Nowadays, essentialism has obtained various senses and its extension reaches out over many branches of study who have some immediate connection with it. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Saul Kripke, ...Hilary Putnam and David Wiggins are the notable upholders of essentialism. The Essentialist movement which stemmed from the view that philosophy is a speculative study of Reality was temporarily suspended or stagnated by the spirited movement of the logical positivists like Moritz Schlick, Hans Reichenbach, Rudolf Carnap and A. J. Ayer. According to these philosophers, philosophy is simply an activity of analysis of the fundamental concepts of ordinary language or of science or of any other discipline. Such concept—analysis—philosophers are called anti-essentialist. Here, I shall concentrate on the views of Aristotle. I shall discuss the doctrine of essence, natural kinds, real essence in favour of essentialism and also discuss W. V. O. Quine’s view as an anti-essentialist trend. At last I shall try to examine whether and to what extent an attack of essences reflects back certain essentialist commitments, which is to see what reasonable theory of essences can be eked out from the entire exercise.
The theory of essential definitions is a fundamental anti‐sceptic element of the Aristotelian‐Avicennian epistemology. In this theory, when we distinguish the genus and the specific differentia of a ...given essence we thereby acquire a scientific understanding of it. The aim of this article is to analyse systematically the sceptical reasons, arguments and conclusions against real definitions of three major authorities of twelfth‐century Arabic philosophy: Faḫr al‐Dīn al‐Rāzī, Šihāb al‐Dīn al‐Suhrawardī and Abū l‐Barakāt al‐Baġdādī. I focus on showing how their refutation of our capacity to provide essential definitions of things is rooted in their semantic theory: we only know things under certain descriptions which are identical to the meanings of the words that we use to refer to them, yet these descriptions do not capture the essences of things in themselves. The best result one can achieve with Aristotelian‐Avicennian scientific definitions is a “nominal definition”. With this, Rāzī, Suhrawardī and Abū l‐Barakāt will put some serious epistemic limitations on our capacity to attain scientific knowledge of things, at least as Aristotle and Avicenna would have it.
Can ‘Dasein’, of Heideggerian memory, be the basis of a new ‘vision of penalty’? The recovery of the necessary knowability of the essence of the human being, in the assessment that can be made in a ...criminal trial, would open up, or at least remind us of, what should be the way forward in order to identify a method that would make both the offender and the magistrate fully involved in the trial, in the time it takes to pass sentence. In this context, it would be more than plausible to assume that issues such as awareness, understanding and involvement of the offender are not just formally valid words, but take on a deeper meaning, even on a substantive level. And perhaps it is precisely trial time, in these terms, that could represent the juncture in which both the offender and the magistrate discover each other in their authenticity.
We investigate how the Raychaudhuri equation behaves in the k‐essence geometry. As far as we are concerned, both the early and current epochs of the universe are relevant to the k‐essence theory. ...Here, we have studied the k‐essence geometry using the Dirac‐Born‐Infeld (DBI) variety of non‐standard action. The corresponding k‐essence emergent spacetime is not conformally equivalent to the usual gravitational metric. We assume that the background gravitational metric is of the Friedmann‐Lemaitre‐Robertson‐Walker (FLRW) type in this case. We have found that both the conditional singular and non‐singular cosmological models of the universe through the modified Raychaudhuri equation are possible where we have used the spacetime as the flat k‐essence emergent FLRW‐type. We have also addressed the Focusing theorem and conditional caustic universe construction. These conditional effects are caused by the additional interactions that arise as a result of the coupling that exists between gravity and the k‐essence scalar field.
We investigate how the Raychaudhuri equation behaves in the k‐essence geometry. As far as we are concerned, both the early and current epochs of the universe are relevant to the k‐essence theory. Here, we have studied the k‐essence geometry using the Dirac‐Born‐Infeld (DBI) variety of non‐standard action. The corresponding k‐essence emergent spacetime is not conformally equivalent to the usual gravitational metric. We assume that the background gravitational metric is of the Friedmann‐Lemaitre‐Robertson‐Walker (FLRW) type in this case. We have found that both the conditional singular and non‐singular cosmological models of the universe through the modified Raychaudhuri equation are possible where we have used the spacetime as the flat k‐essence emergent FLRW‐type. We have also addressed the Focusing theorem and conditional caustic universe construction. These conditional effects are caused by the additional interactions that arise as a result of the coupling that exists between gravity and the k‐essence scalar field.
