positive effects of functional pelvic floor training in patients with urinary incontinence after prostate surgery. In addition, as a second treatment option is electrostimulation that can be used together with functional training or separately (LATORRE, 2020). Electrostimulation facilitates the contraction of the periurethral striated muscles by inhibiting the detrusor muscle and activating the sphincter (KAKIHARA CT, 2007). The structure that maintains urinary continence is the external urinary sphincter, urinary incontinence is a consequence of sphincter injuries of the less favorable urethrovesical junction to maintain urinary continence, generating greater demand for the external urethral sphincter. To improve the effectiveness of the urethral sphincter, physical therapy treatment is recommended, which includes pelvic muscle training; functional electrostimulation together with indo-anal electrode; the two methods can be executed together or separately (KAKIHARA CT, 2007).
To verify the effects of resistance exercise and electrical stimulation on clinical outcomes and quality of life of cancer patients undergoing prostatectomy.
The present study sought to analyze scientific articles based on a systematic literature review. The research focused on analyzing articles that addressed the terms involved in the construction of the study. They were consulted in the electronic databases SciElo, PubMed, Cochrane, Bvs for selection and review of articles originally published in English and Portuguese.
Twenty published studies were summarized. Most studies demonstrate physiological and quality of life benefits. However, most of these studies have limitations because they are not randomized clinical trials or use small samples.
This initial evidence involving a small sample size suggests that properly applied, designed, and supervised resistance exercise may be safe and well tolerated by patients with prostate cancer and may lead to improvements in physical function, physical activity levels, and weight gain. muscle mass. Future trials involving larger samples are needed to expand on these preliminary findings.
Future trials involving larger samples are needed to expand on these preliminary findings. Knowing that the planned exercise has benefits in the quality of life of these patients.
Electromechanical interaction of cells and extracellular matrix are ubiquitous in biological systems. Understanding the fundamentals of this interaction and feedback is critical to design ...next‐generation electroactive tissue engineering scaffold. Herein, based on elaborately modulating the dynamic mechanical forces in cell microenvironment, the design of a smart piezoelectric scaffold with suitable stiffness analogous to that of collagen for on‐demand electrical stimulation is reported. Specifically, it generated a piezoelectric potential, namely a piezopotential, to stimulate stem cell differentiation with cell traction as a loop feedback signal, thereby avoiding the unfavorable effect of early electrical stimulation on cell spreading and adhesion. This is the first time to adapt to the dynamic microenvironment of cells and meet the electrical stimulation of cells in different states by a constant scaffold, diminishing the cumbersomeness of inducing material transformation or trigging by an external stimulus. This in situ on‐demand electrical stimulation based on cell‐traction‐mediated piezopotential paves the way for smart scaffolds design and future bioelectronic therapies.
An innovative loop feedback strategy between cells and biominic biomaterials is proposed for cell fate modulation. A piezoelectric fibrous network with mechanical stiffness similar to that of collagen can be trigged by cell traction for on‐demand electrical stimulation to promote neuron‐like differentiation. This in situ on‐demand electrical stimulation paves the way for smart scaffold design and future bioelectronic therapies.
Conventional immunosuppressants that suppress allograft rejection cause various side effects. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for allograft survival, the limited efficacy of Treg ...therapy demands improvement. Thus, it is imperative to seek new approaches to enhancing Treg suppression. Low-intensity electrostimulation (ES) has been shown to exert antiinflammatory effects without causing major adverse reactions. However, it remains unknown whether and how ES regulates alloimmunity. Here, we found that regional ES delayed murine skin allograft rejection and promoted long-term allograft survival induced by an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. ES also extended islet allograft survival. Mechanistically, ES enhanced the expression of lymphotoxin α (LTα) on Tregs after transplantation. Blockade of lymphotoxin β receptor–mediated nonclassical NFκB signaling suppressed lymphatic Treg migration and largely reversed the effects of ES on allograft survival. Moreover, ES failed to extend allograft survival when recipients lacked LTα/lymph nodes or if transferred Tregs lacked LTα. Therefore, ES promoted the lymphatic migration of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs by upregulating their surface expression of LTα. Finally, ES augmented expression of LTα on murine or human Tregs, but not conventional T cells, while promoting their calcium influx in vitro. This ES-mediated upregulation of LTα relied on calcium influx. Thus, our findings have unveiled novel mechanisms underlying ES-mediated immunoregulation.
