When Is a Matrix a Geographical Network? Neal, Zachary P.; Derudder, Ben; van Meeteren, Michiel
Annals of the American Association of Geographers,
12/2023
Journal Article
Abstract
Water User Associations are community-based institutions that cover segments of rivers and are responsible for water management decisions. These are the result of institutional blueprints ...designed by the international community, widely adopted around the world. However, the implementation gaps between these generic institutional designs and the working on the ground are vast and require site-specific information to support water management decisions at the local scale. We used a hydrological modelling approach to assess how community-based decisions can maximize their outcomes and improve overall availability of water resources in the Great Ruaha River Catchment in Tanzania, a catchment that is under severe drought pressures and is of the utmost ecological, social, and political relevance at the national scale. We provide information to support decisions on when and where to focus conservation and management strategies by identifying the seasonal and spatial variability of water availability in the catchment. Our methods have the potential to be used in other catchments around the world. This study shows the importance of assessing the hydrological processes affecting the geographies of community-based institutions to identify priority areas of action.
The work of Eugene Romer, founder of Polish geography, was framed by his involvement in the national cause. The Atlas of Poland, a key tool in his political activism, was completed during the First ...World War under the uncertain circumstances prevailing on the Eastern Front. It focused more on the issue of unification than on boundaries. Skilled in physical geography, Romer made use of a cartographical technique rarely applied to ethnographical maps, that of isopleths. In this article, we address the reasons for this daring innovation and consider Romer's training in the Austrian and German schools of cartography before examining the reception of the atlas by geographers from the different academic backgrounds.
Reorganisation of dental services in Britain gives new opportunities for planning. Geographical methodology provides new techniques. An elementary spatial analysis of variations in dental health in ...Newcastle Area Health Authority (Teaching) shows that dental health varies with availability and access to treatment facilities. Opposite types of geographical distribution of community (School) and general dental services are illustrated showing location biases for each type of service. The evaluation of the spatial distribution of dental services is shown to be basic to planning and a key to improved dental health.
BOOK REVIEWS
The Professional Geographer,
November 1984, Letnik:
36, Številka:
4
Book Review
Recenzirano
Book reviewed is the article:
Small‐State Security in the Balkans. Aurel Braun.
South American Development: A Geographical Introduction. Rosemary D. F. Bromley and Ray Bromley.
Interregional ...Migration, National Policy and Social Justice. Gordon L. Clark.
Marketing Architectural and Engineering Services. Weld Coxe.
A Geography of the Third World. J. P. Dickenson, C. G. Clarke, W. T. S. Gould, R. M. Prothero, D. J. Siddle, C. T. Smith, E. M. Thomas‐Hope, and A. G. Hodgkiss.
Wildlife and Man in Texas: Environmental Change and Conservation. Robin W. Doughty.
At the Sea's Edge. William T. Fox. Englewood Cliffs
Geography and Ecology. I. P. Gerasimov.
Urbanization in Contemporary Latin America. Critical Approaches to the Analysis of Urban Issues. Alan Gilbert in association with Jorge E. Hardoy and Ronaldo Ramírez, eds.
The Coming of the Transactional City. Jean Gottmann. College Park
Visions of City and Country: Prints and Photographs of Nineteenth‐Century France. Bonnie L. Grad and Timothy A. Riggs. Worcester
Soviet Geography Today: Physical Geography. N. A. Gvozdetskiy, ed.
Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians. Raymond B. Hames and William T. Vickers, eds.
Urban and Regional Industrial Research: The Changing UK Data Base. Michael Healey, ed.
Cuando se Acaban los Montes. Stanley Heckadon Moreno.
A Panama Forest and Shore: Natural History and Amerindian Culture in Bocas del Toro. Burton L. Gordon. Pacific Grove
Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900–1982. Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman.
Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy. Robert G. Jensen, Theodore Shabad, and Arthur W. Wright, eds.
The Changing Geography of the United Kingdom. R. J. Johnston and J. C. Doornkamp, eds.
