Abstract The genus Pentacalia belongs to the tribe Senecioneae. It is represented by approximately 160 species predominantly distributed in the Andes. Species of Pentacalia are characterized by ...having a scandent habit, usually alternate leaves, axillary or terminal capitulescence, homogamous or heterogamous capitula, commonly yellow ray-florets, yellowish, creamy, or whitish disc-florets, sagittate to caudate anther-bases, and cypselae with five to ten ribs. The aim of the present study was to perform a taxonomic treatment of Pentacalia in Brazil, where it is represented by two species, P. desiderabilis and P. tropicalis, from the Atlantic Forest Domain. Detailed descriptions, taxonomic discussions, geographical distributions, an identification key, illustrations and a new record of P. tropicalis for the Northeast Region are presented. Moreover, three names (Senecio desiderabilis, S. ellipticus, and S. tropicalis) are lectotypified.
Resumo O gênero Pentacalia pertence à tribo Senecioneae. É representado por aproximadamente 160 espécies distribuídas, predominantemente, nos Andes. As espécies de Pentacalia são caracterizadas pelo hábito escandente, folhas normalmente alternas, capitulescência axilar ou terminal, capítulos homógamos ou heterógamos, flores do raio comumente amarelas, flores do disco amareladas, creme ou esbranquiçadas, base das anteras sagitadas ou caudadas e cipselas com cinco a dez costelas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de realizar o tratamento taxonômico de Pentacalia no Brasil, onde o gênero está representado por duas espécies, P. desiderabilis e P. tropicalis, oriundas do Domínio Floresta Atlântica. São apresentadas descrições detalhadas, discussões taxonômicas, distribuição geográfica, uma chave de identificação, ilustrações e um novo registro de P. tropicalis para a região Nordeste. Além disso, três nomes (Senecio desiderabilis, S. ellipticus e S. tropicalis) são lectotipificados.
An effective pollinator was investigated based on visiting insects to confirm the pollination mechanism of Impatiens furcillata Hemsl. (cheo-jin-mul-bong-seon), an annual herb that is also a species ...endemic to Korea that has hardly been studied in relation to pollination ecology. The insects that visited the group of I. furcillata studied here consisted of four orders, 11 families, and 16 species; Hymenoptera had seven species (43.8%), Lepidoptera had four (25.0%), Diptera four (25.0%), and Hemiptera one (6.2%). Visiting insects were divided into those that took only nectar, those that took nectar and pollen, and those that took neither. Insects that are effective for pollination are judged considering the length and body type of their mouth parts, and Amegilla florea Smith (huin-jul-beol) is judged to be the most effective pollinator in the survey area. As a result of observing pollination behavior, when visiting a flower, A. florea, which extended its glossa, approached the front, landed on a wing petal of I. furcillata, crawled into the flower tube, and then backed up and reversed its steps, with pollen adhered to its back. The findings here present basic information about species biology related to both I. furcillata and A. florea.
We explore the principles of pressure tolerance in enzymes of deep‐sea fishes using lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) as a case study. We compared the effects of pressure on the activities of LDH from ...hadal snailfishes Notoliparis kermadecensis and Pseudoliparis swirei with those from a shallow‐adapted Liparis florae and an abyssal grenadier Coryphaenoides armatus. We then quantified the LDH content in muscle homogenates using mass‐spectrometric determination of the LDH‐specific conserved peptide LNLVQR. Existing theory suggests that adaptation to high pressure requires a decrease in volume changes in enzymatic catalysis. Accordingly, evolved pressure tolerance must be accompanied with an important reduction in the volume change associated with pressure‐promoted alteration of enzymatic activity (
ΔVPP∘
). Our results suggest an important revision to this paradigm. Here, we describe an opposite effect of pressure adaptation—a substantial increase in the absolute value of
ΔVPP∘
in deep‐living species compared to shallow‐water counterparts. With this change, the enzyme activities in abyssal and hadal species do not substantially decrease their activity with pressure increasing up to 1–2 kbar, well beyond full‐ocean depth pressures. In contrast, the activity of the enzyme from the tidepool snailfish, L. florae, decreases nearly linearly from 1 to 2500 bar. The increased tolerance of LDH activity to pressure comes at the expense of decreased catalytic efficiency, which is compensated with increased enzyme contents in high‐pressure‐adapted species. The newly discovered strategy is presumably used when the enzyme mechanism involves the formation of potentially unstable excited transient states associated with substantial changes in enzyme–solvent interactions.
The studies of lactate dehydrogenase of hadal and abyssal fishes vs. pressure revealed an unexpected aspect of piezophilic adaptation—an increase in specific volume change of pressure‐induced deactivating transition concomitant with an increase in the pressure of half‐inactivation (P1/2). As a result, the enzymes from deep‐living species remain unaffected by pressures up to 1–2 kbar, in contrast to their shallow‐water counterpart.
We provide here a new combination,
Ichthyothere quinquenervia
, based on Vellozo’s name
Terrentia quinquenervis
(Asteraceae, Millerieae). This species was formerly known under the name
Ichthyothere ...integrifolia
, and can be recognized by being an herbaceous plant with a terminal cymose inflorescence usually with three heads, and an involucre with three or four inner phyllaries. We also designate a lectotype for
Terrentia quinquenervia
and for some of its synonyms.
