Continued reliance on chemical methods for controlling annual bluegrass has resulted in many populations evolving resistance to PRE and POST herbicides, particularly in warm-season turfgrass species ...such as zoysiagrass. Soil seedbank management is critically important when managing herbicide-resistant weeds. Fraise mowing (also spelled fraze, frase, and fraize) is a new turfgrass cultivation practice designed to remove aboveground biomass while allowing turf to regrow vegetatively. We hypothesized that this process would remove annual bluegrass seed and therefore be a mechanical means of controlling annual bluegrass in turfgrass. Zoysiagrass field plots were fraise-mowed in June 2015 only, June 2016 only, June 2015 and June 2016, or left untreated. The fraise mower was configured to remove the uppermost 25 mm of plot surface (i.e., 15-mm verdure and 10-mm soil). Annual bluegrass infestation was quantified in April following fraise mowing via grid count. Soil cores (10.8 cm diameter) were extracted from each plot after grid count data were collected to assess effects of fraise mowing on the soil seedbank. Moreover, replicated subsamples (7.6 L) of debris generated during fraise mowing were collected to better understand weed seed content removed during the fraise mowing process. Fraise mowing in June offered a slight reduction (24%) in annual bluegrass cover the following April. Whereas 28% of the seed in fraise-mowing debris consisted of annual bluegrass, there was no difference in the quantity of annual bluegrass seed remaining in the soil seedbank among fraise-mowed and non–fraise-mowed plots. Although fraise mowing may help to temporarily reduce existing annual bluegrass infestations via mechanical removal, the frequency and depth we studied did not effectively reduce the seedbank. Fraise mowing is a useful tool for providing mechanical suppression of annual bluegrass but it is not a replacement for properly timed herbicide applications. Nomenclature: Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.); zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)
Magic Bailey, Michael D.
2018, 20170728, 2017-07-28
eBook
Magic: The Basics is a concise and engaging introduction to magic in world history and contemporary societies. Presenting magic as a global phenomenon which has manifested in all human cultures, this ...book takes a thematic approach which explores the historical, social, and cultural aspects of magic.
Key features include:
attempts to define magic either in universal or more particular terms, and to contrast it with other broad and potentially fluid categories such as religion and science;
an examination of different forms of magical practice and the purposes for which magic has been used;
debates about magic’s effectiveness, its reality, and its morality;
an exploration of magic’s association with certain social factors, such as gender, ethnicity, and education, among others.
Offering a global perspective of magic from antiquity through to the modern era and including a glossary of key terms, suggestions for further reading, and case studies throughout, Magic: The Basics is essential reading for anyone seeking to learn more about the academic study of magic.
Kajkavski govor, za razliku od standarda, veoma je bogat frazeologijom. U ovome radu riječ je o frazeološkim oblicima đurđevečkoga kajkavskog govora u kojima je sastavnica zoonim. Među zoonimima ...prevladavaju uglavnom domaće životinje s kojima je čovjek živio i radio. Prisutne su i one s kojima se susretao u polju, šumi i vinogradu, a spominje se i nekoliko životinja tuđih staništa. Među frazeološkim oblicima ponajviše je poredbenih frazema, zatim poslovica, izreka, fraza, narodnih vjerovanja i predviđanja vremena. Posebno su navedeni oblici u kojima je prisutan zoonim „pas“, koji je
najzastupljeniji od domaćih životinja. Na kraju rada naveden je rječnik manje poznatih riječi. Frazeološki oblici korišteni u ovome radu dio su leksikografske građe prikupljenje za izradu rječnika đurđevečkoga govora.
U radu je ponuđena raščlamba stilskih i govorničkih figura u poeziji i u putopisima fra Ivana Franje Jukića, angažiranoga franjevačkoga pisca i borca za političku samostalnsot Bosne. Autor je utvrdio ...da Jukić u svoj književni izraz unosi elemente narodnih govora, što se posebno zapaža u uporabi pučkih fraza i kolokacija. S druge strane, izbor tzv. knjiških figura otkriva utjecaj franjevačke tradicije, posebno jezika starijih franjevačkih ljetopisa.
U članku se analiziraju struktura i opseg imenskih skupina s prijedložnim komplementima, realizacija sintaktičkih i semantičkih funkcija njemačkog neodređenog i određenog člana u njihovim hrvatskim ...ekvivalentima te valencija glave nominalnih skupina i semantičke funkcije prijedložnih komplemenata. Analiza se zasniva na korpusu ekscerpiranom iz književnih djela njemačkih i hrvatskih autora. Postojanje člana u njemačkom i njegovo nepostojanje u hrvatskom jeziku te različito izgrađeni padežni sustavi osnovna su razlikovna obilježja dvaju jezika. Hrvatski ekvivalent njemačkog prijedložnog komplementa ima oblik prijedložne ili, rjeđe, imenske skupine. U većini slučajeva postoji razlika u prijedlogu i padežu.