As a knowledge representation method, knowledge graph is widely used in intelligent question answering systems and recommendation systems. At present, the research on knowledge graph mainly focuses ...on information query and retrieval based on knowledge graph. In some domain knowledge graphs, specific subgraph structures (patterns) have specific physical meanings. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a method and framework of knowledge graph pattern mining based on gat. Firstly, the patterns with specific physical meaning were transformed into subgraph structures containing topological structures and entity attributes. Secondly, the subgraph structure of the pattern is regarded as the query graph, and the knowledge graph is regarded as the data graph, so that the problem is transformed into an approximate subgraph matching problem. Then, the improved relational graph attention network is used to fuse the adaptive edge deletion mechanism to realize the approximate subgraph matching of subgraph structure and attribute, so as to obtain the best matching subgraph. The proposed method is trained in an end-to-end manner. The approximate subgraph matching is realized on the existing data set, and the research work of key pattern mining of complex geological structure knowledge graph is carried out.
Reconstructing an accurate and high-resolution subsurface model is attractive in the fields of both geology and seismology. However, due to the band-limited characteristics of seismic data, the ...inversion greatly depends on the reliability of the initial model. A fairly acceptable initial model could lay a good foundation for seismic inversion. In this article, we first introduce a well-log interpolation method with the local slope as a constraint for building a high-fidelity starting model in prestack amplitude versus offset/angle (AVO/AVA) inversion. First, we briefly review the basic theory of general seismic inversion. Then, instead of using the conventional preconditioned least-squares method, we introduce shaping regularization theory into the geological structure-guided well-log interpolation to accelerate the convergence. We use the plane-wave destruction (PWD) algorithm to extract the slope attribute from seismic data, images, or velocity models. The slope is used as the constraint to solve the inverse problem based on the shaping regularization method. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed initial model building method performs better than the conventional ones. It greatly improves the accuracy of inversion results. Furthermore, we apply the proposed model building method to the inverse problems of AVO/AVA inversion and reservoir parameter estimation of several field data sets for the first time, which demonstrate encouraging performance.
Fault-controlled springs: A review Keegan-Treloar, Robin; Irvine, Dylan J.; Solórzano-Rivas, S. Cristina ...
Earth-science reviews,
July 2022, 2022-07-00, Letnik:
230
Journal Article
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Springs sustain groundwater-dependent ecosystems and provide freshwater for human use. Springs often occur because faults modify groundwater flow pathways leading to discharge from aquifers with ...sufficiently high pressure. This study reviews the key characteristics and physical processes, field investigation techniques, modelling approaches and management strategies for fault-controlled spring systems. Field investigation techniques suitable for quantifying spring discharge and fault characteristics are often restricted by high values of spring ecosystems, requiring mainly non-invasive techniques. Numerical models of fault-controlled spring systems can be divided into local-scale, process-based models that allow the damage zone and fault core to be distinguished, and regional-scale models that usually adopt highly simplified representations of both the fault and the spring. Water resources management relating to fault-controlled spring systems often involves ad hoc applications of trigger levels, even though more sophisticated management strategies are available. Major gaps in the understanding of fault-controlled spring systems create substantial risks of degradation from human activities, arising from limited data and process understanding, and simplified representations in models. Thus, further studies are needed to improve the understanding of hydrogeological processes, including through detailed field studies, physics-based modelling, and by quantifying the effects of groundwater withdrawals on spring discharge.
•Fault-spring processes, investigation methods, models and management reviewed.•Long-term spring discharge and source-aquifer head data are rarely available.•Fault representation in models is improved by recent advances in popular codes.•Spring management is often hindered by poor knowledge of fault characteristics.•Further research needed to quantify aquifer-fault-spring-ecosystem relationships.
ACTIVITY OF 222Rn IN TAP WATER IN KIELCE COUNTY Metryka-Telka, Monika; Styś-Maniara, Marta; Dołhańczuk-Śródka, Agnieszka
Structure and Environment,
06/2022, Letnik:
14, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Radon is known as a radioactive element that dissolves easily in water. It is worth mentioning that it is available in all possible reservoirs. Its concentration cannot be measured directly but only ...from the emitted radiation. Investigations of 222Rn activity in water in the Kielce district were subjected to three selected water intakes: Bolechowice, Kołomań and Wola Kopcowa. This type of research was conducted for the first time in the discussed area. The results were analyzed in detail in terms of acceptable concentrations. Next, it was determined whether the geological location of the intakes in question may have an impact on the amount of radon present in water from the water supply network.