Висвітлено історію формування Наукового гербарію Уманського національного університету садівництва (UM) та сьогодення. Складові його колекції мають історичну, наукову і навчальну характеристику. Зі ...складу історичної іменної колекції виділено гербарні збори учня Уманського училища землеробства і садівництва – Йосипа Конрадовича Пачоського, які було зібрано в околицях міста Умані, оранжереях. Формування дендрологічного гербарію здійснив головний садівник Царициного саду (нині – Національний денрологічний парк "Софіївка" НАН України) Юліус Робертович Ланцький і Нікітського ботанічного саду, Крим. Наведено результати опрацювання ексикат Herbarium Florae Rossicae (1897-1907 рр.) історичного гербарію Уманського училища землеробства і садівництва, які зберігаються у науковому гербарії Уманського національного університету садівництва. Встановлено, що колекція ексикат нараховує 1948 гербарних зразків, отриманих шляхом обміну з ботанічним відділенням Санкт-Петербурзького товариства природодослідників. Проаналізовано кількісний склад ексикат окремих колекторів Herbarium Florae Rossicae та виявлено наявність гербарних зборів учнями училища І. Андрієвського, В. Бихацького, П. Герасимчук, І. Горбач, Ф. Заморського, В. Казута, С. Руденко в 1899 р. в околицях Умані. Охарактеризовано меморіальні колекції викладачів ботаніки, які сформовані у різні віхи історії під час викладання курсу ботаніки, декоративної дендрології, лісівництва та ін. Опрацьовано меморіальну колекцію доцента В. А. Гаврилюка, зібрану під час проведення досліджень рослин у студентські роки (Карпати), навчання в аспірантурі (Ленінград), виконання науково-дослідницької роботи (півострови Чукотка та Камчатка). Автори наголосили на його бережливому ставленні до цінних історичних колекцій у часи його завідування кафедри ботаніки. У цьому дослідженні розглянуто створення навчальних колекцій Algae, Lichеnophyta, Bryophyta, Equіsetophyta, Lycopodiоphyta, Pteridophyta, як демонстраційний матеріал на лабораторно-практичних заняттях, виокремлення сучасних студентських гербаріїв у дослідженні регіонів України та виїзних експедицій викладачами. Обґрунтовано роботу гербарію сьогодні та досягнення в майбутньому.
Calf diarrhea caused by pathogenic
is a major cause of death in calves, with a mortality rate of over 50%. It is crucial to understand the pathogenesis and development of calf diarrhea for its ...prevention and treatment. We aimed to study the effect of pathogenic
on the flora composition, function, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content of calf feces using a calf diarrhea model. Sixty-four newborn Holstein calves (40-43 kg) were divided into a normal group (NG;
= 32) and a test group (TG;
= 32). At the beginning of the experiment, the TG were orally administered pathogenic
O1 (2.5 × 10
CFU/mL, 100 mL) to establish a calf diarrhea model, and the NG were orally administered the same amount of physiological saline solution. The calves of the two groups were subjected to the same feeding and management. Fresh feces samples were collected at different time points and subjected to 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the fecal microbial composition and SCFA content. Pathogenic
O1 significantly altered microbiotas composition in the feces of calves, increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing that of Firmicutes. It also led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of
and a decrease in
, as well as significantly decreased SCFA content. Therefore, we postulate that pathogenic
induces calf diarrhea by causing intestinal florae imbalance and reducing the content of SCFA.
Predictive species distribution models are standard tools in ecological research and are used to address a variety of applied and conservation related issues. When making temporal or spatial ...predictions, uncertainty is inevitable and prediction errors may depend not only on data quality and the modelling algorithm used, but on species characteristics. Here, we applied a standard distribution modelling technique (generalized linear models) using European plant species distribution data and climatic parameters. Predictive performance was calculated using AUC, (Cohen’s) Kappa and true skill statistic (TSS), that were subsequently correlated with biological and life-history traits. After accounting for phylogenetic dependence among species, model performance was poorest for species having a short life span and occurring in human disturbed habitats. Our results clearly indicate that the performance of distribution models can be dependent on functional traits and provide further evidence that a species’ ecology is likely to affect the ability of models to predict its distribution. Biased and less reliable predictions could misguide policy decisions and the management and conservation of our natural heritage.
As part of the ongoing search for novel antimicrobial agents and their use in singular or combined drug therapy, peptide fractions of molecular weights about 14.500 and 15.00kDa were isolated from ...the hemolymph of wild (Apis florae) and carniolan (Apis carnica) bees of Saudi Arabia obtained from different regions in Riyadh (variable plant sources) during the honey seasons (spring and summer) 2008–2009. Following experimental infection with 1.1×l06 viable Escherichia coli cells (ATCC 25922), the antimicrobial peptides were purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Antibacterial activity of the isolated peptide was evaluated in vitro by an agar well diffusion method for E. coli strain (ATCC 25922) and Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (ATCC 11678), the major Gram negative pathogens causing urinary tract infections, and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) as Gram positive bacteria. A total of 10 honey samples collected from bee hives selected arbitrary at different floral areas of south Riyadh were also investigated for their antimicrobial activities against the yeast, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and four standard bacteria strains, E. coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) using standard antimicrobial assays. The isolated antibacterial peptides and the different honey samples revealed comparable marked variations in antimicrobial activities and their sensitivity might be depending on their variable floral sources.
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