The forty-year Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which took place in and around Tuskegee, Alabama, from the 1930s through the 1970s, has become a profound metaphor for medical racism, government malfeasance, ...and physician arrogance. Susan M. Reverby's Examining Tuskegee is a comprehensive analysis of the notorious study of untreated syphilis among African American men, who were told by U.S. Public Health Service doctors that they were being treated, not just watched, for their late-stage syphilis. With rigorous clarity, Reverby investigates the study and its aftermath from multiple perspectives and illuminates the reasons for its continued power and resonance in our collective memory.
A tale scopo II paper Illustra I primi esitl dl una sperimentazione costruttiva In corso dl svolgimento nell'amblto dl una rlcerca internazionale che vede colnvolte la Scuola dl Architettura e Design ..."Eduardo Vittoria" dl Ascoli Piceno dell'ünlversltâ dl Camerino e due atenei glapponesi (Kelo University e Kokushikan University). Nell'ambito delle attivita che il SAAD-Lab, questa e la sua denominazione, ha stimolato e reso possibili, nel 2017 un'unita di ricerca afferente (prevalentemente) al Settore Scientifico Disciplinare ICAR12 ha avviato una ricerca interuniversitaria che vede la compartecipazione, al momento, di tre gruppi di ricerca incardinati rispettivamente presso la SAAD di Ascoli Piceno (di cui l'autore del paper e responsabile scientifico), la Keio University di Tokyo (responsabile scientifico prof. Hiroto Kobayashi) e la Kokushikan University (responsabile scientifico prof. Akira Suzuki). Nel prosieguo del lavoro, la cui originalita risiede anche negli alti livelli di "contaminazione" tra culture scientifiche e progettuali differenti (quali sono quelle italiana e giapponese), si puntera allottimizzazione di alcuni aspetti tra i quali, in particolare: la semplificazione delle fasi di montaggio, la loro velocizzazione (in attuazione di un innovativo principio di instant building), la progressiva miniaturizzazione ed ottimizzazione dei componenti costruttivi, l'incremento dei livelli di ibridabilita del sistema con altri (di completamento) provenienti da differenti filiere produttive, nonché l'articolazione - a partire dal modulo base realizzato - di sistemi abitativi piu complessi. La metodologia adottata e incentrata su un processo progettuale ricorsivo articolato in cinque fasi: a) produzione di maquette di studio realizzate in modo artigianale ed estemporaneo; b) adottando tecniche di progettazione parametrica, realizzazione di modelli digitali8; c) realizzazione di prototipi in scala ridotta dei modelli digitali (1:10) e di alcune componenti in scala 1:1; d) restituzione grafica del progetto anche nei suoi aspetti costruttivi e processuali; e) produzione, con tecniche di digital manufacturing, del modulo abitativo in scala 1:1, ovvero del prototipo finale che, secondo un metodo proprio della produzione industriale, sara testato in laboratorio per essere ulteriormente ottimizzato.
Evidence, ethos and experiment Geissler, P. Wenzel; Molyneux, Catherine
2011., 20110915, 2011, 2011-10-01, 20110101
eBook
Medical research has been central to biomedicine in Africa for over a century, and Africa, along with other tropical areas, has been crucial to the development of medical science. At present, study ...populations in Africa participate in an increasing number of medical research projects and clinical trials, run by both public institutions and private companies. Global debates about the politics and ethics of this research are growing and local concerns are prompting calls for social studies of the “trial communities” produced by this scientific work. Drawing on rich, ethnographic and historiographic material, this volume represents the emergent field of anthropological inquiry that links Africanist ethnography to recent concerns with science, the state, and the culture of late capitalism in Africa.
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause diseases such as gas gangrene and necrotizing enteritis in a variety of economic animals, seriously ...affecting public health and the economic benefits and healthy development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Perfringolysin O (PFO) is an important virulence factor of C. perfringens and plays critical roles in necrotic enteritis and gas gangrene, rendering it an ideal target for developing new drugs against infections caused by this pathogen. In this study, based on biological activity inhibition assays, oligomerization tests and computational biology assays, we found that the foodborne natural component piceatannol reduced pore-forming activity with an inhibitory ratio of 83.84% in the concentration of 16 µg/mL (ICsub.50 = 7.83 µg/mL) by binding with PFO directly and changing some of its secondary structures, including 3-Helix, A-helix, bend, and in turn, ultimately affecting oligomer formation. Furthermore, we confirmed that piceatannol protected human intestinal epithelial cells from the damage induced by PFO with LDH release reduced by 38.44% at 16 µg/mL, based on a cytotoxicity test. By performing an animal experiment, we found the C. perfringens clones showed an approximate 10-fold reduction in infected mice. These results suggest that piceatannol may be a candidate for anti-C. perfringens drug development.
Recent scandals and controversies—such as the falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism of data in federally funded science; the manipulation and distortion of research sponsored by private ...companies; human embryonic stem cell research; cloning; and the patenting of DNA and cell lines—illustrate the importance of ethics in scientific research. This book provides an introduction and overview of many of the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today. The book includes chapters on research misconduct, conflicts of interest, data management, mentoring, authorship, peer review, publication, intellectual property, research with human subjects, research with animal subjects, genetic and stem cell research, international research, and ethical decision making. The book also features dozens of real and hypothetical cases for discussion and analysis and introduces the reader to important research regulations and guidelines. Now in its second edition, this book synthesizes the diverse talents and experiences. This second edition of this book includes new chapters and cases and has been brought up to date on the latest issues and problems in research ethics.
The CONSORT Statement for randomised controlled clinical trials was one of the first guidelines developed in response to this need 24,25. Since publication, an increasing number of leading journals ...have supported CONSORT as part of their instructions to authors 26,27. ...convincing evidence is emerging that CONSORT improves the quality and transparency of reports of clinical trials 28,29.
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