Il sardo è stato riconosciuto ufficialmente dal parlamento italiano, per questa ragione bisogna dotarsi nei prossimi anni di un programma pedagogico, di un sistema di insegnamento e di una grafia ...unificata per la lingua sarda.
Fuori dalla Sardegna vivono quasi seicentomila sardi che sono in grado di offrire agli altri sardi molti degli strumenti culturali e linguistici che occorrono per affrontare anche in Sardegna la sfida della globalizzazione e dell'inserimento in Europa.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Original language summary:
Cyklus výpovědí osobností k tématům, která formují českou společnost, tentokráte o světově uznávané ...architektce a designérce Evě Jiřičné.- Extended description:
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Světově uznávaná architektka a designerka Eva Jiřičná navrhla se stejným perfekcionismem a láskou přístav, autobusové nádraží, univerzitu i oranžerii. Čtyřicet let po osmašedesátém strávila ve Velké Británii, kde se její firma dnes řadí do pětice předních architektonických kanceláří. Nositelka řádu Britského impéria, Státní ceny za architekturu a mnoha dalších prestižních vyznamenání sleduje českou polistopadovou demokracii pozorně. Všímá si změn k lepšímu, nešetří ani kritikou a ve svém Vzkazu vybízí k odvaze napravit chyby, kterých se člověk na sobě i na druhých dopouští.
Eva Jiřičná patří mezi nejvýznamnější české architektky. Projektovala mimo jiné Oranžerii na Praždském hradě, budovu Zlínské univerzity, londýnské autobusové nádraží nebo rekonstrukci Muzea královny Viktorie a prince Alberta. V roce 1968 emigrovala do Velké Británie, kde má v Londýně svoji projekční kancelář. Je také nositelkou Řádu Britského impéria a dalších vyznamenání. Žije nyní mezi Londýnem a Prahou. Procházíme se s ní jí navrženými budovami ve Zlíně a Eva vypráví o svých inspiračních zdrojích a lásce k rodnému městu Zlínu, kde začínal už kariéru její otec, jako Baťův architekt. Hovoří o tom, jak je důežité chodit na stavbu a mít kontakt s lidmi, kteří ji realizují. Dále vzpomíná na své dětství, jež bylo hodně ovliněno válečnými zážitky a všeobecným nedostatkem. Můžeme Evu vidět na záběrech z 90. let z Anglie a Eva nám vypráví o svých těžkých začátcích v emigraci po roce 1968. Potom se přenuseme do oranžérie Pražského hradu, kde Eva vypráví o stavbě tamního skleníku, a k pražskému hotelu Josef. Velmi pozitivně hodnotí schopnost českých stavebních firem po 20 letech od pádu komunismu plně konkurovat těm západním. Věří, že s rozvojem technologií se lidé v práci neodcizí, ale naopak se budou dál chtít setkávat ve společných prostorách. Nakonec napíše své motto: "Nebojme se napravit zítra co jsme zvorali dnes".
Eva Jiřičná is one of the biggest Czech architects. She has designed plenty of buildings around the world including the Prague castle's Orangery, building of the Zlín University, London's bus terminal station or reconstruction of the Victoria and Albert Museum building. In 1968 she emigrated from Czechoslovakia to the United Kingdom, where she has run now her own design office. She is also MBE member. Now she lives between London and Prague. We walk with her around buildings in Zlín she designed and Eva tells us about her love to her hometown Zlín, where her father started his career as Bata's architect before WWII. She insists on visiting construction works of her projects to ensure she is in constant touch with people realizing her architectural ideas. She recalls of her childhood experiences influenced by war moments and we can see some of her childhood photos. Next we can see shots of Eva from the 1990´s in London and she tells about difficult beginnings of her London's exile. Then we move to to the Prague castle's Orangery, where Eva tells about building the greenhouse. Eva appreciates the progress Czech construction companies have made since the fall of communism and now they can compare to their western rivals and sometimes they even win in this competition. She faiths in human's desire to live social life despite of new technologies development, so people would like to meet each other at work, shopping or culture in public buildings. Finally Eva writes her motto: "Do not be afraid now to fix what we bungled yesterday".- Information:
TV series of statements of celebrities who form the Czech society.- TV series of statements of celebrities who form the Czech society. This time about Eva Jiřičná, significant Czech architect and designer.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Original language summary:
Po dlouhých letech po pádu komunismu mohou zase do své bývalé vlasti přijet na vánoční svátky naši ...emigranti. Na hraničních přechodech se Západním Německem jsme několik z nich zastihli a zeptali se na jejich první dojmy. Mísí se u nich dojetí a očekávání, mnozí budou trvalý návrat do vlasti zvažovat.- Extended description:- Information:
Aktuality - šlo o 2. pozdně večerní vydání Televizních novin, vysílané pod tímto názvem od roku 1981. Po roce 1991 bylo obohaceno o větší podíl komentářových příspěvků a přejmenováno na Události, komentáře. Nějakou dobu běžely tyto dvě zpravodajské relace současně.
