Geographical names are proper names of geographical features. They are characterized by different meanings, contexts, and history. Local names of geographical features (endonyms) may differ from the ...foreign names (exonyms) for the same feature. If a specific geographical name has been codified or in any other way established by an authority of the area where this name is located, this name is a standardized geographical name. In order to establish solid common ground, geographical names have been coordinated at a global level by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) since 1959. It is assisted by twenty-four regional linguistic/geographical divisions. Among these is the East Central and South-East Europe Division, with seventeen member states. Currently, the division is chaired by Slovenia. Some of the participants in the last session prepared four research articles for this special thematic issue of Acta geographica Slovenica. All of them are also briefly presented in the end of this article.
Slovenian exonyms in North America Perko, Drago; Kladnik, Drago
Acta geographica Slovenica : Geografski zbornik,
01/2017, Letnik:
57, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The number of Slovenian exonyms around the world decreases with distance from Slovenia. This applies less so to North America, where their density is twice as high as in South and Central ...America.Based on a comparative analysis of geographical names from all important world atlases in Slovenian, we prepared two spreadsheets of Slovenian exonyms. The extensive spreadsheet has 5,038 names and the concise spreadsheet has 3,819 names. Each exonym has thirty-five thematic fields.In North America, marine hydronyms (21.1%) are the most numerous semantic type of exonyms, and completely translated names (77.9%) are the most numerous Slovenianized type of exonyms. Among the original languages of exonyms, English completely prevails (97.1%).The most commonly used Slovenian exonyms from North America in Slovenian texts are Dolina smrti ‘Death Valley’, Veliki kanjon ‘Grand Canyon’, Niagarski slapovi ‘Niagara Falls’, Skalno gorovje ‘Rocky Mountains’, and Aleuti ‘Aleutian Islands’.
The digitisation of historical collections aims to increase global access to scientific artifacts, especially those from currently inaccessible areas. Historical collections from North Korea ...deposited at foreign herbaria play a fundamental role in biodiversity transformation patterns. However, the biodiversity pattern distribution in this region remains poorly understood given the severe gaps in available geographic species distribution records. Access to a dominant proportion of primary biodiversity data remains difficult for the broader scientific and environmental community. The digitisation of foreign collectors' botanical collections of around 60,000 specimens from the Korean Peninsula before World War II is ongoing. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by developing the first comprehensive, open-access database of biodiversity records for the Korean Peninsula. This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the specimens that Urbain Jean Faurie, Emile Joseph Taquet and Ernest Henry Wilson have collected and are kept in several herbaria.
An open-access database of biodiversity records provides a simple guide to georeferencing historical collections. The first set describes E. H. Wilson's collection of woody plants collected in the Korean Peninsula and preserved at the Harvard University Herbaria (A). This set includes 1,087 records collected from 1917 to 1918. The other collections contain specimens collected by E. J. Taquet (4,727 specimens from Quelpaert (Jeju), 1907-1914) and U. J. Faurie (3,659 specimens from North Korea and Quelpaert, 1901, 1906 and 1907). For each specimen, we recorded the species name, locality indication, collection date, collector, ecology and revision label. This set contains more than 9,400 specimens, with 22% of vascular plants from North Korea and 66% from Quelpaert (Jeju) Island. In these collections, we included some images that correspond to the specimens in this dataset.
This article discusses the delicate relationships when demarcating the concepts of endonym and exonym. In addition to problems connected with the study of transnational names (i.e., names of ...geographical features extending across the territory of several countries), there are also problems in ethnically mixed areas. These are examined in greater detail in the case of place names in Slovenia and neighboring countries. On the one hand, this raises the question of the nature of endonyms on the territory of Slovenia in the languages of officially recognized minorities and their respective linguistic communities, and their relationship to exonyms in the languages of neighboring countries. On the other hand, it also raises the issue of Slovenian exonyms for place names in neighboring countries and their relationship to the nature of Slovenian endonyms on their territories. At a certain point, these dimensions intertwine, and it is there that the demarcation between the concepts of endonym and exonym is most difficult and problematic.
The geographic literature made an important contribution to the development of national consciousness among Slovenes in the 19thcentury, as well as to the reinforcement of Slovene identity after ...Slovenia's independence in 1991. A typical example of this kind of geographic publication is Atlant, the first atlas of the world in the Slovene language, which was published in installments from 1869 to 1877. Atlant followed the concept of a Unified Slovenia, and this idea boosted the confidence of Slovenes, the bulk of whom were incorporated into Austria-Hungary as they entered the stage of European politics as a nation for the first time. With the publication of Atlant, a number of geographical names were trans-lated into Slovene or Slovenized for the first time. The geographic, linguistic, and political conditions in which Slovenes lived, as well as the relations at the time between Slovene, German, and Slavic languages, are reflect-ed in the way foreign place names were adapted. The reprinting of Atlant in 2005 is also associated with a critical period in history, since it was published after the independence of Slovenia and its inclusion in the European Union, a time when the young state has been seeking its identity among all the world's nations.
Rad obuhvaća osobe koje su uključene u stvaranje i izradu djela ili su predmet djela. S osobom koja je ustanovila ili prisvojila više bibliografskih identiteta, pseudonima ili oblika imena može se ...postupiti dvojako: kao sa zasebnim personama s autoriziranim oblikom za svaku personu i dodatnim nadziranim pristupnicama za neusvojene oblike imena ili kao s jednom personom za pojedinca koja postaje autorizirani oblik, a s imenima ostalih persona postupa se kao s neusvojenim oblicima imena pojedinca. Heteronimi, izrazi preuzeti iz lingvistike, prikazuju se na različitim primjerima poput stvaratelja Fernanda Pessoe koji je ustanovio preko sedamdeset bibliografskih identiteta s vlastitim fizičkim izgledom, biografijom i različitim stilovima pisanja, i kod nas najpoznatije Olje Savičević-Ivančević. Za razliku od pseudonima koji je samo izmišljeno ime pisca, heteronim, osim imena, mijenja i karakter i osobine osobe. Egzonimi i endonimi, izrazi preuzeti iz etnolingvistike, prikazuju se na primjerima nadziranih pristupnica za ime entiteta osoba i za ime entiteta mjesto. Prikazuje se odnos pojedinih nacionalnih knjižnica u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj prema uporabi više imena za istog stvaratelja i odnos prema egzonimima i endonimima. Navode se i primjeri autoriziranih podataka za naslove izrađenih na nacionalnim jezicima i na latinskom jeziku u svjetskim nacionalnim knjižnicama.
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