Introduction
Desperation for cure led to 19
th
century invention-- electrotherapeutic devices; replete with hyperbolic claims of cure-all, perceived ineffectiveness, and potential harm rendered the ...modality as quackery but were used in early brain stimulation, melancholia treatment, and cortex mapping. Here, antique devices are restored, and their electrophysiological qualities ascertained.
Objectives
Determine the comparative capabilities of these devices in delivering electrostimulation and compare with modern standards to understand possible electrophysiological sequelae.
Methods
Devices known as “medical batteries” were analyzed. Power delivery utilized a “voltaic battery”, simple circuit, and a conductor wrapped around an iron core. When the circuit is energized, the core is magnetized by direct current of the battery which induces an alternating current that electrifies probes used on the body. Due to their marked age, a common 9-volt battery was exchanged for the corrosive dry cell paste batteries. Electrical parameters were then measured.
Results
Table 1
Device
Frequency (Hz)
Resistance (Ohms)
Max Output (Amps)
Min Output (Amps)
Max Output (Volts)
Min Output (Volts)
Voltamp
a
2k – 12K
60
0.66
0.33
60V
20V
J.H. Bunnell & Co.’s No. 4 D.D.
7k-10k
50
6
0.4
300V
20V
Schall & Son
(London)
b
300-1200
40
10.5
2.75
420V
110V
Conclusions
Devices for electrotherapeutics ranged from anemic vibrations to dangerous tetany inducing shocks. Measuring the capabilities of these devices shows the robust yields possible if the original higher capacity batteries were utilized. The reality is, cure or not, the devices were surprisingly potent. It is interesting that, albeit unrefined, efficacious doses were available before modern electrification.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Aim
To compare the efficacy of the treatment with transcutaneous perineal electrostimulation versus intracavitary electrostimulation to reduce the frequency of urinary incontinence after radical ...prostatectomy and the impact on the quality of life (QoL).
Methods
This single‐blind equivalence‐randomized controlled trial equally (1:1) randomly allocated men with urinary incontinence post radical prostatectomy into surface electrodes perineal group (intervention group, IG) and intra‐anal probe group (control group, CG). Outcomes included changes in the 24h‐Pad Test (main variable), and ICIQ‐SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short‐Form), SF‐12 (Short Form Health Survey), and I‐QOL (incontinence quality of life questionnaire) questionnaires. Clinical data were collected at baseline, 6 and 10 weeks. For the comparisons between variables, χ2 test and Student's t test were used. Equivalence was analyzed by estimating the mean change (90% confidence interval) of urinary incontinence based on the Pad Test. The analysis was performed for the per‐protocol and the intention‐to‐treat populations. Statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Results
Seventy patients were included, mean age 62.8 (SD 9.4) years. Mean baseline 24h‐Pad Test was 328.3 g (SD 426.1) and a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the grams of urine loss at 5 weeks (159.1 g in the IG and 121.7 g in the CG), and at 10 weeks of treatment (248.5 g in the IG and 235.8 g in the CG) was observed. However, the final difference in the grams of urine loss between both treatments showed the absence of statistical significance (p = 0.874). In both groups, the ICIQ‐SF, I‐QOL, and SF‐12 questionnaires revealed a significant improvement in QoL.
Conclusion
Surface and intra‐anal electrostimulation treatments reduced significantly losses of urine, but differences in grams of urine loss throughout the therapy between groups were not significant, suggesting that the efficacy of the two treatments is not statistically different. Nonetheless, the improvement observed in both groups was statistically significant and clinically relevant.
•Cathodic dynamic membrane (CDM) was developed to treat wastewater in AnMBR (AnCDMBR).•Well-controlled fouling and efficient separation were observed in CDM with low cost.•AnCDMBR achieved superior ...CH4 yield rate of 0.26 L-CH4/g-COD with high purity (>95 %).•Enhanced metabolism and spatially heterogeneous microbiota promote bioenergy recovery.•It shows significant potential for AnCDMBR in municipal wastewater treatment.