Aktuality ("Latest News") - it was the second late-evening TV news release, broadcast under this title since 1981. After 1991 it was enriched by a greater proportion of commented contributions and renamed to Události, komentáře ("Events, Comments"). For some time these two news shows were aired simultaneously.- Our emigrants can after the fall of the Communist regime arrive in their former homeland for Christmas holidays again after many years. We met some of them at border crossings with West Germanyand asked them about their first impressions. Emotions and expectations are mingled and many of them will consider their permanent return to their homeland.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Using a systems approach, this book examines how transatlantic labor migrations were linked to European circuits of geographic mobility, and explores the development of social networks that were ...crucial in Portuguese migrants’ socioeconomic adaptation in the Argentine pampas and Patagonia.; Readership: Readers interested in social history and historical sociology; labor history; world and transnational history; migration, ethnic and diaspora studies; history of Latin America, southern Europe, and the Atlantic World.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- It is widely accepted that the progressive decline in the efficiency of
thymopoiesis, starting at puberty, is causally related to ...increasing
concentrations of gonadal hormones. In addition, thymic level of
catecholamines, which act, via β- adrenoceptors, as tonic inhibitors of
thymopoiesis, increases around puberty. There is a pile of evidence that
mature immune cells (T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) as well
as different types of epithelial cells, synthesize catecholamines.
Furthermore, it has been shown that in various tissues male gonadal hormones
affect catecholamine synthesis and β-adrenoceptor expression. These findings
imposed the question whether thymocytes and/or thymic stromal cells
synthesize catecholamines, and, if so, whether testicular hormones influence
the synthesis of catecholamines and/or expression of β2-adrenoceptors, and
possibly, consequently, the modulatory action of catecholamines on
thymopoiesis. Considering all the aforementioned, the dissertation was aimed
to: 1) explore whether thymocytes and/or thymic stromal cells in adult male
rats synthesize catecholamines, and to define the types of thymic cells
expressing β2-adrenoceptor; 2) examine whether orchidectomy at the age of 30
days, when rat thymus is the most sensitive to testicular hormone
deprivation, affects catecholamine levels and β2- adrenoceptor expression in
the thymus of adult rats, and, if so, 3) determine whether the modulatory
effects of catecholamines on thymopoiesis differ in orchidectomized and
non-orchidectomized animals. It has been found that thymocytes, thymic
epithelial cells and macrophages in adult rats contain and synthesize
catecholamines. In addition, it was shown that subsets of these cells also
express the β2-adrenoceptors. Orchidectomy at the age of 30 days decreased
the concentration of noradrenaline in the thymus of adult animals by
diminishing the density of noradrenergic nerve fibers and
catecholamine-containing thymic stromal cells and their noradrenaline
content. In addition, in thymi of these animals the decreased β2-adrenoceptor
mRNA expression and thymocyte β2-adrenoceptor surface density were found.
Moreover, orchidectomy increased the overall number of thymocytes and
efficiency of thymopoiesis, in particular generation of CD4+ T cells, judging
by the increased proportion of the most mature CD4+CD8- thymocytes,
expressing TCRαβ at high level (TCRαβ++) and recent thymic emigrants among
CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. This most likely reflected enhanced entry
of thymocyte precursors, more efficient stages of their initial
differentiation, enhanced thymocyte β-selection, and diminished efficiency of
negative selection (most likely due to increased CD90 surface density).
