The excessive use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture demands sustainable alternatives to combat crop-affecting microorganisms. Plant-derived secondary metabolites have garnered attention as ...promising candidates with antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the antimicrobial potential of tobacco plants, specifically non-commercial accessions Nic 1015 (“TI 1341”) and BHmN, recognized for their rich bioactive compounds. Our objectives encompassed the extraction of leaf surface compounds and the assessment of their in vitro antimicrobial activity against crop-damaging microorganisms. Ethanol-based extracts, abundant in diterpenes, were meticulously analyzed. Notably, BHmN contained cis-abienol, while both accessions featured α-CBT diol, as confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). TLC-Bioautography and microdilution assays unveiled substantial antifungal activity. The growth inhibition percentages correlated with extract concentrations, highlighting the pivotal role of diterpenes. These extracts exhibited pronounced efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani and Stemphylium solani but displayed relatively weaker activity against Sarocladium oryzae. Notably, Nic 1015 extract demonstrated remarkable antifungal activity at a minimal concentration of 78 µg·mL−1, while cis-abienol and sclareol inhibited the growth of Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria alternata. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against common plant culture contaminants, Bacillus licheniformis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In conclusion, the findings underscore the potential of these extracts as effective tools for controlling pathogenic fungi and bacterial contaminants in plant in vitro cultures. Harnessing plant-derived secondary metabolites, especially those from tobacco leaf surface, presents a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy to mitigate the detrimental impact of microorganisms on agricultural crops, promising a greener alternative to synthetic chemical products.
Background: Schistosomasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases with high prevalence with Praziquantel is the only drug available for the treatment and control to which emerging reduced ...susceptibility in S. mansoni appeared. Objectives: This work studied the tegmental alteration in adult Schistosoma mansoni in response to treatment with ethanolic extracts of Artemisia annua. Materials and methods: About 50 g of the plant parts dry weight was used. After that 1 g of the prepared extract was dissolved in 50 ml of 0.9% saline. 100, 50, 25, 10 & 5 𝜇g/mL different concentrations were used for in vitro antischistosomal efficacy. The experiments were conducted on three groups of adult S. mansoni worms. The first group was the negative control group where the adults were incubated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); second group was the positive control group in which adult worms were incubated in 0.1 Praziquantel. The third group was the adult worms in Ethanolic extract of Artemisia annua. The stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopywere used to assess survival and ultramorpphological changes respectively. Results: Significant reduction in the parasites movements and the survival of the adult worms with different extract concentrations which was dose dependent. After 24 h of in vitro incubation of S. mansoni with different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of A. annua various ultramorphological changes were reported comparable to those caused by Praziquantel. Conclusion: A. annua ethanolic extract provided lethal effects on the adult Schistosoma mansoni in vitro with faster and complete effect in the higher concentration
Aronia melanocarpa L. fruit (common black chokeberry) is one of the most abundant sources of antioxidant compounds in the plant world, superior to all edible fruits; chokeberry fruits contain up to ...100 g total phenols per kg fresh material, predominantly (−)epicatechin, cyanidin-3-glycosides and procyanidins (60%), added to quercetin and caffeoyl quinic acid derivates.
Most umami substances were developed in aqueous extracts. In this study, we compared the molecular weight distributions and sensory characteristics of ethanol and aqueous Takifugu obscurus muscle ...extracts, and assessed their taste-related metabolites and peptide profile (<3 kDa) using nuclear magnetic resonance and nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The potential antioxidant peptide in ethanolic fraction was screened using Peptide Ranker, BIOPEP and quantum chemical simulations. The results indicated that 60% ethanolic extract fraction (60%-F) had the highest umami intensity and more palatable overall taste among all pufferfish extracts. It can be caused by more umami enhancing components such as Asp, Asn, Ala and 5′-AMP, and considerable umami-potential smaller peptides in 60%-F. 60%-F also showed an antioxidant activity, and several antioxidant peptides was screened. The present study indicated the relationship between extract solution and taste characterization, which provided more possibility for the exploitation of umami substances and screening potential activity peptides.
