Der Begriff „Faschismus“ scheint zu einem Allerweltsbegriff geworden zu sein: Ausgehend von Mussolinis „Faschisten“, übernommen von den Nationalsozialisten unter Hitler, findet er sich heute in ...nahezu allen politischen Auseinandersetzungen: Trump, Putin, Orbán, Bolsonaro, in Deutschland Höcke, die AfD.
Während einige argumentierten, dem Wort „Faschismus“ fehle es an jeglicher charakteristischen, begrifflichen Bedeutung, liefern andere ausführliche Definitionen seiner –vermeintlich oder tatsächlich – wesentlichen Merkmale. Es handelt sich zweifelsohne um einen Begriff, dessen genaue Bestimmung eine einzigartige Herausforderung darstellt.
Roger Griffin, einer der führenden Experten auf dem Gebiet der Faschismusforschung, analysiert mit einzigartiger begrifflicher Klarheit und zugleich sehr lesbar die Ideologie des Faschismus. Er untersucht Ursprung und Entwicklung des Faschismus als politisches Konzept von seinen historischen Anfängen im Italien der 1920er-Jahre bis hin zur Gegenwart – und leitet uns durch das verworrene Labyrinth an Debatten über Natur, Bedeutung und Definitionen des Faschismus. Mit Kompetenz und Präzision beleuchtet Griffin die faschistische Dynamik als utopische Ideologie von nationaler und zugleich ‚rassischer‘ Wiedergeburt. Dabei untersucht er insbesondere auch die Wandelbarkeit des Faschismus über den Zweiten Weltkrieg hinaus und ermöglicht so ein Verständnis faschistischer Elemente in gegenwärtigen politischen Phänomenen wie der griechischen Goldenen Morgenröte, Marine Le Pens Rassemblement National oder der Partei Alternative für Deutschland.
Nicht nur für Studierende der politischen Theorie, der Ideengeschichte und der Neuesten Geschichte Deutschlands, Europas und der Welt ist dieser kompakte und fesselnde Band von großem Interesse, sondern auch für alle, die angesichts des vieldiskutierten Ansteigens faschistischer politischer Aktivitäten in Sorge sind.
Roger Griffins Einsichten in die Faschismusforschung werden dabei erstmalig in deutscher Sprache zugänglich gemacht.
In einem hochaktuellen Nachwort widmet sich Fabian Virchow, Professor für Politikwissenschaften und Experte für Rechtsextremismus und Neonazismus, der Frage, inwieweit sich der Faschismusbegriff auch auf die gegenwärtige Partei Alternative für Deutschland anwenden lässt.
Bu çalışma faşizmin üretilme biçimlerinden gündelik-sıradan faşizme odaklanmaktadır. Gündelik faşizmin sıradanlığı onu görünmez kılmakta ve her an her yerde olabileceği sonucunu doğurmaktadır. ...Faşizmi üreten koşullar içerisinde Ekşi Sözlük yazarlarının Suriyeli Sığınmacılar başlığı altında yazdıkları metinler söylem analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma faşizmin sıradanlığı ortaya koyduktan sonra gündelik-sıradan faşizme karşı mücadele etmenin yollarını arıyor.
This study focuses on the ways in which fascism is produced, from casual-ordinary fascism. Casual fascism is ordinary, invisible and everywhere. The texts written by Ekşi Sözlük under Syrian Refugees under the conditions that produce fascism were analyzed by discourse analysis. The study looks for ways to combat casual-ordinary fascism after revealing the ordinaryness of fascism.
Nae Pasaran. Documentary directed by Felipe Bustos Sierra. BBC Scotland/Conejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes/Creative Scotland. 2018. 96 minutes.IN 1973, the Chilean military, with the ...encouragement of US President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and the collusion of the CIA, overthrew the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende.In the years that followed, tens of thousands of people were murdered, detained and tortured by the regime, which became increasingly brutal in its repression of opposition. Hundreds of Chileans fled broad, aided and abetted by foreign governments, trades union and church organisations.
Zero Point Ukraine Stiazhkina, Olena; Umland, Andreas; Kulinska, Svitlana
2021, 20210330, Letnik:
10
eBook
In her Four Essays on World War II, Olena Stiazhkina inscribes the Ukrainian history of World War II into a wider European and world context. Among other aspects, she analyzes the mobilization ...measures on the eve of the war, and reconsiders Soviet narratives on them. Scrutinizing social and political processes initiated by the Bolshevik leadership in the 1920s and 1930s, she outlines how mobilization and militarization became integral parts of Soviet politics.
Today, the Kremlin uses Soviet and post-Soviet Russian narratives of World War II to justify its aggressive policies towards a number of democratic countries. Russia is engaged in falsification of the past to underpin claims of a so-called “Russian World” and its ongoing war against Ukraine. Against this background, Stiazhkina offers a new understanding of what happened in Ukraine before, during, and after World War II.
The FUCI was the official organisation for the laity of Italian Catholic Action for the university sector and exists until the present day.1 As such, it was an important element of the lay Catholic ...world within Fascist Italy, as well as having a wider presence within Italian society. Thus, the study of the FUCI provides a means of studying the dynamics of Catholicism within Fascist Italy. At the same time, however, the FUCI has a wider significance for the study of Catholic politics and intellectual ideas within Italy, as a remarkably large proportion of the future Christian Democrats who would rule the destinies of the country after the Second World War received much of their intellectual training in the ranks of the federation.
2 Additionally, in the 1925-33 period, the central ecclesiastical assistant of the organisation
was Giovanni Battista Montini, the future pope Paul VI.