Moreover, in thymi of adult orchidectomized animals,
differentiation/maturation of regulatory cells was also altered, judging by
the reduced and increased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD8+CD161+TCRαβ+
cells, respectively. Next, to assess the contribution of putative changes in
β-adrenoceptor–mediated catecholamine action to the augmented thymopoietic
efficiency in orchidectomized rats, the effects of 14-day-long treatment with
propranolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, on thymocyte
differentiation/maturation in non-orchidectomized and orchidectomized adult
rats were examined. Propranolol, in non-orchidectomized adult rats, increased
efficiency of thymocyte differentiation/maturation, by enhancing efficiency
of the early steps of CD4-CD8-TCRαβ- thymocyte development and, most likely,
thymocyte β-selection and diminishing efficiency of negative selection (most
likely due to increased CD90 surface density). These changes ultimately led
to the increased proportion of the most mature CD4+CD8-TCRαβ++ and, in
particular, CD4-CD8+TCRαβ++ thymocytes in thymus, and, consequently, recent
thymic emigrants within both CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T-cell
populations. In addition, propranolol treatment in nonorchidectomized rats
augmented thymic generation of both CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD8+CD161+TCRαβ+
regulatory cells, judging by their increased proportions in the thymus. These
findings suggested a tonic β-adrenoceptor–mediated inhibitory action of
catecholamines on thymopoiesis. However, differently from non-orchidectomized
rats, in orchidectomized rats propranolol treatment was inefficient in
modulating thymopoiesis. Considering that: 1) orchidectomy at the age of 30
days diminished thymic noradrenaline concentration (through affecting its
synthesis and content in nerve fibers and catecholamine-containing thymic
cells), and thymic β2-adrenoceptor gene expression, and thereby, possibly,
efficiency of catecholamine action, and 2) orchidectomy and propranolol
treatment, in non-orchidectomized rats, led to similar changes, at least, in
thymocyte CD90 expression (that is shown to be regulated by β-
adrenoceptor–mediated noradrenaline action) and consequently thymocyte
negative selection, it may be assumed that the increase in thymopoietic
efficiency in adult rats, orchidectomized at the age of 30 days, partly
reflected less efficient β-adrenoceptor– mediated influence of catecholamines
on thymopoiesis.- Danas je široko prihvaćeno mišljenje da je progresivno smanjenje efikasnosti
timopoeze, koje počinje u pubertetu, kauzalno povezano sa porastom
koncentracije polnih hormona. Pored toga, i koncentracija kateholamina,
toničnih inhibitora timopoeze posredstvom β-adrenergičih receptora, se u
timusu povećava, počevši od pubertetnog perioda. Poznato je da zrele ćelije
imunskog sistema (T-limfociti, makrofage i dendritske ćelije), i različiti
tipovi epitelnih ćelija, imaju sposobnost sinteze kateholamina. Konačno, u
različitim tkivima, muški polni hormoni utiču na sintezu kateholamina i
ispoljavanje β-adrenergičkih receptora. Ova saznanja su nužno nametnula
pitanje da li timociti i/ili ćelije strome timusa poseduju sposobnost sinteze
kateholamina, i, ukoliko je odgovor potvrdan, da li i u kojim tipovima ćelija
timusa hormoni testisa utiču na sintezu kateholamina i/ili ispoljavanje
β2-adrenergičkog receptora i time, moguće, na modulatorno delovanje
kateholamina na proces timopoeze. Imajući u vidu sve prethodno navedene
nalaze, postavljeni su ciljevi ove disertacije: 1) da se utvrdi da li
timociti i/ili ćelije strome timusa odraslih mužjaka pacova sintetišu
kateholamine, i da se precizno definišu tipovi ćelija u ovom organu koji
ispoljavaju β2-adrenergički receptor, 2) da se ispita da li orhidektomija u
uzrastu od 30 dana, kada je timus pacova najosetljiviji na efekte kastracije,
utiče na koncentraciju kateholamina i ispoljavanje β2-adrenergičkog receptora
u timusu odraslih pacova, i, ako je odgovor potvrdan, 3) da se utvrdi da li
se modulatorno delovanje kateholamina na timopoezu razlikuje kod
orhidektomisanih i neorhidektomisanih životinja. Nađeno je da timociti,
timusne epitelne ćelije i makrofage sadrže i sintetišu kateholamine. Osim
toga, subpopulacije ovih tipova ćelija, takođe, ispoljavaju β2- adrenergički
receptor. Orhidektomija u uzrastu od 30 dana je smanjila koncentraciju
noradrenalina u timusu odraslih životinja, usled smanjenja gustine
noradrenergičkih nervnih vlakana i ćelija strome timusa koje sadrže
kateholamine i sadržaja noradrenalina u njima. Pored toga, u timusu ovih
životinja je detektovano i smanjenje ekspresije iRNK za β2-adrenergički
receptor, kao i površinske gustine ovog receptora na membrani timocita.