Pluralism and Political Geography—People, Territory and State. Nurit Kliot and Stanley Waterman, eds.
Landmarks Preservation and the Property Tax. David Listokin.
Irrigation Horticulture in Highland Guatemala: The Tablón System of Panajachel. Kent Mathewson.
Her Space, Her Place: A Geography of Women. Mary Ellen Mazey and David R. Lee.
Man, A Geomorphological Agent. Dov Nir. Dordrecht
The Book of America: Inside the 50 States Today. Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom.
Rivers. Geoffrey E. Petts.
Proceedings, United States/Australia Workshop on Design and Implementation of Computer‐Based Geographic Information Systems. Donna Peuquet and John O'Callaghan, eds.
Outdoor Recreational and Resource Management. John Pigram.
Remaking the City: Social Science Perspectives on Urban Design. John S. Pipkin, Mark La Gory and Judith R. Blau, eds.
The Crust of Our Earth: An Armchair Traveler's Guide to the New Geology. Chet Raymo. Englewood Cliffs
Concepts and Themes in the Regional Geography of Canada J. Lewis Robinson. Vancouver
Secondary Cities in Developing Countries: Policies for Diffusing Urbanization. Dennis A. Rondinelli. Beverly Hills
Legal Foundations of Environmental Planning, Vol 1. J. G. Rose.
Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming? Stephen Seidel and Dale Keyes.
Mobilizing Human Resources in the Arab World. R. Paul Shaw.
Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota. William C. Sherman.
The Future of Conflict in the 1980s. William J. Taylor, Jr. and Steven A. Maaranen, eds.
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Edward R. Tufte.
U.S. 40 Today: Thirty Years of landscape Change in America. Thomas R. Vale and Geraldine R. Vale. Madison
Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Michael Watts.
Readings in Historic Preservation: Why? What? How? Norman Williams Jr., Edmund Kellogg and Frank Gilbert, eds.
BOOK REVIEWS
The Professional Geographer,
11/1/1984, Letnik:
36, Številka:
4
Book Review
Recenzirano
Book reviewed is the article:
Small-State Security in the Balkans. Aurel Braun.
South American Development: A Geographical Introduction. Rosemary D. F. Bromley and Ray Bromley.
Interregional ...Migration, National Policy and Social Justice. Gordon L. Clark.
Marketing Architectural and Engineering Services. Weld Coxe.
A Geography of the Third World. J. P. Dickenson, C. G. Clarke, W. T. S. Gould, R. M. Prothero, D. J. Siddle, C. T. Smith, E. M. Thomas-Hope, and A. G. Hodgkiss.
Wildlife and Man in Texas: Environmental Change and Conservation. Robin W. Doughty.
At the Sea's Edge. William T. Fox. Englewood Cliffs
Geography and Ecology. I. P. Gerasimov.
Urbanization in Contemporary Latin America. Critical Approaches to the Analysis of Urban Issues. Alan Gilbert in association with Jorge E. Hardoy and Ronaldo Ramírez, eds.
The Coming of the Transactional City. Jean Gottmann. College Park
Visions of City and Country: Prints and Photographs of Nineteenth-Century France. Bonnie L. Grad and Timothy A. Riggs. Worcester
Soviet Geography Today: Physical Geography. N. A. Gvozdetskiy, ed.
Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians. Raymond B. Hames and William T. Vickers, eds.
Urban and Regional Industrial Research: The Changing UK Data Base. Michael Healey, ed.
Cuando se Acaban los Montes. Stanley Heckadon Moreno.
A Panama Forest and Shore: Natural History and Amerindian Culture in Bocas del Toro. Burton L. Gordon. Pacific Grove
Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900-1982. Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman.
Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy. Robert G. Jensen, Theodore Shabad, and Arthur W. Wright, eds.
The Changing Geography of the United Kingdom. R. J. Johnston and J. C. Doornkamp, eds.
Pluralism and Political Geography-People, Territory and State. Nurit Kliot and Stanley Waterman, eds.