La FUCI era la organización oficial para los laicos de la Acción Católica Italiana para el sector universitario y existe hasta el día de hoy. Como tal, era un elemento importante del mundo católico laico dentro de la Italia fascista, además de tener una presencia más amplia dentro de la sociedad italiana. Por lo tanto, el estudio de la FUCI proporciona un medio para estudiar la dinámica del catolicismo dentro de la Italia fascista. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, la FUCI tiene un significado más amplio para el estudio de la política católica y las ideas intelectuales dentro de Italia, ya que una proporción notablemente grande
de los futuros democratacristianos que gobernarían los destinos del país después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial recibió mucho de su formación intelectual en las filas de la federación. Además, en el período 1925-1933, el asistente eclesiástico central de la organización fue Giovanni Battista Montini, el futuro Papa Pablo VI.
This essay focuses on the disavowed histories of Italy's fascist past with a specific focus on how select historical disavowals reverberate in the present through the law of restricted citizenship, ...policies governing the lives of migrants, and recent pro-natal campaigns. I take as the occasion for my discussion, the 2017 exhibit at the Museo della Shoah in Rome, entitled "The Enemy Race: Nazi and Italian Fascist Propaganda." Through representations of the child during Mussolini's reign, the exhibit represents Mussolini's investment in the Italian child, conceived of as Catholic, Aryan, and born on Italian soil. His regime aimed to cultivate a future generation that would purify the nation through physical vitality, a belief in racial elitism, and loyalty to the nation state, while casting Jewish and "non-Italian" children as enemy subjects. I argue that the pedagogical impulse of the Museo della Shoah aims, not only to represent life histories that have been imperfectly erased from post-war memory, but also to recognize such a project as an interminable process of reflection that unfolds in a country that continues to suffer under the weight of its disavowed colonial and anti-Semitic history.
The legal scholarship of the National Socialist and Fascist period of the 20th century and its subsequent reverberation throughout European law and legal tradition has recently become the focus of ...intense scholarly discussion. This volume presents theoretical,historical and legal inquiries into the legacy of National Socialism and Fascism written by a group of the leading scholars in this field. Their essays are wide-ranging, covering the reception of National Socialist and Fascist ideologies into legal scholarship; contemporary perceptions of Nazi Law in the Anglo-American world; parallels and differences among authoritarian regimes in the Third Reich, Austria, Italy, Spain, and Vichy-France; how formerly authoritarian countries have dealt with their legal antecedents; continuities and discontinuities in legal thought in private law, public law, labour law, international and European law; and the legal profession’s endogenous obedience and the pains of Vergangenheitsbewältigung. The majority of the contributions were first presented at a conference at the EUI in the autumn of 2000, the others in subsequent series of seminars.
Though the extreme right was not particularly successful in the 1999 European elections, it continues to be a major factor in the politics of Western Europe. This book, newly available in paperback, ...provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the extreme right in the Netherlands (Centrumdemocraten, Centrumpartij'86), Belgium (Vlaams Blok) and Germany (Die Republikaner, Deutsche Volksunion). On the basis of original research - using party literature - the author concludes that though individual parties might stress different issues, the extreme right party family does share a core ideology of nationalism, xenophobia, welfare chauvinism, and law and order. The author's research and conclusions clearly have broader implications for the study of the extreme right phenomenon and party ideology in general, and the book should be of interest to anyone studying or researching in the areas of European politics, political ideologies, political parties, extremism, racism or nationalism.
Adolf Hitler is the most notorious political figure of the twentieth century. The story of his life, how he became a dictator, and how he managed to convince so many to follow his cause is a subject ...of perennial fascination.
Balancing narrative and analysis, this biography employs a chronological approach to describe the main features of Hitler’s career. Set against the background of developments in Germany and Europe during his lifetime, the text tells the extraordinary story of how an Austrian layabout rose to become Führer of the Third Reich.
The chapters incorporate into their narrative the major debates surrounding Hitler’s ideas, behaviour and historical significance. Particular attention is paid to his experience as a soldier in 1914 -18 and to the reasons why his original left-wing sympathies transmuted into Nazism. Arguments over the real character of Hitler’s dictatorship are analysed and a measured assessment is offered on the disputed issues of how far Hitler initiated the Third Reich’s domestic and foreign policies himself and to what extent he was controlled by events. His destructive leadership of wartime Germany is now a subject of close scrutiny among historians and the book’s final chapters deal with this theme and offer a set of reflections on Hitler’s relationship with the German people and his legacy to the German nation.
Michael Lynch provides a balanced guide to this most difficult of figures that will be enlightening for students and general readers alike
"Michael Lynch’s Hitler manages to achieve the seemingly impossible: to introduce readers to Adolf Hitler and to make sense of his place in 20 th century German history in a masterful and lively, yet concise and comprehensive manner. This is a splendid book." - Dr Thomas Weber, University of Aberdeen, UK
List of maps. Chronology. Introduction. 1. Aimless Youth, 1889-1918 2. Moving from Left to Right, 1919-23 3. Building a Party, 1923-29 4. Manoeuvring into Office, 1929-33 5. The Third Reich, 1933-39 6. Foreign affairs, 1933-38 7. Hitler’s Germany 8. Towards War, 1938-39 9. Hitler’s Reich at War, 1939-41 10. Defeat and Disaster, 1942-45. Conclusion.
Michael Lynch is an Honorary Fellow in the School of Historical Studies at the University of Leicester. His research interests are in modern European and Chinese history and his recent student-friendly publications include: Mao (2004), Modern China (2006), Autocracy to Communism: Russia 1894-1941 (2008), and Nazi Germany (2012).
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