Orhidektomija je dovela do povećanja ukupnog broja timocita, kao i
efikasnosti diferencijacije/sazrevanja timocita, a posebno nastanka CD4+
T-ćelija, sudeći prema povećanju procentualne zastupljenosti najzrelijih
CD4+CD8- timocita, sa visokom površinskom gustinom TCRαβ (TCRαβ++), i svežih
timusnih emigranata u okviru populacije CD4+ T-ćelija periferne krvi. Opisane
promene su, najverovatnije, odražavale intenziviran ulazak prekursora
timocita, efikasnije odvijanje njihovog početnog razvoja, efikasniju
β-selekciju timocita, kao i smanjenu efikasnost negativne selekcije
(najverovatnije usled veće gustine CD90 molekula na membrani timocita).
Takođe, u timusu odraslih orhidektomisanih životinja, došlo je i do promena u
sazrevanju regulatornih ćelija, sudeći prema smanjenju procentualne
zastupljenosti CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ timocita i povećanju procentualne
zastupljenosti CD8+CD161+TCRαβ+ ćelija. Da bi se procenio doprinos mogućih
promena u delovanju kateholamina posredstvom β-adrenergičkih receptora
povećanoj efikasnosti timopoeze kod orhidektomisanih životinja, ispitivani su
efekti četrnaestodnevnog tretmana antagonistom β-adrenergičkih receptora,
propranololom, na diferencijaciju/sazrevanje timocita, kod odraslih
neorhidektomisanih i orhidektomisanih pacova. Kod odraslih neorhidektomisanih
pacova, propranolol je povećao efikasnost diferencijacije/sazrevanja
timocita, povećavajući efiksanost ranih faza razvoja CD4- CD8-TCRαβ- timocita
i, najverovatnije, efikasnost β-selekcije, a smanjujući efikasnost negativne
selekcije (najverovatnije usled veće gustine CD90 molekula na membrani
timocita). Ovakve promene u timopoezi konačno su dovele do povećanja
procentualne zastupljenosti najzrelijih CD4+CD8-TCRαβ++ i, posebno,
CD4-CD8+TCRαβ++ timocita, i odgovarajućeg povećanja procentualne
zastupljenosti svežih timusnih emigranata u okviru populacija CD4+ i CD8+
T-ćelija periferne krvi. Uz sve navedeno, davanje propranolola
neorhidektomisanim pacovima je povećalo stvaranje CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ i
CD8+CD161+TCRαβ+ regulatornih ćelija u timusu, sudeći prema povećanju njihove
procentualne zastupljenosti u ovom organu. Prethodno navedeni nalazi su
ukazali na postojanje toničnog inhibitornog delovanja kateholamina, putem
β-adrenergičkih receptora, na proces timopoeze. Za razliku od
neorhidektomisanih životinja, tretman propranololom kod odraslih životinja
orhidektomisanih 30. dana života, nije se pokazao efikasnim u modulaciji
timopoeze. Imajući u vidu da: 1) u timusu, orhidektomi
Rijeka se na listu velikih iseljeničkih luka Europe poput Hamburga, Bremena, Liverpoola upisala krajem 1903 godine kada je brodom britanske kompanije Cunard Line uspostavljena putnička linija Rijeka ...– New York. Do 1914 godine u Ameriku je preko riječke luke otputovalo 317.639 putnika – iseljenika. Veliki je protok ljudi stvarao gradu probleme i u tu je svrhu Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova Ugarske već 1904 godine krenulo u gradnju velebne zgrade namijenjene iseljenicima, Kad je otvorena 1907. godine nazvana je Hotel emigranti i mogla je prihvatiti oko 2.500 ljudi. Naziv hotel dobila je zbog najviših graditeljskih i sanitarnih standarda, ali i zbog komfora koji se u njoj nudio iseljenicima, velike svijetle spavaonice, odvojene sobe dnevnog boravka, niz manjih i jedna velika prostrana terasa, više su upućivale na turistički hotel nego na dom za iseljenike.
