ABSTRACT In a rapidly changing world, to confront biodiversity losses and the lack of appreciation for and knowledge about the most diverse groups of organisms, it is urgently necessary to stimulate ...cultural shifts that transcend purely scientific and technological domains. The work of this thesis included scientific-ecological and environmental philosophical research that was integrated into formal and non-formal environmental education practices that value freshwater insects, particularly as indicators of climate change. In this way, at a local scale this work aims to contribute to greater knowledge, appreciation and conservation of this unique sub-Antarctic biodiversity, and at a global scale it aims to contribute overcoming the under-appreciation for the most diverse group of organisms: the insects. KEY WORDS: climate change, conservation, long-term socio-ecological research, invertebrates, Magallanes, subantarctic.
In this paper, we examine how nature is defined and perceived and address the conflict between constructivism and essentialism. By exploring modern perspectives on the concept of nature that stem ...from the field of social sciences, we will review the analysis of Murray Bookchin’s dialectical naturalism regarding the very essence of nature. We argue that dialectical naturalism offers a dynamic developmental concept of nature that goes beyond the context of constructivism and supports that the truth of nature can be conceived.
This paper discusses one particular way we may put the idea of sharing in ubuntu philosophy into practice: moderate selflessness. Moderate selflessness is an important tool that might help us pursue ...other‐regarding behaviour alongside the agent's genuine well‐being interests to help disrupt the antagonistic gap between humanity and nonhumanity. I suggest that, properly understood, moderate selflessness may provide conceptual resources to avoid antagonistic environmental practices, including the concerns of poverty and biodiversity loss.
Climate Crisis as Relational Crisis Shelbi Nahwilet Meissner; Andrew Frederick Smith
Feminist philosophy quarterly,
05/2024, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1/2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
It is commonly assumed that we currently face a climate crisis insofar as the climatological effects of excessive carbon emissions risk destabilizing advanced civilization and jeopardize cherished ...modern institutions. The threat posed by climate change is treated as unprecedented, demanding urgent action to avert apocalyptic conditions that will limit or even erase the future of all humankind. In this essay, we argue that this framework—the default climate crisis motif—perpetuates a discursive infrastructure that commits its proponents, if unwittingly, to logics that ultimately reinforce the dynamics driving climate change and its attending injustices. By centering Indigenous feminist environmental discourses, which privilege the role of richly interweaving networks of responsibilities composing extended more-than-human kinship arrangements, we contend that climate crisis is instead primarily a manifestation of devastating multidimensional relational disruptions of Indigenous lands and lives. More pointedly, it is a rebound effect of centuries of accumulating colonial injustices against responsible lifeways that are critical for socioecological adaptability and responsiveness. Framing climate crisis as relational crisis hereby creates discursive space for much needed transformational Indigenous feminist visions for justly and effectively addressing climate change.
El deplorable estado del medioambiente en esta segunda década del siglo XX invita a revalorizar los planteamientos y aproximaciones éticas realizadas sobre la relación del ser humano y su entorno. ...Con ello, se patentiza la necesidad de un principio de incidencia que articule la acción humana sobre el medioambiente: la empatía preventiva ecológica. El presente texto desarrolla esta propuesta a través de un recorrido reflexivo sobre las necesidades y características de esta nueva época geológica: el Antropoceno, donde el ser humano se posiciona como una fuerza de impacto para su entorno. Aquí se analiza cómo los planteamientos éticos han fallado al presentar una disyunción normativa, generalizando propuestas que en casos singulares no son aplicados, y denotando la urgencia ética de nuevas soluciones. Los avances reflexivos de los últimos años y las nuevas aproximaciones teóricas de la relación del ser humano con el medioambiente han presentado una novedosa filosofía medioambiental, con postulados como la Deep Ecology y la Ecosofía. Con base en estas nuevas ideas se construye la propuesta de empatía preventiva ecológica. Aquí se abordarán las distintas significaciones de los elementos que constituyen esta idea, su ámbito de aplicación e importancia moral. Se concluye argumentado que esta nueva propuesta constituye una superación de las problematizaciones de la disyunción normativa y un camino para lograr una eficiente ética ecológica.