Ahrendt is a medicinal plant known to have potential for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, the ethanolic extracts of the bark, leaves, and roots of
plant were evaluated for
...antimicrobial, anti-leishmanial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined by agar mix and agar well diffusion method. All extracts showed potential activity against the target bacteria (
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
) and fungal strains (
,
, and
).
proved to be the most sensitive strain for each extract, with a maximum zone of inhibition for bark at 23 ± 0.12 mm, for leaves at 22 ± 0.36 mm, and for root extracts at 20.21 ± 0.06 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration values of
bark, leaves, and roots for different target bacterial strains ranged from 1.56 to 25 mg ml
, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were in the range of 3.12 to 25 mg ml
, respectively. The root extract possessed potent antifungal activity against
with 83% of growth inhibition,
with 80%, and
with 73%. The bark extract was found active against
with 86% of inhibition, followed by 70% against
and 60% against
The leaf extract showed a significant response by 83% inhibition against
, followed by
and
with 73 and 72% inhibition, respectively. In an anti-leishmanial bioassay, the inhibitory concentration (IC
) was observed for each extract against
. The bark showed good activity (IC
= 4.95 ± 0.36 mg/ml), followed by the roots (IC
= 7.07 ± 0.18 mg/ml) and the leaves (IC
= 8.25 ± 0.29 mg/ml). An evaluation of anticancer activity was done by using MTT cell assay against HeLa cell line. Upon comparing the values of each extract to the standard, it was revealed that the ethanolic bark extract showed the highest anticancer activity with IC
= (12 ± 0.15 μg/ml), followed by the roots (14 ± 0.15 μg/ml) and the leaves (17 ± 0.21 μg/ml), respectively. The anti-inflammatory assay was undertaken by the inhibition of albumin denaturation activity, proteinase inhibitory activity, and heat-induced hemolysis activity. The IC
value for protein denaturation of the bark was IC
= 0.64 ± 0.25 mg/ml, followed by the roots (0.67 ± 0.21 mg/ml) and the leaves (0.73 ± 0.13 mg/ml). The proteinase inhibitory activity of the bark extract was IC
= 0.55 ± 0.12 mg/ml, followed by the leaves (0.62 ± 0.23 mg/ml) and the roots (0.69 ± 0.15 mg/ml), respectively. For heat-induced hemolysis assay, the bark showed the lowest IC
value (0.48 ± 0.15 mg/ml) compared to the leaves (0.52 ± 0.35 mg/ml) and the roots (0.58 ± 0.05 mg/ml) of the plant. All analyzed parts of the
plant showed significant biological activities which make the plant medicinally important and a good candidate for the isolation of antimicrobial, inflammatory, and anticancer compounds. Further studies may lead us to determine the active compounds responsible for the biological activities of the plant extracts.
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•Ethanolic extracts and phenolic compounds demonstrated anthelmintic activity.•Extracts were more active against the egg hatching than flavonoids.•Phenolic acids were the most potent ...anthelmintic compounds, as show by the egg hatch assay.•The number and position of flavonoid hydroxyl groups changed the anthelmintic activity.•This is the first investigation on the anthelmintic activity of sorbifolin, pedalitin, and chrysin.
Due to high prevalence and large pathogenicity, Haemonchus contortus is the main gastrointestinal nematode in tropical and subtropical regions. This species is responsible for severe economic losses to sheep and goat breeders in Brazil. The control of this parasite is currently compromised, mainly, due to anthelmintic resistance. In the search for natural anthelmintic alternatives, Pterogyne nitens, a native Brazilian tree with potential ethnopharmacological activity, has been identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts and phenolic compounds from P. nitens, as well as two commercial flavonoids (chrysin and morin), to derive the chemical structure and anthelmintic activity. The ovicidal and larvicidal activity of ethanolic extracts from leaves (EEL) and fruits (EEFR), as well as natural compounds from P. nitens on H. contortus were evaluated through egg hatch assay (EHA) and larval development assay (LDA). The results showed that all extracts, especially the phenolic compounds were active in the EHA and LDA. The egg hatch inhibitory effects of EEL (EC50 = 316 μg/mL) were more potent than EEFR (EC50 = 512 μg/mL). However, larval development inhibitory effects of EEL (EC50 = 47 μg/mL) and EEFR (EC50 = 35 μg/mL) were similar. Among the compounds, the flavones (sorbifolin, pedalitin, and chrysin) did not have inhibitory effects on egg hatching but presented some activity against larval development of H. contortus. In contrast, the flavonols (quercetin, rutin, and morin) showed high activity in the EHA but were inactive in the LDA. The addition of at hydroxyl group and rutinose group to the flavonoid structure increased the ovicidal and larvicidal activity, respectively. The phenolic acids showed potent anthelmintic activity: caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid had the highest anthelmintic effects, presenting EC50 values of 1.48, 0.56, and 4.93 μg/mL in the EHA; and 31, 22, and 33 μg/mL in the LDA, respectively. These results suggest that P. nitens might be a source of effective alternative compounds to control H. contortus.