Zdravstveni nadzor nad iseljenicima obavljali su dr David Friedmann, dr. Arturo Jellouscheg i dr. Emil Tauffer zaduženi od strane Pomorskog Gubernija u Rijeci, konzulata SAD u Rijeci i Pomorskog društvo Adria. Premda su se i gradska vlasti i Ugarska vlast hvalila hotelom i rigidnoj
liječničkoj kontroli koja se u njemu provodila nad iseljenicima, američke su vlasti ipak nerijetko vraćale neke iseljenike, i to na račun kompanije, nakon što bi se na Ellis Islandu na pregleda pred iskrcavanjem otkrilo da su pojedinci došli bolesni.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that provides the microenvironment
necessary for the differentiation/maturation of ...T-lymphocytes. During
ontogeny, thymus undergoes significant structural and functional changes
leading to reduced efficiency of thymopoiesis and, consequently, reduced
output of newly generated Tlymphocytes. These changes are collectively
referred to as thymic involution. The most profound thymic changes in
rodents, occur around puberty. There is an accumulating body of evidence
indicating that hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-PG) axis,
particularly gonadal hormones, influence thymic development and involution.
However, despite extensive research in the past decades, the role of ovarian
hormones in the initiation and maintenance/progression of thymic involution
is not fully understood. Bearing all aforementioned in mind, this
dissertation was aimed to elucidate the role of ovarian hormones in
initiation and maintenance/progression of thymic involution. To this end the
effects of single injection of testosterone in critical postnatal period,
which postpones H-P-G axis maturation and affects the gender-specific pattern
of gonadal hormone secretion in adult animals (neonatal androgenization), and
ovarian hormone removal in rats with advanced thymic involutive changes
(10-month-old), on thymic structure and function, were examined in
3-month-old and 11-month-old female rats, respectively. In addition, the
putative indirect, catecholamine-mediated effects of the neonatal
androgenization and ovariectomy on thymopoiesis were explored. Neonatal
androgenization, affecting distinct stages of thymocyte
differentiation/maturation (from progenitor cell entry and differentiation to
thymocyte lineage commitment), increased the efficiency of thymopoiesis and
consequently thymic output (as evidenced by the increased number of recent
thymic emigrants in peripheral blood and spleen), including, most likely,
increased output of the cells with regulatory phenotype (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and
CD161+TCRαβ+ cells). In addition, neonatal treatment with testosterone skewed
thymocyte lineage commitment towards CD4-CD8+TCRαβ++ cells (phenotypic
defeminization/masculinization of thymopoiesis). Despite the increased
efficiency of thymopoiesis, unaltered relative abundance of thymic epithelial
cells (TEC) and the thymic level of IL-6 mRNA, and reduced thymic level of
IL-7 mRNA, indicated, most likely, activation of intrathymic negative
feedback mechanisms limiting TEC proliferation and thymopoiesis in 3-
month-old neonatally androgenized rats. Ovariectomy at the age of 10 months
led to the expansion of TECs and greater efficiency of thymopoiesis
(including generation of cells with regulatory phenotype), increasing the
number of both CD4+ and CD8+ recent thymic emigrants in peripheral blood and
spleen of 11-month-old rats, compared with age-matched controls. However,
despite the regeneration of the thymic epithelial component and increased
efficiency of thymopoiesis, reduced thymic levels of mRNA for IL-6 and IL-7
in ovariectomized rats indicated activation of intrathymic negative feedback
