Gender Budgeting Stotsky, Janet Gale
10/01/2006, 2006
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
Women are disadvantaged relative to men, according to key economic, social, and political measures of equality, but in many areas, such as education, differences are narrowing. The concept of ...externalities underlies the arguments for including gender considerations in budget programs and policies. Other arguments have a weaker economic basis but may be more socially or politically compelling. The experience to date with "gender budgeting," which entails looking at gender issues comprehensively within the budget, has been mixed. To become more useful, gender budgeting should be integrated into budget processes in a way that generates tangible improvements in policy outcomes. The International Monetary Fund should encourage fiscal authorities to take into account the external benefits of reducing gender inequalities and to remove from fiscal legislation any arbitrary discrimination against women.
A grand gender convergence Goldin, Claudia
The American economic review,
04/2014, Letnik:
104, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The converging roles of men and women are among the grandest advances in society and the economy in the last century. These aspects of the grand gender convergence are figurative chapters in a ...history of gender roles. But what must the "last" chapter contain for there to be equality in the labor market? The answer may come as a surprise. The solution does not (necessarily) have to involve government intervention and it need not make men more responsible in the home (although that wouldn't hurt). But it must involve changes in the labor market; especially how jobs are structured and remunerated to enhance temporal flexibility. The gender gap in pay would be considerably reduced and might vanish altogether if firms did not have an incentive to disproportionately reward individuals who labored long hours and worked particular hours. Such change has taken off in various sectors, such as technology, science, and health, but is less apparent in the corporate, financial, and legal worlds.
In 1803 in the colonial South American city of La Plata, Doña Martina Vilvado y Balverde presented herself to church and crown officials to denounce her husband of more than four years, Don ...Antonio Yta, as a “woman in disguise.” Forced to submit to a medical inspection that revealed a woman’s body, Don Antonio confessed to having been María Yta, but continued to assert his maleness and claimed to have a functional “member” that appeared, he said, when necessary.
Passing to América is at once a historical biography and an in-depth examination of the sex/gender complex in an era before “gender” had been divorced from “sex.” The book presents readers with the original court docket, including Don Antonio’s extended confession, in which he tells his life story, and the equally extraordinary biographical sketch offered by Felipa Ybañez of her “son María,” both in English translation and the original Spanish. Thomas A. Abercrombie’s analysis not only grapples with how to understand the sex/gender system within the Spanish Atlantic empire at the turn of the nineteenth century but also explores what Antonio/María and contemporaries can teach us about the complexities of the relationship between sex and gender today.
Passing to América brings to light a previously obscure case of gender transgression and puts Don Antonio’s life into its social and historical context in order to explore the meaning of “trans” identity in Spain and its American colonies. This accessible and intriguing study provides new insight into historical and contemporary gender construction that will interest students and scholars of gender studies and colonial Spanish literature and history.
01
02
This volume is a holistic assessment of six decades of European integration as seen through a gender lens. It features the insights of scholars from nine countries, who analyze new and old ...barriers to gender equality in all realms of EU activity. The first part of the volume offers a critique of mainstream integration theories and situates women across core institutional settings. It traces women's roles as formal actors, as participants in expert networks, and as creative conceptualizers introducing paradigm-changing frameworks and strategies. It also recognizes women as policy innovators contributing to the larger integration project. In the second part the contributors pay special attention to the development and effects of gender mainstreaming. They explore 'gendering' dynamics and outcomes in EU policy domains, including agriculture, the employment and social policy fields, the research, science and technology sector, and the emergent EU migration and citizenship policy arena.
08
02
'Given the current mood of disenchantment with the EU as a political system, this book provides a timely reminder that for the last 40 years, the EU has acted as a social innovator particularly in the field of gender justice. Many of the provisions for women that we now take for granted have their origins in measures adopted by the EU or fought for in the European Court of Justice. As this book ably illustrates, this provided a platform for policy debate and expansion both into new fields and into new cultural arenas. The picture is a complex one with the relative simplicity of the early days being replaced by a more complex policy frames and more difficult contexts. The great value of this book is that it traces this story not only in the traditional fields of employment and childcare but in new areas such as agriculture, research and technology and migration policy.' - Catherine Hoskyns, Professor, University of Coventry, UK 'In Gendering the European Union the editors have assembled an impressive range of experts and powerful arguments for the importance of the European project for gender equality. The volume turns a wealth of new research into a readable and insightful analysis of the gendered nature of EU institutions and the concrete gender outcomes of EU policymaking. The authors also remind us that the quest for a more inclusive society is fragile under the current conditions of global economic crisis, making this book a must-read for students, scholars, and practitioners interested in the future of gender politics, and, more generally, the future of the European Union.' - Sabine Lang, Associate Professor, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, USA 'This book is a must for any European student or scholar. The authors and editors succeed in making a convincing case skilfully and correctly arguing for including a gender analysis into all studies on European integration. Written and edited by leading scholars, this book deserves wide attention and has the potential to become a classic. It not only provides for a better understanding of the theoretical approaches underpinning the European gender analysis over the last 30 years, but it also offers detailed case studies in new policy domains, which help the reader understand the dynamics of European policy making from a gender perspective, making a complex study very approachable. It is feminist analysis and scholarship at its best.' - Barbara Helfferich, European Policy Director, Wildlife Conservation Society.PreviouslySecretary General, European Women's Lobby and Member of the Cabinet of the European Social Affairs Commissioner.
