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•Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully extracted from Diss stems.•Chemical and enzymatic pretreated celluloses from Diss were acid hydrolyzed.•CNC from enzymatic treated ...fibres (E-CNC) exhibited enhanced thermal stability.•CNC from chemically treated fibres (C-CNC) have reduced size compared to E-CNC.
The aim of this research activity was based on the revalorization of Amplodesmos mauritanicus (Diss), an African grass largely presented in the Algerian territory. Diss stems were selected as native botanic material for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Two different pretreatment steps were carried out to extract CNC from Amplodesmos mauritanicus stems and the following acidic hydrolysis procedure allowed to extract/obtain cellulose nanocrystals in aqueous suspension. The effect of the two different pretreatments, based essentially on chemical or enzymatic treatments, were deeply investigated and the properties compared. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were considered for the characterization of raw material, chemical or enzymatic treated Diss stems and CNC extracted from both chemical and enzymatic pretreated cellulose.
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•Dye and phenol removal via enzyme immobilization technology are reviewed.•Factors affecting the performance of immobilized enzymes are discussed.•Recent developments on enzyme ...immobilization technologies are elucidated.•Potential and challenges of nanotechnology in enzyme immobilization are discussed.•Future perspectives in this direction have been proposed.
Global water pollution caused by dye and phenol contaminants has been reported to have reached an alarming level. These hazardous contaminants pose significant threats to humans and ecosystem, due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Various technologies have emerged for dyes and phenols removal from wastewater, such as physical adsorption, chemical oxidation, ozonation, extraction, and electrochemical treatments. However, these conventional methods are constrained by low efficiency and stability, high cost, and formation of harmful by-products. In recent years, there has been growing interest towards the development of immobilized enzyme technologies because they are more economical, effective and eco-friendly. Among various enzymes, peroxidases have generated extraordinary interest attributed to their ability to catalyze reactions of a variety of undesirable pollutants, such as dyes and phenol effluents. Immobilization of enzyme can enhance its catalytic efficiency, improve storage and operational stabilities, as well as allow enzyme recovery and reusability. Although numerous existing immobilized enzymatic systems have been established, their practical applications are limited due to mass transfer restriction, lack of feasibility for scaling-up and continuous operations, and difficulty for separation of immobilized enzymes from reaction mixtures. Therefore, much attention has been devoted to the immobilization of enzymes on nano-structured materials. In the current review, effects of process parameters on immobilized enzymes for applications in both dye and phenol treatment are discussed and summarized. Recent advanced technologies as well as challenges and future perspectives for research and development in this field are also highlighted.
Because of the recalcitrance of some micropollutants to conventional wastewater treatment systems, the occurrence of organic micropollutants in water has become a worldwide issue, and an increasing ...environmental concern. Their biodegradation during wastewater treatments could be an interesting and low cost alternative to conventional physical and chemical processes. This paper provides a review of the organic micropollutants removal efficiency from wastewaters. It analyses different biological processes, from conventional ones, to new hybrid ones. Micropollutant removals appear to be compound- and process- dependent, for all investigated processes. The influence of the main physico-chemical parameters is discussed, as well as the removal efficiency of different microorganisms such as bacteria or white rot fungi, and the role of their specific enzymes. Even though some hybrid processes show promising micropollutant removals, further studies are needed to optimize these water treatment processes, in particular in terms of technical and economical competitiveness.
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•Some micropollutants are recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment systems.•Micropollutant removal are compound- and process-specific.•Hybrid processes may achieve better micropollutant removal.•An environmentally and economically sustainable water treatment process is needed.
The structure and mechanism of umami taste receptor remain largely unclear, thus, far more research is necessary to increase the knowledge of tasty modalities. Umami/umami-enhancing peptides and ...their derivatives are widely distributed in foods and have been reported to play important roles in food taste through different modes of interactions with the umami receptors.
In this review, recognition of umami taste receptor, along with the structures and possible binding sites (orthosteric and allosteric sites) of umami/umami-enhancing peptides and their derivatives, was firstly described. The validation of the structural characteristics of umami and umami-enhancing substances and their binding sites to the receptors allows better understanding of the sensing mechanisms of umami taste.
There are several receptors responsible for the recognition of umami substances and each receptor may be activated through different mechanisms. Besides orthosteric sites, allosteric binding sites are also found and being emphasized as it may explain why complementary interactions among umami or umami-enhancing peptides and their derivatives as well as an increase in hydrophilicity of compounds may promote food acceptance. Unlike di-/tri-peptides, the spatial structure is the most critical factor for the taste modality of long-chain umami peptides besides amino acid composition. Quite a few of these peptides and derivatives can also act as taste enhancing agents. Multiple polar moieties in peptides and their derivatives may trigger the umami/umami-enhancing property. Maillard reaction and treatment with certain enzymes could facilitate the yield of umami/umami-enhancing peptide derivatives with increased hydroxyl or amino groups.
•Recognition of umami taste including receptors and their binding sites (orthosteric and allosteric binding sites).•The possible structure–taste relationship of identified umami peptides, umami-enhancing peptides and their derivatives.•The validation of possible binding sites of umami peptides, umami-enhancing peptides and their derivatives.•The contribution of peptide derivatives to the taste of foods and corresponding modification operations.