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has caused geological mapping activities to be hampered. This study aims to create a 3D virtual rock outcrop model which is compiled from 2D rock outcrop images with ...Measured Stratigraphy (MS), strike & dip and the value of rock physical parameters to analyze geological structures in Wringinanom District, Gresik Regency. Analysis of geological structures will be contained in the form of folding reconstructions with rock physical parameter as a validation and descriptions of fault orientation. This research modeled 21 rock outcrops and will be tested 6 core sedimentary rock samples. Physical rock parameter tests in the form of density tests through the comparison of mass weighing results with dimensional measurements by calipers and P-wave velocity tests using the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method. Petrological descriptions of core rock samples are based on direct observations. The results of 3D virtual rock outcrop integrated with measurements in the field can be used in analyzing geological structures. The study area consists of anticlines with the direction of layering the south (southwest) and north (northeast) wings and 50-degree reverse faults with southeast dipping orientation (N153°E). The folding reconstruction consists of sandstone (top), sandstone-clay interlude, and claystone (top) in the Pucangan Formation and sandstone (bottom) and claystone (bottom) in the Lidah Formation where the presence of fossil layers of bivalve mollusks is a firm correlation. The physical parameters of rocks cannot validate the reconstruction of folds due to the influence of differences in physical values of the sample supported by petrological descriptions.
Impedance inversion is an effective method to estimate the properties of subsurface model from poststack seismic data. However, owing to the low quality of seismic data and other reasons, impedance ...inversion methods usually suffer from spatial discontinuities and low resolution. In order to overcome these problems, we have developed an impedance inversion method based on geological structure-guided total variation (GSGTV) constraint. Different from traditional total variation (TV) constraint, GSGTV considers the spatial distribution of geological structures instead of imposing gradient constraints on impedance only in fixed directions (horizontal and vertical). Therefore, GSGTV not only retains the advantage of traditional TV that can preserve the edge of layer but also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional TV that is only suitable for inverting block structures. This ensures that GSGTV can simultaneously improve the resolution and spatial continuity of the inversion result. The realization of impedance inversion method based on GSGTV constraint requires three steps. First, estimate the local structural orientation of the subsurface from seismic data. Then, construct GSGTV regularization term based on the local structural orientation. Finally, establish the inversion objective function and solve the function by the split-Bregman iterative algorithm. We compared the proposed method and the impedance inversion method based on traditional TV constraint with synthetic and real seismic data. The inversion results confirm that our method can improve the resolution and spatial continuity.
Agricultural irrigation areas around the world employ similar planting methods, but there are notable disparities in salinization mechanism and management strategies. Many scholars have focused on ...human activities as the main cause of secondary soil salinization, while neglecting the underlying issue of primary soil salinization caused by geological factors. This study takes the Hetao irrigation area in China as a case study, delving into the geological forces responsible for primary salinization. Using historical survey data on geological structure, lake evolution, and sedimentation to analyze the stratigraphic distribution and groundwater storage characteristic. Additionally, using groundwater hydrochemistry data from historical literatures to analyze the concentration, distribution patterns, and source issues of salt ions. The research results show that a novel concept called the “bowl effect” can explain the unique cause of primary salinization in Hetao irrigation area. The bowl effect effectively transforms Hetao irrigation area into an enclosed space, which significantly limits the movement of groundwater and hinders the dilution of highly saline or alkaline water. The bowl effect has broad applicability and can serve as a useful framework for studying primary salinization challenges in agricultural irrigation areas worldwide. This research provides a scientifically reference for selecting salinization control methods, and will benefit local stakeholders, government agencies, and water resource managers.
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•Systematically explain the geological driving mechanism of primary salinization.•Innovatively proposed the bowl effect of irreversible salinization.•Clearly explained the impact of ancient lake sediment on the salinization.•Reasonably suggested the salinization improvement measure.
The hydrological functioning of wetlands in S Spain is poorly understood. We perform a 22-years hydrological modelling of seven playa-lakes located in a semi-arid region of southern Spain, including ...dry and wet periods. To do that, we applied a hydrological balance model to reconstruct past lake water levels. In addition, we investigated the hydrochemistry of the water, the basin bathymetry, and the geological setting of the watersheds, acquiring new lithology and active structures data. Once the models were constrained, scenarios considering increases on temperature and human management were implemented, and discussed. The water balance is simplified to precipitation (water input) and basin discharge (evapotranspiration), as the lakes are disconnected from groundwater because of the low-permeability substrate. In addition, unlike in previous studies, we add overflows to the modelling. The results of the model agree with actual lake water monitoring data (R2 > 0.8). We observed that the hydroperiods of some of these lakes vary from permanent lakes to ephemeral, depending strongly on the basin bathymetry. Lakes with steeply margins show longer hydroperiods, whilst it is shorter for low-lying floor playa-lakes. In addition, we observed that steeply lake margins respond to active faults and/or lithological changes. To forecast the effects of climate change on the lake hydroperiods, we applied a 1 °C increase in average temperature in our hydrological modelling. The hydroperiod is significantly reduced for ephemeral playa-lakes, whilst is barely affected in permanent lakes. Moreover, we detected the high sensitivity of ephemeral playa-lakes to the anthropogenic management, including siltation, plant colonization and changes watershed surface.
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•Active tectonics may influence the bathymetry of lakes and playa-lakes.•Water bodies hydroperiod is highly influenced by the lake and playa-lakes depth.•Active tectonics influences the watershed and wetlands floor topography.•Climate change strongly threatens playa-lakes in southern Spain.•Human management such as roads and crops affects wetland hydroperiod.
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