The species Andrographis paniculata L. Ness, family Acanthaceae grows in many parts in the island of Java in Indonesia. In this research, new potentials of photoprotective agents from A. paniculata ...plant extracts, along with their characteristics, were investigated. The phytochemical test, infrared analysis, ultraviolet characterization, fluorescence identification, flavonoid content by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) and photoprotective analysis were performed in the extracts. The new potentials of A. paniculata plant extracts were studied at various concentrations of extracts and shown by the value of the sun protection factor (SPF). Based on phytochemical test, A. paniculata plant extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids and polyphenols. A. paniculata plant extracts have 2 maximum wavelengths at 230 nm and 362 nm. The excitation peak at 300 nm (552.11 a.u) and the emission peak at 605 nm (516.02 a.u). The flavonoid content of the extracts was 0.022 µg/mL quercetin with Rf value of 0.61. The chromatogram of the LCMS/MS is similar to quercetin-3-glycoside standard at a retention time of 2.77. The photoprotective activity of A. paniculata plant extracts had ≥ 15 SPF. Its shows the possibility to use this extract as photoprotective agent in pharmaceutical preparations.
•Propolis has been used for centuries in folk medicine.•It rich in antioxidant molecules.•It has antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties.•It has positive effects in models of ...neurodegenerative diseases.•Propolis is of a great interest in the field of anti-cancer therapy.
Natural products are an interesting source of new therapeutics, especially for cancer therapy as 70% of them have botany origin. Propolis, a resinous mixture that honey bees collect and transform from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources, has been used by ethnobotany and traditional practitioners as early in Egypt as 3000 BCE. Enriched in flavonoids, phenol acids and terpene derivatives, propolis has been widely used for its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Even though it is a challenge to standardize propolis composition, chemical analyses have pointed out interesting molecules that also present anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties that are of interest in the field of anti-cancer therapy. This review describes the various geographical origins and compositions of propolis, and analyzes how the main compounds of propolis could modulate cell signaling. A focus is made on the putative use of propolis in prostate cancer.
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•Bioactivities of 26 traditional Chinese medicinal plants extracts were investigated.•Polygonum multiflorum and Spatholobus suberectus showed the best cholinesterase inhibition.•The ...highest total phenolic and flavonoid were found with Spatholobus suberectus.•Rheum officinale gave the strongest β-amyloid aggregation inhibition activity.•Rheum officinale appears to have the most promising ferric reducing antioxidant power.
Traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plants have a long history of usage in the treatment of different diseases. Neurodegenerative disorder prevention and treatment using TCM have attracted increasing interest in recent year. In current study, the ethanolic extracts of 26 Chinese medicinal plants were prepared, two cholinesterases (ChEs), β-amyloid aggregation inhibitory, and antioxidant capacities were further investigated for evaluation their anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) potential as well as total phenolics and flavonoids contents (TPC, TFC). Of these, Polygonum multiflorum and Spatholobus suberectus were the most active ones against acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50=9.11, 9.27μg/mL), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50=4.83, 5.37μg/mL), and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH, IC50=5.69, 3.60μg/mL) with highest TPC (267, 377mg GAE/g dw) and relative higher TFC (80, 594mg RE/g dw), respectively. The highest activity was observed with the extracts of Rheum officinale in 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assay (ABTS, IC50=1.60μg/mL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power method (FRAP, 5495.43μmol Fe2+/g). Meanwhile, both R. officinale and S. suberectus exhibited the strongest inhibition (>90%) in β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42) aggregation assay. The present findings may reveal the interesting potential of S. suberectus, P. multiflorum, and R. officinale as a valuable plant source of natural bioactive molecules against AD.
In addition to their nutritional properties, mushrooms have emerged as a health supplement because of their medicinal potential. Many studies have shown that mushrooms exhibit important biological ...activities. Here, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of
(Lév.) Singer mycelia cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) and glucose peptone yeast (GPY) medium were studied. The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) of ethanolic extracts of mycelia were measured using Rel Assay kits. The antioxidant and oxidant potentials of
mycelial extracts were determined for the first time in the present study. The highest TAS, TOS, and OSI values of
were 5.416 ± 0.150 mmol/l, 1.320 ± 0.156 μmol/l, and 0.024 ± 0.003, respectively. Ethanolic mycelial extracts of
showed antimicrobial activities at concentrations from 25 to 200 μg/ml against all the studied bacteria (
,
,
, methicillin-resistant
, and
) and fungi (
,
, and
) tested by the agar dilution method. The antifungal activity of the extract was more significant than its antibacterial activity. The antioxidant, oxidant, and antimicrobial potentials of
mycelia varied depending on the culture media used. GPY medium was more suitable for the synthesis of antibiotic compounds against
, while SDB medium was more appropriate for producing metabolites with antioxidant and antifungal properties. Based on the results, ethanolic extract of
mycelia showed a significant pharmacological potential and could be used as a natural antioxidative and antimicrobial source for health benefit.
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