Geographical names are proper names of geographical features. They are characterized by different meanings, contexts, and history. Local names of geographical features (endonyms) may differ from the ...foreign names (exonyms) for the same feature. If a specific geographical name has been codified or in any other way established by an authority of the area where this name is located, this name is a standardized geographical name. In order to establish solid common ground, geographical names have been coordinated at a global level by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) since 1959. It is assisted by twenty-four regional linguistic/geographical divisions. Among these is the East Central and South-East Europe Division, with seventeen member states. Currently, the division is chaired by Slovenia. Some of the participants in the last session prepared four research articles for this special thematic issue of Acta geographica Slovenica. All of them are also briefly presented in the end of this article.
A comparison of Croatian and Slovenian exonyms Kladnik, Drago; Crljenko, Ivana; Čilaš Šimpraga, Ankica ...
Acta geographica Slovenica : Geografski zbornik,
01/2017, Letnik:
57, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Croatian and Slovenian are very closely related South Slavic languages, but during their historical development they came under the influence of various other languages and various language policies ...determined by the broader framework of Hungary and Austria. This fact makes the comparative study of exonymization in both languages very interesting. Croatian and Slovenian exonyms are not only part of the cultural heritage of both nations, but also part of global cultural heritage. The article presents a comparative analysis of exonyms in both languages carried out as part of a bilateral project lasting a year and a half. The analysis is based on an improved typology, which was adjusted to the manner of exonymization for borrowed foreign geographical names in both of these related languages.
Slovenian exonyms in North America Perko, Drago; Kladnik, Drago
Acta geographica Slovenica : Geografski zbornik,
01/2017, Letnik:
57, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The number of Slovenian exonyms around the world decreases with distance from Slovenia. This applies less so to North America, where their density is twice as high as in South and Central ...America.Based on a comparative analysis of geographical names from all important world atlases in Slovenian, we prepared two spreadsheets of Slovenian exonyms. The extensive spreadsheet has 5,038 names and the concise spreadsheet has 3,819 names. Each exonym has thirty-five thematic fields.In North America, marine hydronyms (21.1%) are the most numerous semantic type of exonyms, and completely translated names (77.9%) are the most numerous Slovenianized type of exonyms. Among the original languages of exonyms, English completely prevails (97.1%).The most commonly used Slovenian exonyms from North America in Slovenian texts are Dolina smrti ‘Death Valley’, Veliki kanjon ‘Grand Canyon’, Niagarski slapovi ‘Niagara Falls’, Skalno gorovje ‘Rocky Mountains’, and Aleuti ‘Aleutian Islands’.
The digitisation of historical collections aims to increase global access to scientific artifacts, especially those from currently inaccessible areas. Historical collections from North Korea ...deposited at foreign herbaria play a fundamental role in biodiversity transformation patterns. However, the biodiversity pattern distribution in this region remains poorly understood given the severe gaps in available geographic species distribution records. Access to a dominant proportion of primary biodiversity data remains difficult for the broader scientific and environmental community. The digitisation of foreign collectors' botanical collections of around 60,000 specimens from the Korean Peninsula before World War II is ongoing. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by developing the first comprehensive, open-access database of biodiversity records for the Korean Peninsula. This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the specimens that Urbain Jean Faurie, Emile Joseph Taquet and Ernest Henry Wilson have collected and are kept in several herbaria.
An open-access database of biodiversity records provides a simple guide to georeferencing historical collections. The first set describes E. H. Wilson's collection of woody plants collected in the Korean Peninsula and preserved at the Harvard University Herbaria (A). This set includes 1,087 records collected from 1917 to 1918. The other collections contain specimens collected by E. J. Taquet (4,727 specimens from Quelpaert (Jeju), 1907-1914) and U. J. Faurie (3,659 specimens from North Korea and Quelpaert, 1901, 1906 and 1907). For each specimen, we recorded the species name, locality indication, collection date, collector, ecology and revision label. This set contains more than 9,400 specimens, with 22% of vascular plants from North Korea and 66% from Quelpaert (Jeju) Island. In these collections, we included some images that correspond to the specimens in this dataset.
