The geographic literature made an important contribution to the development of national consciousness among Slovenes in the 19thcentury, as well as to the reinforcement of Slovene identity after ...Slovenia's independence in 1991. A typical example of this kind of geographic publication is Atlant, the first atlas of the world in the Slovene language, which was published in installments from 1869 to 1877. Atlant followed the concept of a Unified Slovenia, and this idea boosted the confidence of Slovenes, the bulk of whom were incorporated into Austria-Hungary as they entered the stage of European politics as a nation for the first time. With the publication of Atlant, a number of geographical names were trans-lated into Slovene or Slovenized for the first time. The geographic, linguistic, and political conditions in which Slovenes lived, as well as the relations at the time between Slovene, German, and Slavic languages, are reflect-ed in the way foreign place names were adapted. The reprinting of Atlant in 2005 is also associated with a critical period in history, since it was published after the independence of Slovenia and its inclusion in the European Union, a time when the young state has been seeking its identity among all the world's nations.
Za strane zemljopisne objekte u načelu upotrebljavamo 1) strano, tj. izvorno ime, ili 2) hrvatskomu jeziku prilagođeno ime ili 3) hrvatsko ime za određeni objekt, tj. egzonim. Kako je godine 1972. ...Skupina stručnjaka za zemljopisna imena UN-a (UNGEGN) preporučila da se ograniči upotreba egzonima te da se ne stvaraju novi, pojavila se potreba da se definira koja imena jesu egzonimi, da se popišu te da se odredi način na koji se mogu standardizirati ona imena čiji se likovi nesustavno upotrebljavaju u pojedinome jeziku. U prvome dijelu članka predstavit će se iskustva standardiziranja zemljopisnih imena na međunarodnoj i nacionalnoj razini, s posebnim osvrtom na standardizacijsko stanje u dvaju slavenskih naroda (Slovenci i Poljaci). U drugome će se dijelu analizirati jezikoslovni priručnici koji su imali najvažniju ulogu u dosadašnjim nastojanjima standardiziranja zemljopisnih imena, a to su hrvatski pravopisni priručnici objavljivani od 1889. godine do danas, te će se iznijeti zahtjevi koje je nužno provesti kako bismo u standardizaciji tih zemljopisnih imena sačuvali hrvatsku jezičnu baštinu.
This study has collected and analysed a database of place-names containing potential ethnonymic elements. Competing models of ethnicity are investigated and applied to names about which there is ...reasonable confidence. A number of motivations for employment of ethnonyms in place-names emerge. Ongoing interaction between ethnicities is marked by reference to domain or borderland, and occasional interaction by reference to resource or transit. More superficial interaction is expressed in names of commemorative, antiquarian or figurative motivation. The implications of the names for our understanding of the history of individual ethnicities are considered. Distribution of Walh-names has been extended north into Scotland; but reference may be to Romance-speaking feudal incomers, not the British. Briton-names are confirmed in Cumberland and are found on and beyond the fringes of the polity of Strathclyde. Dumbarton, however, is an antiquarian coining. Distribution of Cumbrian-names suggests that the south side of the Solway Firth was not securely under Cumbrian influence; but also that the ethnicity, expanding in the tenth century, was found from the Ayrshire coast to East Lothian, with the Saxon culture under pressure in the Southern Uplands. An ethnonym borrowed from British in the name Cumberland and the Lothian outlier of Cummercolstoun had either entered northern English dialect or was being employed by the Cumbrians themselves to coin these names in Old English. If the latter, such self-referential pronouncement in a language contact situation was from a position of status, in contrast to the ethnicism of the Gaels. Growing Gaelic self-awareness is manifested in early-modern domain demarcation and self-referential naming of routes across the cultural boundary. But by the nineteenth century cultural change came from within, with the impact felt most acutely in west-mainland and Hebridean Argyll, according to the toponymic evidence. Earlier