mechanisms limiting the expansion of IL-6-synthesizing TECs and thymopoietic
efficiency in these animals. In conclusion, the data obtained in this
dissertation indicate that neonatal androgenization alters the kinetics of
postnatal thymic development and sex-specific pattern of thymocyte
differentiation/maturation and postpones thymic involution, but, most likely,
does not prevent it completely. The removal of ovarian hormones in female
rats with advanced thymic involutive changes leads to partial reversion of
these changes, and an increase in thymopoietic efficiency of, most likely,
limited duration. In addition, these data indicate that ovarian hormones
might affect thymic development/involution not only directly, but also
indirectly by diminishing the efficiency of noradrenaline-mediated modulation
of thymopoiesis.- Timus je primarni limfoidni organ koji obezbeđuje mikrosredinu neophodnu za
diferencijaciju/sazrevanje T-limfocita. Tokom ontogeneze, ovaj organ trpi
značajne strukturne i funkcionalne promene koje se zbirno označavaju kao
involucija timusa, i manifestuju se kao smanjena efikasnosti timopoeze i
posledično, smanjen izlazak novoformiranih T-limfocita na periferiju.
Involucija timusa je kod glodara najizraženija u periodu sticanja polne
zrelosti. Veliki broj literaturnih podataka ukazuje na to da hormoni
hipotalamo-hipofizo-gonadne (H-H-G) osovine, pre svega hormoni gonada, utiču
na razvoj i involuciju timusa. Međutim, uprkos brojnim istraživanjima u
proteklim decenijama, uloga hormona jajnika u inicijaciji i
održavanju/progresiji involucije timusa nije do kraja rasvetljena. Cilj ove
doktorske disertacije je bio da se ispita uloga hormona jajnika u inicijaciji
i održavanju/progresiji involucije timusa. U tom cilju ispitivan je uticaj
jednokratnog davanja testosterona u kritičnom neonatalnom uzrastu, koji
dovodi do odlaganja sazrevanja H-H-G osovine i promena u obrascu sekrecije
hormona jajnika kod adultnih životinja (neonatalna androgenizacija) i
uklanjanja jajnika ženkama pacova u uzrastu od 10 meseci, kada su involutivne
promene timusa jasno izražene, na građu timusa i timopoezu u ranom adultnom
uzrastu; odnosno u uzrastu od 11 meseci. Posebno je ispitivan, mogući,
indirektan uticaj promena u sekreciji hormona jajnika na aktivnost timusnog
kateholaminergičkog regulatornog sistema. Neonatalna androgenizacija,
delujući na različite stadijume diferencijacije/sazrevanja T-ćelija, od
ulaska/diferencijacije progenitorskih ćelija do linijskog usmeravanja
timocita, povećala je efikasnost timopoeze (na osnovu većeg broja svežih
timusnih emigranata u perifernoj krvi i slezini), uključujući,
najverovatnije, i povećano stvaranje ćelija regulatornog fenotipa
(CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ i CD161+TCRαβ+ ćelije). Pored toga, kod ovih životinja je
uočeno favorizovano stvaranje ćelija CD4-CD8+TCRαβ++ fenotipa (fenotipska
defeminizacija/maskulinizacija procesa timopoeze). Uprkos povećanoj
efikasnosti timopoeze, nepromenjena relativna zastupljenost timusnih
epitelnih ćelija (TEC) kao i nivo iRNK za IL-6, a smanjen nivo iRNK za IL-7 u
tkivu timusa, ukazuju, da je kod neonatalno androgenizovanih životinja, u
uzrastu od 3 meseca, najverovatnije, došlo do pokretanja mehanizama negativne
povratne sprege, koji ograničavaju ekspanziju TEC i timopoezu. Ovarijektomija
u uzrastu od 10 meseci, nakon 30. dana, imala je za posledicu povećanje
relativne zastupljenosti TEC i efikasnosti timopoeze (uključujući i povećano
stvaranje ćelija regulatornog fenotipa), što se manifestovalo povećanim
brojem svežih timusnih emigranata CD4+ i CD8+ fenotipa u perifernoj krvi i
slezini. Međutim, uprkos regeneraciji epitelne komponente timusa i povećanoj
