Due to high-intensity agricultural production activities and the excessive use of chemical substances such as fertilizers and pesticides, agricultural nonpoint source pollution has surpassed ...industrial and urban residential pollution to become the number one contributor to nonpoint source pollution in China. Promoting farmers' participation in agricultural nonpoint source pollution management is a key link to achieve the goal of sustainable agricultural development. Based on an expanded theory of planned behavior, we identified the key influencing factors of farmers' participation in agricultural nonpoint source pollution management. According to microsurvey data from 600 farmers in Huai'an, China, we used a structural equation model to analyze in depth the influence of farmers' internal cognition and their perceptions of the external environment to explore the formation mechanism of their participation in agricultural nonpoint source pollution management behavior. The study shows that, first, government regulations promote the green development of the agricultural market environment and social organizations and that farmers' perceptions of the external environment strengthen the influence of their internal cognition but are not fully significant. Second, farmers' internal cognition can enhance their willingness to participate, and the influence of attitudes is the strongest. Finally, there is a positive relationship between the level of response of farmers' participation in pollution control behavior and their perceived behavioral control and willingness to control. Based on the above analysis, we propose policy recommendations in terms of government regulation, market regulation, organization construction, and multisubject collaboration to mobilize the enthusiasm of various subjects and to improve the efficiency of agricultural nonpoint source pollution management.
•Application of polycentric governance theory in nonpoint source pollution control.•Government regulations promote the green development of the agricultural environment.•Among farmers' cognition, attitude has the strongest influence on intention.•Farmers' perceptions of the external environment will influence their cognition.•Farmers' perceived behavior control and intention promote their governance behaviors.
Assessing potential disruptiveness of innovations is an important but challenging task for incumbents. However, the extant literature focuses only on technological and marketplace aspects, and most ...of the documented methods tend to be case specific. In this study, we present a multidimensional measurement framework to assess the disruptive potential of product innovations. The framework is designed based on the concept that the nature of disruptive innovations is multidimensional. Three aspects are considered, i.e., technological features, marketplace dynamics and external environment. Ten indicators of the three categories are proposed and then connected based on the conceptual and literature analysis. Three innovations, namely, WeChat (successful), Modularised Mobile Phone (failed) and Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (ongoing), are selected as case studies. A panel of industrial experts with PhD degree in engineering is surveyed. The survey results are calculated and analysed according to the framework and then compared against the developments of the innovations. We also check the robustness of this framework by surveying other groups of people, and the results are nearly identical to the previous findings. This study enables a systematic assessment of disruptive potential of innovations using the framework, providing insights for decisions in product launch and resource allocation.
•We construct a quantitative framework for measuring disruptive potential.•Three aspects included in the framework: technological, marketplace and environment.•Internal connectivity of the indicators are exploited and verified in the survey.•Success of WeChat and failure of modularised mobile phone are well explained.•Capturing some niche markets could fulfil the disruptive potential of VR/AR.
Understanding the region-specific efficiency of the water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus is critical for the effective design of governance strategies. To exclude the heterogeneous influence of the ...external environment and unveil the real efficiency of the WEF nexus in 30 provinces in China, a three-stage data envelopment analysis was used for efficiency measurement from 2005 to 2016. The results showed that after eliminating external environmental factors and statistical noise, the number of frontier-efficiency provinces decreases, and most provinces experience rank change, except for Tianjin. The average value of the WEF real efficiency in China rose from 0.202 in 2005 to 0.599 in 2016. The provinces were then categorized into four groups based on water and energy endowment for efficiency comparison. Between 2005 and 2016, the efficiency of each group increased, with that of the “water scarcity-energy importing” group being the highest. Furthermore, external environmental factors impede the enhancement of provincial WEF nexus efficiency, mainly because the extensive growth of external environmental factors focuses on scale expansion, rather than on quality improvement, leading to a large-scale slack in WEF inputs. The results of this study provide implications for governance strategies designed from external environmental factors and WEF resource endowment aspects.
•Efficiency of WEF nexus is critical for the effective design of governance strategies.•A 3-stage DEA method was used to calculate China's real efficiency of the WEF nexus.•30 provinces are categorized into four groups by WEF resources endowment.•External environmental factors underestimate China's WEF nexus efficiency.
Prior research often focuses on how many entrepreneurial firms are created, rather than on institutions that encourage specific types of firms or entrepreneurs. This paper identifies institutional ...changes that reduce barriers to growth as an important factor influencing the propensity of individuals to start a business. The findings suggest that the impact of lower barriers to growth is shaped by the extent of the reduction in barriers to growth and the level of human capital of the individual. Only a large reduction in barriers to growth has a stronger impact in increasing the likelihood of founding at higher levels of human capital. I capitalize on two reforms lowering barriers to growth as natural experiments. One reform, in 1988, only slightly lowered barriers to growth. The second reform, in 1999, more strongly lowered barriers to growth with an amendment to the Chinese constitution reversing regulations that favored firms with foreign investors. This made it easier for domestic entrepreneurs to compete. I collected data through a survey of 2,966 alumni who graduated from a top Chinese university. Results show that reducing the institutional barriers to growth differently affects college-educated individuals with different levels of human capital.
The aim of this research is to examine the influence of environmental factors on students' entrepreneurial decisions in Indonesia. Based on theoretical mapping and previous research, the results ...showed that the environmental factors in question are the internal and external environment. The research design used is quantitative, with the population consisting of alumni of the Master of Sharia Economics UIN SATU Tulungagung. Based on the distribution of questionnaires to 158 alumni, 123 respondents or 78% were obtained and the remaining 22% did not fill out the questionnaire. By analyzing data using regression, the results showed that there was a significant positive internal and external environment on entrepreneurial decisions. Respondents were motivated to become entrepreneurs because it has been their dream since birth, government policies are pro-entrepreneurship, open access to obtain financing, entrepreneurship has become a culture, and promises independence for an entrepreneur.
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