Za strane zemljopisne objekte u načelu upotrebljavamo 1) strano, tj. izvorno ime, ili 2) hrvatskomu jeziku prilagođeno ime ili 3) hrvatsko ime za određeni objekt, tj. egzonim. Kako je godine 1972. ...Skupina stručnjaka za zemljopisna imena UN-a (UNGEGN) preporučila da se ograniči upotreba egzonima te da se ne stvaraju novi, pojavila se potreba da se definira koja imena jesu egzonimi, da se popišu te da se odredi način na koji se mogu standardizirati ona imena čiji se likovi nesustavno upotrebljavaju u pojedinome jeziku. U prvome dijelu članka predstavit će se iskustva standardiziranja zemljopisnih imena na međunarodnoj i nacionalnoj razini, s posebnim osvrtom na standardizacijsko stanje u dvaju slavenskih naroda (Slovenci i Poljaci). U drugome će se dijelu analizirati jezikoslovni priručnici koji su imali najvažniju ulogu u dosadašnjim nastojanjima standardiziranja zemljopisnih imena, a to su hrvatski pravopisni priručnici objavljivani od 1889. godine do danas, te će se iznijeti zahtjevi koje je nužno provesti kako bismo u standardizaciji tih zemljopisnih imena sačuvali hrvatsku jezičnu baštinu.
The focus of the article is the standardization of names of foreign geographical features in Croatian language. For these geographical features, we generally use (1) a foreign, i.e. original name, ...(2) a name adapted to the Croatian language, i.e. an adapted name (3) Croatian name for a certain feature, i.e. an exonym. As the United Nations Group of Experts for Geographical Names (UNGEGN) has recommended the limitation of the use of exonyms and has discouraged establishing new ones since 1972, it became a necessity to define exonyms, to register and list them, and to determine the methods of standardization of names that appear in various forms, causing them to be unsystematically used in certain languages. In the first part of the article authors are describing the practice of standardization of geographical names on international, as well as national levels (authors introduce two examples for the latter: in Slovenia and Poland). Second part of the article presents the analysis of historical and contemporary Croatian orthographies – the linguistic publications that undoubtedly had the most important role in past efforts in the process of standardisation of geographical names in Croatian. The authors draw attention to the necessity of establishing the commission for the standardization of geographical names, as soon as possible. This would indisputably help to evade the current inconsistencies in the use of various names for the same geographical features. The commission in question should bring together linguists, geographers, cartographers, historians, geopoliticians and other experts.
The Vietnamese national language (quốc ngữ), in use today, uses the Latin script. Albeit the Romanized script of the quốc ngữ seems fitted to the use of the Internet on a large extent, for many of ...them, Vietnamese users seem lost when looking for foreign places or great names in history that they only know by a poor and erratic translation in their own language. Foreign place names or family names were added to the language’s lexicon without any proper intent of normalization. Finding a standardized transcription is on the way, in a slow and necessary process.
Scholarship on Muslims of Indochinese Peninsula—from the colonial period to nowadays—has often gone hand in glove with Cham research. Perceived as a unified and reduced unit, the small community of ...Cambodian Muslims is today more than ever described as one. Yet, research conducted on Chams and/or Muslims in Cambodia attests of a broad confusion of terms. The result comes at odds with the social reality of Chams or Cambodian Muslims, in fact as dynamic as it is unseizable. Through a study of some exonyms and endonyms replaced in their original contexts, the article introduces Cham social complexity and diversity in terms of discursive processes. An alternative to references generally designated as “ethnie”, religion, and nation, those pages question the validity of those categories central to the anthropology “objects” definition.
This article examines the lifecycle of Slovenian exonyms in which the characteristic stages are the creation of an exonym, its increasingly frequent use, its frequent and general use, its ...increasingly rarer use or dying out, death, and being forgotten. The findings of a similar Czech study on exonyms are briefly presented. The presentation of familiarity with Slovenian exonyms is based on an online survey that was carried out in September and October 2010. We received over 160 correctly completed questionnaires. Analyzing them increased our knowledge of familiarity with exonyms for European cities, European islands and archipelagos, and archaic exonyms for European cities that people no longer use today. We also analyzed the degree of familiarity by respondent’s ages and professions.
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