There is growing evidence that time spent in nature can affect well-being. Nonetheless, assessing this relationship can be difficult. We used social media data—1,971,045 geolocated tweets sent by ...81,140 users from locations throughout Seattle, Washington, USA—to advance our understanding of the relationship between subjective well-being and natural environments. Specifically, we quantified the relationships between sentiment (negative/neutral/positive) expressed in individual geolocated tweets and their surrounding environments focusing on land-cover type, tree-canopy density, and urban parks. Controlling for multiple covariates such as location types and weather conditions, we estimated three random-intercept partial proportional odds models corresponding to the three environmental indicators. Our results suggest that for a given type of land-use, tweets sent from some natural land-cover types were less likely to be negative compared to tweets sent from the urban-built land-cover type. We also found that for tweets sent in industrial zones, the association between tree-canopy coverage and sentiment polarity was positive: an increase in tree-canopy coverage was associated with a lower probability of having negative sentiments and with a higher probability of having positive sentiments; but for tweets sent in commercial/mixed zones, the association between tree-canopy coverage and sentiment polarity was negative. For parks, tweets sent from urban parks in commercial/mixed zones and residential zones were less likely to be negative compared to tweets sent from outside parks. In industrial zones, only tweets sent from large natural parks (with area >= 40,000 sf2 and impervious surface < 30%) were less likely to be negative. Surprisingly, we also found that tweets sent from large natural parks in residential zones were less likely to be positive compared to tweets sent from outside parks. Geolocated social media data allows nuanced analyses that reveal the complexity of the relationship between subjective well-being and natural environments.
El objetivo principal de la investigación es sistematizar algunas de las contribuciones de la filosofía ambiental de Arne Naess para el enfoque de One-Health. Para lograr lo anterior, en el curso de ...la investigación se analizan algunos conceptos esenciales que están en la base de la Ecosofía T, a saber: self ecológico, proceso de identificación, florecimiento de todos los seres y la teoría de la Self-realización. La investigación busca elaborar una conexión entreética ambiental y bioética ecológica articulando los aportes de Naess y Potter. La tesis utiliza un enfoque mixto de corte hermenéutico (Gadamer, 1999; Ricœur, 2008a) para esclarecer las relaciones y conceptos que pueden ayudar a fortalecer el alcance normativo del enfoque de One-Health. Dentro de las conclusiones de la investigación se destacan las siguientes: Para lograr llevar el enfoque de One-Health a la práctica se requiere, por una parte, revitalizar elcontenido normativo de la salud humana a través de una mejor comprensión de los conceptos de vulnerabilidad, interdependencia e interconexión que están en su base (Beever, & Morar, 2017; Herring, 2016; Tavaglione et al., 2015). Adicionalmente, no es suficiente con atender y resolver las inequidades de salud de larga data, como las inequidades de género y el racismo ecológico, sino que además es necesario avanzar en una mejor y más profunda articulación entre las tres dimensiones la salud humana, animal y ambiental. En otras palabras, necesitamos reconocer la salud animal y la salud ambiental como objetivos principales de One-Health, con su propio valor inherente y que están intrínsecamente conectados a la salud humana (Barrett & Osofsky, 2013). Esto plantea la necesidad de reconocer la salud como un bien universal y como una condición necesaria para una vida floreciente compartida entre especies, ecosistemas y generaciones futuras (Degeling et al., 2016).
Art, one of the purest forms of human expression, provides many positive aspects to society, However, when taking a deeper look into the way in which the art world operates a dark cloud is cast over ...the seemingly harmless industry. Environmental sustainability in the art world, or lack there-of, is a pressing issue that has become increasingly relevant as the globe's population increases, global temperatures rise, and consumerism continues to rage rampant. As the environmental clock continues to tick towards the point of no return this thesis examines the history and current state of environmental sustainability practices in regards to the art world. The aim of this thesis and the research conducted was to identify what are the key challenges and barriers in transitioning from conventional art world/design/logistic practices to more sustainable approaches, and how can they be addressed efficiently?
Many accept two views about the morality of our interactions with animals. First, that it is prima facie morally wrong to harm animals. Second, that we have general permission to kill animals. I call ...the combination of these views Conscientious Omnivorism (CO). This dissertation argues against CO. I begin the argument by considering the nature of well-being. More generally, I argue that discussions of animal ethics ought to begin with an account of well-being. This is demonstrated through the examination of the role well-being plays in some seminal accounts of animal ethics. I then defend the mental state theory of well-being against its most common objection, the Experience Machine Case, first demonstrating the faults in common responses to this case. Following this, I present the Conflation Explanation against the Experience Machine. According to the Conflation Explanation, mental state theorists can argue the Experience Machine increases one’s welfare but is troubling due to its negative effects on quality of life. I then consider one of mental state theory’s leading competitors, desire-based theories of welfare. Specifically, its view of ill-being, those things that make life worse. I argue that, even after my best attempts to modify desire theory, it fails to give a plausible view of ill-being. Finally, in closing I examine possible defenses of CO. Such defenses hold that death is not harmful for animals or less harmful than it is for humans. I argue that these defenses rely on dubious views about the nature of welfare, the comparative welfare experienced by humans and animals, and/or the comparative interests that humans and animals have in their future welfare. Thus, I conclude we ought to reject CO as death may be as significant of a harm for animals as it is for humans.