Depuis une dizaine d’années, les recherches menées sur la nature de la connaissance philosophique, le défi de l’intégration, et la connaissance des essences se sont beaucoup enrichies. En faisant ...appel à des philosophes engagés sur ces sujets, cet ouvrage se donne pour ambition de faire le point sur ces recherches brûlantes et d’en dégager les perspectives. On s’interrogera sur les relations entre connaissance métaphysique et connaissance philosophique, sur la nature des essences et sur leur connaissance, sur les liens entre essences et modalités, sur la place que joue, pour élucider celles-ci, une réflexion sur l’essentialisme et sur les espèces naturelles, sans oublier la manière dont doit se faire l’articulation entre les formes a priori et a posteriori de la connaissance.
Essentialism and Haecceitism are theories to explain the issue of individuality in objects. Some philosophers consider these two schools of philosophy to be one, and others oppose this idea. In this ...regard, it seems that essentialism and Haecceitism can not be considered as one, because Essentialism in its strongest forms, such as Origen essentialism, seeks to solve the problem of individuality in objects through individual essence, and Haecceitism seeks to explain this problem through the Haecceity. Both views provide explanations to justify their claim, and challenge the other point of view and perspective. In this article, by explaining and criticizing the views of the followers of essentialism and Haecceitism, it has reached the general evaluation that it seems that Haecceitism has been more successful in proving its approach or in criticizing the Haecceitism by presenting more and stronger arguments and in justifying individuality for possible objects. It is more acceptable.
Purpose: The study aims (1) to explore the comprehension and implementation of halal certification essence from the producers perspective of MSMEs, and (2) to make the model to apply the halal ...certification essence to MSMEs.
Design/methodology/approach: This study used qualitative methods with Hussel's phenomenological approach. This research takes a setting in East Java. The data analysis is the Interactive Model Analysis from Miles and Huberman.
Findings: The results showed indicate that the comprehension and implementation of halal certification essence from a producer's perspective of MSMEs in East Java is still relatively low. There are many MSMEs do not have certificates even though they understand the importance of halal certificates. The phenomenon at MSME producers showed that theoretically the halal certificates refers to the first basis set by Islam, namely the origin of something created by Allah is halal and permissible.
Research limitations/implications: The samples and findings are exclusively to MSMEs that very supportive in determining informants and research clusters based on MSME industry groups
Practical implications: Local governments should conduct training or coaching on positive mental strength, financial management, financial management literacy, risk management training, promotion and marketing strategy training and tourism management training. These trainings need to be done in order MSMEs have the competence and the comprehension on halal certification as one of capabilities of a good promotion The strategy and marketing strategy
Social Implications: The training pattern should use a mentoring system by involving academics. The training to MSMEs should be done routinely. Training should be maintained properly at intervals, coordination and cooperation between the government and entrepreneurs.
Originality/value: The research originality is shown by the MSMEs comprehension and mapping of halal certification as well as models to implement the halal certification essence in form of MUI regulations, MUI supervision, producer aspects and increased awareness of MSMEs in essence halal certification to supports the development of MSMEs.
Aim
This study aimed to explore whether the supervision of community public health nurses (PHNs) and nursery school teachers (NSTs) by a specialist, familiar with Early Symptomatic Syndromes ...Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE), improved the agreement of ESSENCE‐Questionnaire (ESSENCE‐Q) scoring, across raters.
Methods
A PHN, two NSTs, and a speech‐language pathologist (SLP), familiar with ESSENCE, independently assessed 32 children. The ESSENCE‐Q results were divided into the first (child 1–18) and second groups (the 19th child and the following children). Changes in score discrepancies were analysed for ESSENCE‐Q cutoff scores and total ESSENCE‐Q scores across raters. The SLP scores were used as a reference to evaluate sensitivity and specificity.
Results
The total ESSENCE‐Q scores of the PHN and NSTs showed higher concordance in the second group (p < 0.05). Comparisons of the differences between the PHN/NSTs and SLP in total ESSENCE‐Q scores showed a significantly smaller difference in the NSTs' scores in the second group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that specialist supervision may lead to a better agreement between PHN and NSTs regarding ESSENCE‐Q scores.
In this book, the author conveys criticism and suggestions regarding the development of law that has the dimension of humanity and the values of true justice. Starting from the meaning of order, ...local communities with their specific but effective policies, to the idea of legal certainty related to the status-quo. Delivered in a light and flowing language, this book needs to be read by lecturers and law students, observers, and researchers in the field of social politics, as well as anyone who cares about the value of justice and humanity. This book “mistrust” human flashiness in creating and carrying out the law, as well as breaking and tearing it down. Delivered in a light and flowing language, this book needs to be read by lecturers and law students, observers and researchers in the field of social politics, as well as anyone who cares about the value of justice and humanity.
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