Landmarks Preservation and the Property Tax. David Listokin.
Irrigation Horticulture in Highland Guatemala: The Tablón System of Panajachel. Kent Mathewson.
Her Space, Her Place: A Geography of Women. Mary Ellen Mazey and David R. Lee.
Man, A Geomorphological Agent. Dov Nir. Dordrecht
The Book of America: Inside the 50 States Today. Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom.
Rivers. Geoffrey E. Petts.
Proceedings, United States/Australia Workshop on Design and Implementation of Computer-Based Geographic Information Systems. Donna Peuquet and John O'Callaghan, eds.
Outdoor Recreational and Resource Management. John Pigram.
Remaking the City: Social Science Perspectives on Urban Design. John S. Pipkin, Mark La Gory and Judith R. Blau, eds.
The Crust of Our Earth: An Armchair Traveler's Guide to the New Geology. Chet Raymo. Englewood Cliffs
Concepts and Themes in the Regional Geography of Canada J. Lewis Robinson. Vancouver
Secondary Cities in Developing Countries: Policies for Diffusing Urbanization. Dennis A. Rondinelli. Beverly Hills
Legal Foundations of Environmental Planning, Vol 1. J. G. Rose.
Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming? Stephen Seidel and Dale Keyes.
Mobilizing Human Resources in the Arab World. R. Paul Shaw.
Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota. William C. Sherman.
The Future of Conflict in the 1980s. William J. Taylor, Jr. and Steven A. Maaranen, eds.
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Edward R. Tufte.
U.S. 40 Today: Thirty Years of landscape Change in America. Thomas R. Vale and Geraldine R. Vale. Madison
Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Michael Watts.
Readings in Historic Preservation: Why? What? How? Norman Williams Jr., Edmund Kellogg and Frank Gilbert, eds.
Higher education institutions in Norway have implemented reform as part of the Bologna Agreement. The reform also aims to follow up students more closely and to change the way in which they learn by ...increasing the amount of formative assessment, including grading. This paper presents a case study of a first-year methodology course in geography, in which students' performance in exercise work and tests based on multiple-choice questions was graded. Multiple-choice tests were used to increase the level of reflection during exercise work and to encourage students to read continuously throughout the semester.
Geographic information systems (GIS) were developed in the 1960s and 1970s, primarily in the public and academic sectors. In the 1980s, the GIS industry developed under governmental leadership and ...grew by about 20% each year. The Federal Geographic Data Committee in the U. S. was organized in 1990 under Office of Management and Budget Circular A-16 as the interagency coordinating body for the promotion of sharing, use, and dissemination of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. The maturing of the GIS industry supported by Federal and state governments and the development of “geographic information science” surrounding the technology have had a major influence on our society and the methodological framework for geographical research. This GIS revolution of the early 1990s allowed us to develop new ways of understanding the real world and new technologies such as virtual reality using GIS. GIS has also had a major influence on the discipline of geography. The purpose of this paper is to describe some issues concerning the nature of the GIS influence on geographical methodology. The first issue is the concept of a scaleless GIS database. This means that the database, unlike a paper map, has no apparent scale and is limited by the unique precision of the digitized original data. The second issue concerns the geospatial data model of the real world. Geographic information is extremely complex and not captured well by the commonly used vector and raster data models in GIS. An object-oriented and feature-based approach provides better strategies for modeling the real world as close to a user's perspective as possible. A fundamental unit of the Geographic Information Standard in ISO/TC211 is called a feature. A Geographic Information Standard provides a standard framework for the classification of features in the real world. Figure 1 shows the modeling process from the universe of discourse to the geographic dataset using UML. A feature catalogue means a dictionary of feature types. This methodology of geospatial modeling is based on the concepts of the general feature model (GFM). The GFM is a model based on an object-oriented approach and is similar to the chorographic model of traditional geography. Feature-based GIS provides a new methodology for geography under the traditional chorographic conceptualization of the real world.
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