‘Advanced Glasses, Composites and Ceramics for High-Growth Industries’ (CoACH) was a European Training Network (ETN) project (http://www.coach-etn.eu/) funded by the Horizon 2020 program. CoACH ...involved multiple actors in the innovation ecosystem for advanced materials, composed of five universities and ten enterprises in seven different European countries. The project studied the next generation of materials that could bring innovation in the healthcare, construction, and energy sectors, among others, from new bioactive glasses for bone implants to eco-friendly cements and new environmentally friendly thermoelectrics for energy conversion. The novel materials developed in the CoACH project pave the way for innovative products, improved cost competitiveness, and positive environmental impact. The present Special Issue contains 14 papers resulting from the CoACH project, showcasing the breadth of materials and processes developed during the project.
This book is an interdisciplinary exploration of archaeological glass in which technological, historical, geological, chemical, and cultural aspects of the study of ancient glass are combined. The ...book examines why and how this unique material was invented some 4,500 years ago and considers the ritual, social, economic, and political contexts of its development. The book also provides an in-depth consideration of glass as a material, the raw materials used to make it, and its wide range of chemical compositions in both the East and the West from its invention to the seventeenth century AD. Julian Henderson focuses on three contrasting archaeological and scientific case studies: Late Bronze Age glass, late Hellenistic-early Roman glass, and Islamic glass in the Middle East. He considers in detail the provenances of ancient glass using scientific techniques and discusses a range of vessels and their uses in ancient societies.
We have synthesized pure TeO2 glass and glasses in the systems xZnO−(1−x)TeO2 (0≤x≤0.50) and yAl2O3−(1−y)TeO2 (0≤y≤0.03) by melting in Pt crucibles, and measured their glass transition temperature ...(Tg), density (ρ) and Raman spectra to correlate glass properties with structure. For pure TeO2 glass, synthesized using our newly developed intermittent quenching technique, we find onset- and midpoint-Tg at 301.1 and 306.7°C and ρ=5.62g/cm3, in clear disagreement with TeO2 glass melted in alumina crucible for which we find Tg≈380°C and ρ=4.86g/cm3. This latter method, used frequently in the literature, was shown by Raman spectroscopy to introduce Al2O3 in the tellurite matrix which becomes cross-linked by Te-O-Al bridges, resulting in the increase of Tg and decrease of ρ. Raman spectroscopy showed also that doping TeO2 with ZnO or Al2O3 causes the progressive conversion of TeO4 trigonal bipyramids to TeO3+1 polyhedra with two terminal oxygens, and then to TeO3 trigonal pyramids with three terminal oxygens. This structural transformation is reflected in the composition dependence of the volume per mole TeO2 evaluated from density data. The ZnO-dependence of this parameter is described by two linear parts with an inflection point at x=0.25, which indicates an increasing rate of forming terminal TeO bonds at higher ZnO contents. The Tg was found to increase with ZnO and Al2O3 contents and this was attributed to the glass-forming ability of both oxides, while density was found to decrease due mainly to replacement of the heavier TeO2 by the lighter ZnO and Al2O3. The results of this study are discussed with reference to previous works on TeO2 and zinc-tellurite glasses.
•Pure TeO2 glass was made by a newly developed intermittent quenching technique.•Tg and density values were determined for the pure TeO2 glass.•Zinc-tellurite and alumina-tellurite glasses were made by melting in Pt crucibles.•Tg increases and density decreases as ZnO or Al2O3 is added to the TeO2 matrix.•The tellurite structure of the studied glasses was probed by Raman spectroscopy.
