In 2008, a woman entered an Ontario courtroom to give evidence at a preliminary inquiry involving childhood sexual assault charges against her uncle and cousin. She sought to testify while wearing a ...niqab, a garment that conceals the entire head and face, leaving only an opening for the eyes. The Court was asked to decide the novel question of whether it could accommodate the Muslim veil in a justice system that provides the accused with a right to face his accuser. The Supreme Court of Canada divided three ways, with justices disagreeing deeply both about the analysis for determining whether to permit a witness to wear the niqab and the values and interests at play in the analysis.
O artigo aborda os impactos da corrução sobre o direito fundamental a uma prestação jurisdicional adequada baseando-se na administração da justiça, analisando os direitos das partes envolvidas, a ...eficiência dos procedimentos e sua efetividade, com base na ideia de processo justo, trazendo suas vertentes conceituais normativas e pragmáticas. Ademais, demonstra a partir da análise de caso as desfuncionalidades cartorárias que ocorrem em serventias judiciais e sua relação com a corrupção, diante dos problemas relativos com a eficiência do sistema de justiça, burocracia e gestão dos tribunais e seus órgãos, evidenciando a necessidade de se fazer o mapeamento dos riscos da corrupção no Poder Judiciário.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current significance of the right to examine, or have examined, incriminating witnesses within the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. In ...order to undertake this analysis, the paper will begin by recalling the traditional way through which Strasbourg has guaranteed the right to confrontation, namely through the "sole or decisive" rule which states that the rights of the defence are unacceptably undermined when a conviction is mainly based on evidence not subjected to confrontation. The discussion will subsequently focus on a recent and crucial judgement (Al-Khawaja and Tahery v. United Kingdom) that has inaugurated a new approach: the "overall examination". Owing to this "overall examination" the use of untested evidence--even when decisive for convicting the accused--is "fair" in the presence of strong procedural safeguards, which permit a proper assessment of the reliability of unchallenged depositions. Special attention will be paid to the effects of the overruling on the scope of the European right to confrontation and on its relationship with the increasingly wide notion of a "fair trial". In the final section of the paper, the overruling will be examined in light of the European Court's duty to develop common standards for the protection of human rights.
According to the Babylonian Talmud, "every judge who judges a case with complete fairness, even for a single hour, is credited by the Torah as though he had become a partner to the Holy One" in the ...work of creation.2 It has always been understood, however, that not all judges will decide every case with complete fairness-as a result, edicts designed to ensure judicial impartiality have been recorded since ancient days.
Special investigative techniques—undercover operations and surveillance methods—may raise different human rights issues depending on the purpose of their use. This article maps out the legal points ...addressed in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular, the way the techniques are used, the conditions of the use of their results as evidence in criminal proceedings, and the conditions under which the results of such methods can be kept confidential.
La collégialité est un mode d’organisation juridictionnel qui a su traverser différentes phases historiques. Le XXIème siècle pourrait être une époque charnière puisqu’il se caractérise par le ...développement des nouvelles technologies. Si de tout temps les justiciables ont souhaité obtenir une réponse rapide à leur litige, cette célérité d’accès à l’information ne fait qu’accroître leur attente. Or, la collégialité nécessite du temps. A cela s’ajoute son coût. Le droit positif témoigne une restriction d’accès à la collégialité au second degré tandis qu’elle est en discussion devant la Cour de cassation. Cette limitation n’est pas en désaccord avec la volonté de la préserver alors qu’elle ne doit pas conduire à terme à son éviction. Deux raisons justifient son maintien. La première est qu’elle renforce certaines garanties du droit à un procès équitable et ce, parfois de manière perceptible. La seconde raison tient au fait qu’elle permet de contrecarrer la complexité d’un litige comme l’illustre le renvoi d’une affaire à une collégialité. Les propositions afin de réduire ses contraintes matérielles sont multiples. Elles puisent leur inspiration dans le droit interne mais aussi externe, la collégialité n’étant pas une exception française.
Collegiality is a jurisdictional organization that has gone through different historical phases. The 21st century could be a pivotal time as it is characterized by the development of new technologies. If at all times litigants have wanted a quick response to their dispute, this speed of access to information only increases their expectations. However, collegiality requires time. To this is added its cost. Positive law testifies to a restriction of access to collegiality in the second degree while it is under discussion in the Court of Cassation. This limitation is not at odds with the desire to preserve it, although it should not ultimately lead to its removal. Two reasons justify its maintenance. The first is that it reinforces certain guarantees of the right to a fair trial, sometimes in a perceptible way. The second reason is that it makes it possible to counteract the complexity of litigation as illustrated by the referral of a case to collegiality. The proposals to reduce its material constraints are multiple. They draw their inspiration from internal but also external law, collegiality not being a French exception.
Autor u radu daje prikaz jednog važnog ljudskog prava optuženika – prava na obrazloženu sudsku odluku zajamčenog člankom 6. stavkom 1. Europske konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih ...sloboda. Polazna je tvrdnja autora da svaka sudska odluka kojom se odlučuje o kaznenom djelu, krivnji i kazni, mora biti potpuno i pravilno obrazložena. Pri tome opseg i sadržaj obrazloženja ne mora biti isti kod svih vrsta presuda, o čemu se u radu daju detaljniji izvodi. Također se upozorava na iznimnu važnost ovog optuženikovog ustavnog, zakonskog i konvencijskog prava, koja se ogleda u tome što je pravilno napisana kaznena presuda, posebice njezino obrazloženje, jamstvo pravičnog suđenja te istinitosti i zakonitosti donesene odluke. Osim toga, njome se osigurava djelotvorno ostvarenje i njegova prava na žalbu u kaznenom postupku. U kontekstu navedenih odrednica navedena su brojna pravna stajališta visokih domaćih i međunarodnih sudova. Zaključno se u radu ističe da nasuprot pravu optuženika na obrazloženu sudsku odluku stoji pozitivna obveza suda da svoje odluke pravilno, određeno i jasno obrazloži sukladno procesnim pravilima i općeprihvaćenim ustavnim i međunarodnopravnim standardima.
Despite Palestine's endeavour to seek full UN membership and herewith gain the support of the international community, strong tendencies towards violating basic fair trial principles can be observed ...on the ground. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the current Rule of Law building efforts in the occupied Palestinian Territories by an exemplary analysis of the status of the right to defence. The study examines the legal situation of the right to defence in Palestine and how those regulations are interpreted and applied in everyday practice. Considering recent developments of access to legal defence and legal aid on the UN and EU level, this article demonstrates the importance of granting comprehensive access to defence as part of the rule of law building efforts, and also underlines the necessity of its application during the early stages of criminal procedure.
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