interfaces between Gaelic and Scots are indicated on the east of the Firth of Clyde by the early fourteenth century, under the Sidlaws and in Buchan by the fifteenth, in Caithness and in Perthshire by the sixteenth. Earlier, Norse-speakers may have referred to Gaels in the hills of Kintyre. The border between Scotland and England was toponymically marked, but not until the modern era. In Carrick, Argyll and north and west of the Great Glen, Albanians were to be contrasted, not necessarily linguistically, from neighbouring Gaelic-speakers; Alba is probably to be equated with the ancient territory of Scotia. Early Scot-names, recorded from the twelfth century, similarly reflect expanding Scotian influence in Cumberland and Lothian. However, late instances refer to Gaelic-speakers. Most Eireannach-names refer to wedder goats rather than the ethnonym, but residual Gaelic-speakers in east Dumfriesshire are indicated by Erisch-names at the end of the fifteenth century or later. Others west into Galloway suggest an earlier Irish immigration, probably as a consequence of normanisation and of engagement in Irish Sea politics. Other immigrants include French estate administrators, Flemish wool producers and English feudal subjects. The latter have long been discussed, but the relationship of the north-eastern Ingliston-names to mottes is rejected, and that of the south-western Ingleston-names is rather to former motte-hills with degraded fortifications. Most Dane-names are also antiquarian, attracted less by folk memory than by modern folklore. The Goill could also be summoned out of the past to explain defensive remains in particular. Antiquarianism in the eighteenth century onwards similarly ascribed many remains to the Picts and the Cruithnians, though in Shetland a long-standing supernatural association with the Picts may have been maintained. Ethnicities were invoked to personify past cultures, but ethnonyms also commemorate actual events, typified by Sasannach-names. These tend to recall dramatic, generally fatal, incidents, usually involving soldiers or sailors. Any figures of secular authority or hostile activity from outwith the community came to be considered Goill, but also agents of ecclesiastical authority or economic activity and passing travellers by land or sea. The label Goill, ostensibly providing 178 of the 652 probable ethnonymic database entries, is in most names no indication of ethnicity, culture or language. It had a medieval geographical reference, however, to Hebrideans, and did develop renewed, early-modern specificity in response to a vague concept of Scottish society outwith the Gaelic cultural domain. The study concludes by considering the forms of interaction between ethnicities and looking at the names as a set. It proposes classification of those recalled in the names as overlord, interloper or native.
Rad obuhvaća osobe koje su uključene u stvaranje i izradu djela ili su predmet djela. S osobom koja je ustanovila ili prisvojila više bibliografskih identiteta, pseudonima ili oblika imena može se ...postupiti dvojako: kao sa zasebnim personama s autoriziranim oblikom za svaku personu i dodatnim nadziranim pristupnicama za neusvojene oblike imena ili kao s jednom personom za pojedinca koja postaje autorizirani oblik, a s imenima ostalih persona postupa se kao s neusvojenim oblicima imena pojedinca. Heteronimi, izrazi preuzeti iz lingvistike, prikazuju se na različitim primjerima poput stvaratelja Fernanda Pessoe koji je ustanovio preko sedamdeset bibliografskih identiteta s vlastitim fizičkim izgledom, biografijom i različitim stilovima pisanja, i kod nas najpoznatije Olje Savičević-Ivančević. Za razliku od pseudonima koji je samo izmišljeno ime pisca, heteronim, osim imena, mijenja i karakter i osobine osobe. Egzonimi i endonimi, izrazi preuzeti iz etnolingvistike, prikazuju se na primjerima nadziranih pristupnica za ime entiteta osoba i za ime entiteta mjesto. Prikazuje se odnos pojedinih nacionalnih knjižnica u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj prema uporabi više imena za istog stvaratelja i odnos prema egzonimima i endonimima. Navode se i primjeri autoriziranih podataka za naslove izrađenih na nacionalnim jezicima i na latinskom jeziku u svjetskim nacionalnim knjižnicama.
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