As a new kind of energy‐saving glass, vacuum glazing has excellent thermal and sound insulation properties and is widely used in building, household appliances and solar photovoltaic. The edge ...sealing material, along with sealing method, is key to the fabrication of vacuum glazing. Low transition temperature (Tg) and good fluidity at sealing temperature (Ts) make low‐melting glass of V2O5–TeO2–Bi2O3 (VTB) system perfect to be the edge sealing material for vacuum glazing. The glass forming region of VTB ternary system was mapped for the first time in this work. Low‐melting VTB glass of 40V2O5–50TeO2–5Bi2O3–3ZnO–2Na2O (wt%) was optimized to be the sealing material. Glass powder of this composition could be used to seal the edges of vacuum glazing at an extremely low temperature of 360°C. With the assistance of anodic‐bonding method, the bonding strength of vacuum glazing was dramatically enhanced. Vacuum glazing fabricated under the optimized process parameters of 420°C, 600 V, and 60 min possesses a highest bonding strength of 4.31 MPa. Furthermore, anodic‐bonding mechanism of low‐melting VTB glass applied in vacuum glazing sealing has been thoroughly researched.
Silicon oxycarbides can be considered as being carbon‐containing silicates consisting of glass networks in which oxygen and carbon share bonds with silicon. The carbon‐for‐oxygen substitution in ...silicate glass networks has been shown to induce significant changes in the network connectivity and consequently strong improvements in the properties of the silicate glass network. For instance, SiOC glasses exhibit Young's moduli, hardness values, glass transition, and crystallization temperatures which are superior to those of vitreous silica. Moreover, the silicon oxycarbide glass network exhibits unique structural features such as reduced mass fractal dimension and nano‐heterogeneity, which significantly affect and/or dictate its properties and behavior. In the present Review, a consideration of the current state of the art concerning the synthesis, processing, and various structural and functional properties of silicon‐oxycarbide‐based glasses and glass‐ceramics is done. Thus, the synthesis of silicon oxycarbides starting from macromolecular precursors such as polysiloxanes or alkoxysilanes‐based sol‐gel systems as well as current advances related to their processing will be critically reviewed. In addition, various structural and functional properties of silicon oxycarbides are presented. Specific emphasis will be put on the intimate correlation between the molecular architecture of the precursors and the structural features and properties of the resulting silicon oxycarbides.
In the present Review, a consideration of the current state of the art concerning the synthesis, processing as well as various structural and functional properties of silicon‐oxycarbide‐based materials is done.
The production of glass was one of the high technologies of the early modern period. At a heat of around 1500 degrees, mixtures of sand, lime and vegetable, wood or potash were transformed into ...greenish, crystal-clear or colorful marvels in the glassworks of Europe. Its aesthetic and material properties-transparency, workability, and durability-made glass a coveted material that was still the preserve of the elite in the 16th century and did not become an affordable mass product until the second half of the 18th century. The volume Glass in the Early Modern Period pursues an interdisciplinary approach. It takes its starting point in the conditions of glass production in early modern glassworks, the high consumption of resources, and the resulting social conflicts. The volume focuses on the various historical forms of use, glass as an object of collection, and its allegorical meaning in painting. At the same time, the volume deals with the analysis and preservation of glass objects from a scientific and conservation perspective and with the presentation of baroque glass from a museum perspective. In all of this, a close connection to the court culture of the European nobility is apparent, who acted as pioneers, patrons and, not least, buyers, users and collectors of the glass objects. In this way, many of the luxury objects have been preserved to this day.
Die Herstellung von Glas gehörte zu den Hochtechnologien der Frühen Neuzeit. Bei ca. 1500 Grad Hitze verwandelten sich in den Glashütten Europas Gemenge aus Sand, Kalk und Pflanzen-, Holz- oder Pottasche zu grünlichen, kristallklaren oder bunten Wunderwerken. Seine ästhetischen und materiellen Eigenschaften – Transparenz, Bearbeitbarkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit – machten Glas zu einem begehrten Material, das im 16. Jahrhundert noch den Eliten vorbehalten war und erst in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts zum erschwinglichen Massenprodukt wurde. Der Band Glas in der Frühen Neuzeit verfolgt einen interdisziplinären Zugang. Er nimmt seinen Ausgang bei den Bedingungen der Glasproduktion in den frühneuzeitlichen Glashütten, dem hohen Ressourcenverbrauch und den daraus entstehenden sozialen Konflikten. Im Zentrum des Bandes stehen die verschiedenen historischen Nutzungsformen, Glas als Sammlungsgegenstand sowie dessen allegorische Bedeutung in der Malerei. Zugleich befasst sich der Band aus naturwissenschaftlicher und konservatorischer Perspektive mit der Analyse und Bewahrung der Glasobjekte und aus musealer Sichtweise mit der Präsentation von barockem Glas. Bei allem zeigt sich eine enge Verbindung zur Hofkultur des europäischen Adels, der als Wegbereiter, Förderer und nicht zuletzt Käufer, Nutzer und Sammler der Glasobjekte auftrat. Auf diesem Weg sind viele der Luxusobjekte bis heute erhalten geblieben.