Antibiotic proliferation in the environment and their persistent nature is an issue of global concern as they induce antibiotic resistance threatening both human health and the ecosystem. Antibiotics ...have therefore been categorized as emerging pollutants. Fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotics are an emerging class of contaminants that are used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. The recalcitrant nature of fluoroquinolones has led to their presence in wastewater, effluents and water bodies. Even at a low concentration, FQs can stimulate antibacterial resistance. The main sources of FQ contamination include waste from pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, hospitals and households that ultimately reaches the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The conventional WWTPs are unable to completely remove FQs due to their chemical stability. Therefore, the development and implementation of more efficient, economical, convenient treatment and removal technologies are needed to adequately address the issue. This review provides an overview of the technologies available for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater including adsorptive removal, advanced oxidation processes, removal using non-carbon based nanomaterials, microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation. Each treatment technology is discussed on its merits and limitations and a comparative view is presented on the choice of an advanced treatment process for future studies and implementation. A discussion on the commercialization potential and eco-friendliness of each technology is also included in the review. The importance of metabolite identification and their residual toxicity determination has been emphasized. The last section of the review provides an overview of the policy interventions and regulatory frameworks that aid in retrofitting antibiotics as a central key focus contaminant and thereby defining the discharge limits for antibiotics and establishing safe manufacturing practices.
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•Advanced technologies to remove antibiotic residues from environment is reviewed.•Metabolites and importance of studying their residual toxicity is emphasized.•Modelling approach to establish PNEC as ETP discharge limit has been discussed.•Policy interventions needed to control unmonitored antibiotic release is discussed.
Biotechnology is essential for developing profitable and productive techniques to obtain metabolites. Two technologies can be used: solid or liquid fermentation and enzymatic treatments. In this ...context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of rice husk, a lignocellulosic material, to obtain bioactive compounds by lignin oxidative transformation and demethoxylation, respectively, through enzymatic treatments of P. chrysosporium and G. trabeum. In the first step, solid fermentation was used to obtain the enzyme Lig. Peroxidase and methoxyl hydrolase were quantified as 80 UE and 50 UE, respectively. This enzyme concentrate was lyophilized and used to prepare an enzymatic consortium (240 UE LigP and 150 UE metH) applied in the second phase of enzymatic treatment. The overall process involved 20 days in the solid fermentation step and 2 h for the enzymatic treatment. The obtained products were characterized by having veratryl alcohol and veratryl aldehyde at contents of 70.4 ± 0.1 and 23.3 ± 0.3 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the analyzed products did not show cytotoxicity but revealed antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities. No anti-inflammatory activity was detected. In the context of circular economy, the obtained results pointed out the use of combined solid fermentation and enzymatic treatment as a viable strategy to valorize rice husk. The applications of these bioactive compounds presenting bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity and not showing toxicity are very common in medicine, agriculture, and environmental health, among others, and can be incorporated both in free systems and immobilized in spheres, capsules or biopolymer films, which is an important input for obtaining functionalized materials that are in high demand today.
The increased use of personal care products and detergents in modern society has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects on the environment. These products contain various chemical ...compounds that can persist in water bodies, leading to water pollution and ecological disturbances. Bioremediation has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges, utilizing the natural capabilities of microorganisms to degrade or remove these contaminants. This review examines the current strategies employed in the bioremediation of personal care products and detergents, with a specific focus on their sustainability and environmental impact. This bioremediation is essential for environmental rejuvenation, as it uses living organisms to detergents and other daily used products. Its distinctiveness stems from sustainable, nature-centric ways that provide eco-friendly solutions for pollution eradication and nurturing a healthy planet, all while avoiding copying. Explores the use of microbial consortia, enzyme-based treatments, and novel biotechnological approaches in the context of environmental remediation. Additionally, the ecological implications and long-term sustainability of these strategies are assessed. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these bioremediation techniques is essential for developing effective and environmentally friendly solutions to mitigate the impact of personal care products and detergents on ecosystems.
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•Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to address environmental pollution.•Bioremediation techniques for degrading personal care products are subject to in-depth analysis.•Sustainability aspects of bioremediation are reviewed.•Insights on Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies were focussed.•Key challenges faced in implementing bioremediation strategies were identified.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main trichothecenes, that causes health-related issues in humans and animals and imposes considerable financial loss to the food industry each year. Numerous ...treatments have been reported in the literature on the degradation of DON in food products. These treatments include thermal, chemical, biological/enzymatic, irradiation, light, ultrasound, ozone, and atmospheric cold plasma treatments. Each of these methods has different degradation efficacy and degrades DON by a distinct mechanism, which leads to various degradation byproducts with different toxicity. This manuscript focuses to review the degradation of DON by the aforementioned treatments, the chemical structure and toxicity of the byproducts, and the degradation pathway of DON. Based on the type of treatment, DON can be degraded to norDONs A-F, DON lactones, and ozonolysis products or transformed into de-epoxy deoxynivalenol, DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 7-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, 3-keto-DON, or 3-epi-DON. DON is a major problem for the grain industry and the studies focusing on DON degradation mechanisms could be helpful to select the best method and overcome the DON contamination in grains.
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![[Review] Development of New...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/2185-6427/small "[Review] Development of New Starch by Enzymatic Treatment")