04
02
Contents Acknowledgements List of Tables, Figures and Boxes List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Notes on Contributors Introduction: Studying the European Union from a Gender Perspective; G.Abels & J.M.Mushaben PART I: GENDERING PERSPECTIVES AND EU PROCESSES Gendering Theories of European Integration; A.Kronsell Gendering the Institutions and Actors of the EU; A.van der Vleuten Gendering the EU Policy Process and Constructing the Gender Acquis; B.Locher From Equal Treatment to Gender Mainstreaming and Diversity Management; A.E.Woodward Gendering Enlargement of the European Union; Y.Galligan & S.Clavero PART II: MELIORATING OLD AND NEW EU POLICY DEFICITS AND BLIND SPOTS The Common Agricultural Policy and Gender Equality; E.Prügl Gendering Employment Policy: From Equal Pay to Work-life Balance; A.Hubert Gendering the Social Policy Agenda: Anti-discrimination, Social Inclusion and Social Protection; M.Stratigaki Research by, for and about Women: Gendering Science and Research Policy; G.Abels Women on the Move: EU Migration and Citizenship Policy; J.M.Mushaben Conclusion: Rethinking the Double Democratic Deficit of the EU; J.M.Mushaben & G.Abels References Index
02
02
An exploration of European integration as seen through a gender lens. This book looks at integration theories, institutional relationships, enlargement, the development of gender law and the role of formal actors, scholars and expert networks in the EU policy-making process. With a focus on gender mainstreaming as a new approach to gender policy.
16
02
Behning, Ute and Amparo Serrano Pascual. 2001. Gender Mainstreaming in the European Employment Strategy. Brüssel: ETUI.
Biester, Elke, Barbara Holland-Cunz, Mechthild M. Jansen, Eva Maleck-Lewy, Anja Ruf, and Birgit Sauer eds. 1994. Das unsichtbare Geschlecht der Europa. Der europäische Einigungsprozeß aus feministischer Sicht. Frankfurt/M., New York: Campus.
Elman, Amy R. 1996. Sexual Politics and the European Union: The New Feminist Challenge. Providence, RI: Berghahn.
Hoskyns, Catherine. 2003. Gender Perspectives. In European Integration Theory. Ed. Wiener, Antje and Thomas Diez. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Judge, David and David Earnshaw. 2003. The European Parliament. Houndmills, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Liebert, Ulrike ed. 2003.Gendering Europeanisation. Bruxelles, Bern, Berlin, Frankfurt/M., New York, Oxford, Wien: P.I.E.-Peter Lang. van der Vleuten, Anna. 2007. The Price of Gender Equality: Member States and Governance in the European Union. Aldershot: Ashgate.
31
02
An assessment of the sixty-year process of European integration as viewed through a gender lens
13
02
GABRIELE ABELS is Professor of Comparative Political Science and European Integration, Department of Political Science, University of Tübingen, Germany JOYCE MARIE MUSHABEN is Professor of Comparative and Gender Studies, Department of Political Science, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
19
02
Adds an important dimension to the study of the European Union by assessing its institutions and policies through the lens of gender
Features theoretical insights as well as concrete policy examples compiled by scholars based in nine different countries, ensuring diverse viewpoints and a multiplicity of approaches to specific stages of EU integration
Addresses gender developments in 'non-traditional' policy domains
Provides a wealth of empirical data based on qualitative and quantitative analysis
Written in 'student-friendly' language, the text draws on day-to-day, country-specific examples showing how EU policies have created new opportunities for women .
Gender categorization and stereotyping can lead to discrimination. Researchers have mostly studied cisgender, gender-conforming individuals as the targets when examining these processes. In two ...factorial survey experiments, we investigated gender categorization and stereotyping of gender-ambiguous targets based on facial features and behavioral information. We manipulated femininity/masculinity/ambiguity of face, expression, and occupation. Participants completed a gender categorization task, and stereotype and attitude measures. The findings indicated that face was most influential for categorization: When face was unambiguously masculine or feminine, participants mostly categorized targets as male or female, respectively. In these cases, expression and occupation had little influence on categorization. When face was ambiguous, this additional information significantly influenced categorization. Nonbinary categorization was more likely for ambiguous faces, and most likely for ambiguous faces combined with ambiguous expression and ambiguous or feminine occupation. Our findings suggest that categorizing gender-ambiguous targets is more complex compared to clearly gendered targets. Primarily relying on face when it appears clearly gendered likely causes categorization errors when encountering TGNC individuals.
At no other point in human history have the definitions of "woman" and "man," "male" and "female," "masculine" and "feminine," been more contentious than now. This book advances a pragmatic approach ...to the act of defining that acknowledges the important ethical dimensions of our definitional practices. Increased transgender rights and visibility has been met with increased opposition, controversy, and even violence. Who should have the power to define the meanings of sex and gender? What values and interests are advanced by competing definitions? Should an all-boys’ college or high school allow transgender boys to apply? Should transgender women be allowed to use the women’s bathroom? How has growing recognition of intersex conditions challenged our definitions of sex/gender? In this timely intervention, Edward Schiappa examines the key sites of debate including schools, bathrooms, the military, sports, prisons, and feminism, drawing attention to the political, practical, and ethical dimensions of the act of defining itself. This is an important text for students and scholars in gender studies, philosophy, communication, and sociology.
Trans*Sichtbarkeit hat in den letzten Jahren einen Höhepunkt erreicht, so auch in TV- und Streaming-Serien. Sie geht mit Prozessen sozialer Popularisierung und akademischer Legitimierung einher. ...Inwiefern bildet die fiktionale Darstellung von trans*Personen ihre vielfältige Wirklichkeit ab, die von selbstbestimmten Lebensentwürfen ebenso wie von Diskriminierung und Gewalt geprägt ist? Wenn es stimmt, dass Serien Gesellschaft- und Identifikationsmodelle hervorbringen, welche Chancen und Gefahren sind dann mit ihrer Verbreitung verbunden? Die Autor_innen gehen diesen Frage anhand von ausgewählten europäischen Serien nach. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
PDF