Frictional characteristics of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are of technological interests for reducing wear in circumstances where they are applied. Graphene oxide (GO) is one 2D ...nanomaterial with an excellent lubricating effect. However, no work has been reported yet on the effects of GO coating on the frictional characteristics of GFRP composites. In this work, GO was grafted on GFs by a surface treatment method via silane coupling agent. Uncoated and coated unidirectional GF reinforced epoxy composites were prepared using a hot press process. The frictional characteristics of GF reinforced composites were investigated in two directions parallel and perpendicular to fiber direction by the pin-on-disk method under the pressure of 5–30 N at the disk rotating speed of 50–200 rpm. The results showed that the frictional stability was greatly improved by grafting GO on GFs. The friction coefficient of GO-coated glass fiber reinforced polymer (GO-coated GFRP) composite was generally lower than that of the GFRP composite under a low pressure of 5 N and showed the lowest average friction coefficient of about 0.10 at the rotating speed of 100 rpm in the direction parallel to the fiber alignment. For the raw glass fiber reinforced composite, the friction coefficient is high under low pressures at low rotation speeds while this tendency is inverse for the GO-coated GFRP composite. In addition, the anisotropy of the friction characteristics is not obvious under low pressures but becomes obvious at high pressures for both GFRP and GO-coated GFRP composites.
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Ancient glass beads as a window to the ancient world Glass beads, both beautiful and portable, have been produced and traded globally for thousands of years. Modern archaeologists study these ...artifacts through sophisticated methods that analyze the glass composition, a process which can be utilized to trace bead usage through time and across regions. This book publishes open-access compositional data obtained from laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry, from a single analytical laboratory, providing a uniquely comparative data set. The geographic range includes studies of beads produced in Europe and traded widely across North America and beads from South and Southeast Asia traded around the Indian Ocean and beyond. The contributors provide new insight on the timing of interregional interactions, technologies of bead production and patterns of trade and exchange, using glass beads as a window to the past. This volume will be a key reference for glass researchers, archaeologists, and any scholars interested in material culture and exchange; it provides a wide range of case studies in the investigation and interpretation of glass bead composition, production and exchange since ancient times. Contributors: Bernard Gratuze (Institut de Recherche sur les ArchéoMATériaux, Centre Ernest-Babelon, UMR 5060 CNRS/Université d'Orléans), Alicia L. Hawkins (University of Toronto Mississauga), Elliot H. Blair (University of Alabama), Jessica Dalton-Carriger (Roane State Community College), Lee M. Panich (Santa Clara University), Thomas R. Fenn (The University of Oklahoma), Alison K. Carter (University of Oregon), Jennifer Craig (McGill University), Mark Aldenderfer (University of California, Merced), Mudit Trivedi (Stanford University), Lindsey Trombetta (The University of Texas at Austin), Jonathan R. Walz (The Field Museum / SIT-Graduate Institute), Akshay Sarathi (Florida Atlantic University), Carla Klehm (University of Arkansas), Marilee Wood (University of the Witwatersrand), Katherine A. Larson (Corning Museum of Glass), Heather Walder (The Field Museum / University of Wisconsin – La Crosse), Laure Dussubieux (The Field Museum) Supplementary Material 'The Elemental Analysis of Glass Beads' Ebook available in Open Access. This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).
This paper reviews the definition and excellent properties of metal glass briefly. And it lists the preparation methods of metal glass. Furthermore, the urgent problems and the main research ...directions of metal glass are summarized, the development history of metal glass is reviewed, and the application direction of metal glass is sorted.
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