efikasnosti timopoeze, smanjen nivo iRNK za IL-6 i IL-7 u tkivu timusa
ovarijektomisani životinja sugeriše da je kod ovih životinja došlo do
aktivacije intratimusnih mehanizama negativne povratne sprege koji ograničava
ekspanziju TEC koje sintetišu IL-6 i efikasnost timopoeze. U zaključku,
nalazi dobijeni u ovoj disertaciji ukazuju da neonatalna androgenizacija
menja kinetiku postnatalnog razvoja timusa i polno specifičan obrazac
diferencijacije/sazrevanja timocita i odlaže, ali vrlo verovatno ne sprečava
involuciju timusa, dok uklanjanje hormona jajnika u uzrastu kada su
involutivne promene timusa uznapredovale dovodi do delimične reverzije ovih
promena i efikasnije timopoeze, koji su, najverovatnije, vremenski
ograničenog trajanja. Pored toga, pokazano je da se uticaj hormona jajnika na
ove procese odvija i indirektno, menjanjem efikasnosti modulatornog delovanja
noradrenalina na timopoezu.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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U ovom radu predstavljene su transnacionalne prakse popularne glazbe među mlađim generacijama potomaka slovenskih antikomunista u Argentini. Rad proučava zajednicu slovenskih antikomunista u ...dijaspori koji su pribjegli u Argentinu nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata, pobliže, sastav Baires Polka. Iako se migracijski proces odvio prije sedamdeset godina, četvrta te čak peta generacija potomaka slovenskih emigranata i dalje održava kulturne običaje svojih predaka. U znanstvenoj literaturi na ovu temu, ta se pojava tumači specifičnim karakterom migracijskog procesa skupine: prisilno izmještanje i zajedničko traumatično iskustvo raseljavanja u migracijskom procesu dijaspore ojačali su potrebu za solidarnošću, identitetom i očuvanjem kulture. Kako je većina emigranata vjerovala da će se naposljetku vratiti svojoj “jedinoj pravoj domovini”, održali su čvrstu zajednicu u kojoj se snažno kolektivno sjećanje reproduciralo na osnovi sjećanja o zbivanjima iz Drugoga svjetskog rata, snažnog nacionalizma, slovenskog jezika, katoličke vjere i ideološkog antikomunizma koji su potkrijepljeni mitom o povratku. Na sličan način, današnje mlađe generacije nastavljaju s predanim radom na očuvanju svoje zajednice i korijena. Međutim, u okolnostima sve slabijega aktivnog sporazumijevanja na slovenskom jeziku i nepostojane participacije mladih, predvodnici zajednice počeli su organizirati atraktivna događanja u kojima popularna glazba sve izraženije doprinosi konstrukciji slovenstva. U tom je kontekstu nastao sastav Baires Polka koji je osnovalo pet amaterskih glazbenika 2012. godine. Sastav čine četiri unuka i jedan sin slovenskih političkih emigranata u Argentini koji uglavnom izvode obrade poznatoga slovenskog sastava Avsenik. Odabrana studija slučaja omogućila je analizu načina na koji potomci dijaspore izabiru, preoblikuju i nastavljaju glazbene prakse iz domovine svojih predaka. Time je ujedno potvrđena važna uloga glazbe u prenošenju identiteta s prve generacije emigranata na drugu i treću generaciju koje nemaju vlastitih iskustava iz domovine svojih roditelja, baka i djedova. S obzirom na to da je više članova sastava primilo financijsku potporu Republike Slovenije kako bi unaprijedili svoje sviračke vještine u Glazbenoj školi Avsenik, ovaj primjer dodatno rasvjetljava međuodnos pojmova poput transnacionalnih glazbenih praksi, mobilnosti i uloge države u jačanju nacionalnog identiteta. Pritom se ističe način na koji se kulturni identiteti i prakse dijaspore oblikuju u odnosu na osobni subjektivitet, transnacionalne kulturne poveznice i političku konstrukciju nacionalnog identiteta.
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