Concerns regarding membrane fouling and suboptimal bioenergy recovery have constrained the implementation of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for treating low-strength municipal wastewater. This study presents a novel anaerobic cathodic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnCDMBR) designed to address these challenges. A self-formed cathodic dynamic membrane (CDM) on inexpensive carbon cloth was developed to function as both a membrane and biocathode to achieve dual-function effects of mitigating membrane fouling and accelerating organics conversion. Compared with common dynamic membrane (1.52 kPa/d) and commercial membranes (7.52 kPa/d), the developed CDM presented a significantly reduced fouling rate (1.02 kPa/d), exhibiting the potential as a substitute for high-cost conductive membranes. Furthermore, efficient and stable biomethanation occurred in AnCDMBR with a superior methane yield rate of 0.26 L-CH4/g-COD (CH4 content > 95 %), which was 1.42 times higher than the control, linked to the higher activities of microbial metabolism and methanogenic-related key enzymes. Further analysis revealed that electrostimulation-induced niche differentiation of microbiota regulated interspecies interactions between electroactive microorganisms and complex anaerobic digestion microbiomes, facilitating organic matter conversion to methane and leading to superior bioenergy recovery. This study offered a new strategy for effectively mitigating fouling and recovering bioenergy from low-strength wastewater, potentially expanding the application of AnMBRs.
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•Electrostimulated reduction–oxidation process for azo dye removal was proposed.•Intermittent electrostimulation enhanced biocathode reductive decolorization.•Oxygen-assisted bioanode ...achieved intermediates mineralization and electron recovery.•Differences in voltage supply strategies regulated electrode microbiome evolution.•The possible degradation mechanism for electrostimulated azo dye removal was revealed.
The electro-stimulated microbial process offers promise in overcoming the intrinsic drawbacks of the conventional reduction–oxidation process for azo dyes removal. However, the lack of available electron donors, continuous external power supply, and weak anodic oxidation are the major challenges for this process to achieve efficient azo dye biodegradation. Herein, an intermittent electric field stimulated reduction–oxidation coupled process was developed to enhance Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) biodegradation. Introducing a weak intermittent electrostimulation considerably boosted the anaerobic cathodic reduction and micro-oxygen-assisted anodic oxidation process, as evidenced by the higher AYR decolorization, p-phenylenediamine, and 5-aminosalicylic acid bio-mineralization efficiency than that in the bio-processes with continuous and without electrostimulation, respectively. The endogenous organics generated during AYR degradation could serve as an effective electron source for anodic microorganisms to drive the biocathode decolorization. Compared to continuous electrostimulation, intermittent electrostimulation exhibited better electron transfer capability and created a more favorable oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) for reductive decolorization of AYR and bio-mineralization of its intermediate products. Microbial community analysis revealed that more functional consortia capable of electroactivity (e.g. Geobacter and Pseudomonas) and AYR metabolism (e.g. Bosea, Sphingopyxis, and Achromobacter) were enriched by intermittent electrostimulation than continuous electrostimulation. The molecular ecological network analysis indicated that synthetic metabolisms between electroactive and AYR metabolizing bacteria might play major roles in electro-microbial-mediated AYR removal. This study reveals the potential and mechanism of intermittent electric field stimulated reduction–oxidation coupled process for enhanced azo dye biodegradation, which opens an appealing avenue for enhanced azo dye removal from wastewater.
Intense nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel modality for cell activation and nanoelectroporation. Applications of nsPEF in research and therapy are hindered by a high electric field ...requirement, typically from 1 to over 50 kV/cm to elicit any bioeffects. We show how this requirement can be overcome by engaging temporal summation when pulses are compressed into high-rate bursts (up to several MHz). This approach was tested for excitation of ventricular cardiomyocytes and peripheral nerve fibers; for membrane electroporation of cardiomyocytes, CHO, and HEK cells; and for killing EL-4 cells. MHz compression of nsPEF bursts (100–1000 pulses) enables excitation at only 0.01–0.15 kV/cm and electroporation already at 0.4–0.6 kV/cm. Clear separation of excitation and electroporation thresholds allows for multiple excitation cycles without membrane disruption. The efficiency of nsPEF bursts increases with the duty cycle (by increasing either pulse duration or repetition rate) and with increasing the total time “on” (by increasing either pulse duration or number). For some endpoints, the efficiency of nsPEF bursts matches a single “long” pulse whose amplitude and duration equal the time-average amplitude and duration of the bursts. For other endpoints this rule is not valid, presumably because of nsPEF-specific bioeffects and/or possible modification of targets already during the burst. MHz compression of nsPEF bursts is a universal and efficient way to lower excitation thresholds and facilitate electroporation.
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•Efficacy of nanosecond pulsed electric field was tested up to MHz frequencies.•Temporal summation enabled low-field bioeffects above a critical frequency.•MHz bursts of nanosecond stimuli activated cells at 10–100 lower thresholds.•MHz compression separated stimulation from electroporation at higher voltages.
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