•Tensions exist between ‘standardization’ and ‘localization’ of HIS.•The complexity of health service provision, drives calls for Anglicization of HIS.•Suppliers to develop sophisticated strategies ...as they pursue international growth.•User-supplier links need to be strengthened.•Usability and productivity are central issues for HIS package procurement.
Despite widespread efforts to improve the quality and safety of healthcare through use of hospital information systems (HIS), many healthcare organizations face challenges in implementation and effective use of these applications, in particular when systems have been developed internationally (mainly in the US). Suppliers of these technologies also find it challenging to produce systems that work effectively across a range of geographical, cultural and institutional boundaries. In this paper, we seek to understand the strategies used by suppliers and adopters of HIS to overcome the challenges involved in the development and adoption of generic overseas systems.
We conducted a qualitative study, by interviewing 176 individuals (eight organizations), observing two user groups, and running a supplier focus group. We used inductive thematic analysis to assess emerging strategies in developing and implementing overseas packaged HIS in English settings.
The health sector in England has entered a period of potentially transformative change with many international HIS suppliers entering the market. This has provoked call for the ‘Anglicization’ of generic systems. This endeavor, has resulted in emergence of more or less aligned supplier and user strategies to overcome the difficulties in the process. This includes a continuous process of identification and classification of requests (by suppliers), and unification and voicing of needs (by adopters).
The complexity of health service provision, drives calls for customization of technologies in this sector. Consequent tensions between ‘standardization’ and ‘localization’ are requiring suppliers of generic solutions to develop more sophisticated strategies as they pursue international growth of their market.
For practical chromatographers it is extremely difficult to judge the merits and limitations of new technological developments. On the other hand, it is nearly impossible for those at the forefront ...of technology to judge the implications of their efforts for all specific applications of chromatography. Both chromatographers and researchers can be aided by a classification of the numerous specific applications into a few well-defined categories. In this paper, we propose such a classification of all chemical analysis by chromatography into three generic types of applications, viz. target-compound analysis, group-type separation, and fingerprinting. The requirements for each type are discussed in general terms. The classification scheme is applied to assess the benefits and limitations of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and the possible additional benefits of using multivariate-analysis (MVA) techniques for each type of application. The conclusions pertaining to the generic types of applications are indicative for the implications of new developments for specific chemical analysis by chromatography.
The Web technology has made the exchange of information among heterogeneous platforms possible with no added cost to end-users. Adding to this, it made it possible to access databases residing on ...servers in different geographic locations giving thus conceptors and programmers the possibility of making distributed applications with a fraction of the time needed before. This technology is therefore very well suited to medical applications which are normally multi-user, multiplatform, and data-intensive. In this paper, we present an application for epidemiological studies based on the Web technology and the reuse of common concepts in epidemiology to produce a generic model that can be parameterisable by the end-user to suit the needs of his study. This model is then applied to develop an application to optimise the collection and processing of nutritional data for a nation-wide epidemiological study concerning renal failure patients.
High activities in ethylene polymerization predetermine α‐diiminonickel precatalysts for potential industrial applications. In our study, we have synthesized and characterized a series of ...unsymmetrical 1‐(2,4‐bis(4,4′‐dimethoxybenzhydryl)‐6‐MeC6H2N)‐2‐arylimino‐acenaphthylene nickel(II) halides. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study of representative compounds reveals distorted tetrahedral geometry. On activation with either Me2AlCl or modified methylaluminoxane, these nickel complexes exhibit high activities of the order of 106 g of PE (mol of Ni)−1 h−1 and produce polyethylene of generic application characterized by high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and moderate degree of branching. The substituents at the ligands affect the catalytic performance of the nickel complexes and tune the microstructure of the resultant polyethylene.
The synthesis and the catalytic performance of α‐diimine‐Ni precatalyst appended with (p‐MeOPh)2CH groups are disclosed; notably high activities up to 8.61 × 106 g (PE) mol (Ni)−1 h−1 with Ni1/Me2AlCl were obtained.
With the rapid growth of satellite communication demand and the continuous development of high-throughput satellite systems, the satellite resource allocation problem—also called the dynamic ...resources management (DRM) problem—has become increasingly complex in recent years. The use of metaheuristic algorithms to obtain acceptable optimal solutions has become a hot topic in research and has the potential to be explored further. In particular, the treatment of invalid solutions is the key to algorithm performance. At present, the unused bandwidth allocation (UBA) method is commonly used to address the bandwidth constraint in the DRM problem. However, this method reduces the algorithm’s flexibility in the solution space, diminishes the quality of the optimized solution, and increases the computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth constraint handling approach based on the non-dominated beam coding (NDBC) method, which can eliminate the bandwidth overlap constraint in the algorithm’s population evolution and achieve complete bandwidth flexibility in order to increase the quality of the optimal solution while decreasing the computational complexity. We develop a generic application architecture for metaheuristic algorithms using the NDBC method and successfully apply it to four typical algorithms. The results indicate that NDBC can enhance the quality of the optimized solution by 9–33% while simultaneously reducing computational complexity by 9–21%.
The voltage and frequency of three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) depend upon various factors such as prime mover speed, capacitance value, load etc. The poor voltage and frequency ...regulation are the main constraints for poor performance of SEIG. The improved performance can be achieved through short shunt SEIG configuration. In this study, the utilisation of SEIG is transformed into a number of novel functions. The combination of speed, series and shunt capacitances as design parameters are selected for short shunt SEIG in order to provide optimum values for voltage regulation (VR), frequency regulation (FR), loadability, voltage/frequency regulation and to provide optimum performance, defined as a weighted combination of VR, FR and loadability. The effect of weights, speed and power factor on designed parameters is also assessed for a generic application on SEIG. Correspondingly, an optimisation is proposed using particle swarm optimisation, a heuristic approach considering various equality and inequality constraints related to SEIG. This study is carried out for resistive and inductive loads. The simulated results are validated with test results.
The integrated data store (IDS), the first direct-access database management system, was developed at General Electric in the early 1960s. Revisiting the development challenges that lead to its first ...production version reveals the origins of DBMSs and their impact on software development and business management. IDS and its derivative systems are still in use today, supporting a thousand mainframe installations.
Generic Application Boulanger, Jean-Louis
CENELEC 50128 and IEC 62279 Standards,
2015, 2015-04-30
Book Chapter
The realization of a generic application can be done on the basis of the system elements (specification, architecture, knowledge of the hardware architecture) and/or after having identified the ...parameter data and the links with the software. The objective of the needs analysis is to verify the fulfillment of the client's expectations and the technological feasibility. The purpose of the specification phase is to describe what the software is meant to do. The description of each module/component (data, algorithms) is set out as part of the design. The design phase is separated into two steps: (i) known as “preliminary design”, involves identifying the data to be handled by the software and the necessary services; and (ii) “detailed design” involves describing all of the application's services by means of their algorithms. The design phase then leads into the coding phase.
initiation visit Nahler, Gerhard
Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine
Book Chapter
This visit finalises preparatory activities at a centre; the monitor or clinical research associate discusses with the investigator and his coworkers details of the study conduct, explains the use of ...the different forms (case record forms, drug accountability forms, informed consent forms a.s.o.), and leaves all necessary materials so that recruitment can be started right afterwards; → see also prestudy visit.
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