Light acts as a key environmental factor for normal growth and development of plants. Carya cathayensis Sarg. (hickory) faces low light conditions, especially those caused by cloudy or rainy days ...during the rapid growth period, which has caused adverse effects on its growth. In the current investigation, to alleviate the adverse effects of insufficient light on the cultivation of hickory, anti-hydrolyze stabilized ionic titanium (ASIT) was sprayed on the leaves of the three kinds of grafted seedlings and the non-grafted seedlings of hickory grown under different shade conditions. Results showed that the leaf mass per area and chlorophyll content of grafted hickory seedlings were increased after ASIT application. Rubisco content and photosynthetic rate (Pn) of seedlings grown under shading conditions were positively affected by ASIT treatment, especially on the 45th day of treatment, while the interaction effects of the two parameters between ASIT application and different shade treatments were significant. Titanium accumulation was the highest in roots, followed by leaves, and then in stems, while ASIT had the most significant effects on roots and leaves under 50 ± 5% shade. Severe shading inhibited growth and lead to serious destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure. In addition, the role of ASIT was rootstock-dependent, since ASIT had the weakest mitigation effect on the C/H grafted seedlings. To sum up, the application of ASIT to the grafted seedlings of hickory could improve its ability to resist shade stress.
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•Reduced photosynthesis of C. cathayensis seedlings under shade treatment.•Enhanced photosynthesis of C. cathayensis seedlings by titanium under shade.•Rootstock-specific photosynthetic changes of C. cathayensis seedlings.
The yield of raw cashew nuts in Benin remains relatively low, mainly because of the planting material used by farmers. Indeed, cashew tree producers use the nuts all-from previous years for the ...installation of plantations. The use of grafted seedlings is today an alternative, to improve the yield of new plantations. However, grafted plants are fragile and don’t survive easily the dry season of the year in which they are planted, with a high mortality rate due to their fragility. This research conducted on tropical ferruginous soils in Central Benin aims to evaluate the reaction of grafted cashew seedlings to different formulas of mineral and organic fertilizers applied as bottom fertilization. For the study, a Randomized Complete Block Design with three repetitions was installed. Each repetition consists of 11 treatments. The generalized linear model (glm) was used to perform the analysis of variance with SPSS v21 software which to compare the effects of the treatments. The organo-mineral formulas N40P80K72 + 2 kg of poultry droppings and N40P80 + 2 kg of poultry droppings applied as bottom manure allowed for better results in terms of recovery and growth parameters of grafted plants installed in the field. These fertilizer formulas allowed the grafted cashew plants to survive 85% and 80% respectively after installation. They also improved height growth, vigor and the ability to emit many leaves. To reduce the mortality rate of cashew transplants, these fertilizer formulas can be suggested to growers for the establishment of new plantations.
A plant regeneration technique was successfully developed for the first time using young leaves harvested from two-y-old grafted seedlings in loquat (
Eriobotrya japonica
L.) cv. Dawuxing. Callus ...cultures were induced from the cut edge of the leaf explants after 2 wk of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L
−1
6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg L
−1
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), in which callus cultures were induced at a frequency of 89.2%. White-greenish adventitious buds occurred after 3 wk of culture on MS medium supplemented with 0.8 mg L
−1
thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.3 mg L
−1
α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 0.2 mg L
−1
AgNO
3
, the adventitious buds developed to shoots after 5 wk of culture, with 30.6% of shoot induction rate. The shoots (about 5 cm in length with expanded leaves) rooted at a rate of 68.9% on the rooting medium consisting of ½ MS medium containing 1.0 mg L
−1
NAA and 1.0 mg L
−1
indolebutyric acid (IBA). The rooted plantlets, after hardening, survived satisfactorily in the transplantation matrix of peat and humus under optimum temperature, light, and water management. The morphology and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker banding patterns of the regenerated plants were all identical and similar to that of the mother plant. The plant regeneration technique developed in this study could be useful for
Agrobacterium
-mediated genetic transformation in loquat.
Salinization of cultivated soils is a global phenomenon mainly caused by agricultural practices and deteriorates plant production. Biostimulants are products which can be applied exogenously to ...enhance the plants' defense mechanism and improve their developmental characteristics, also under abiotic stresses. We studied the potential of two biostimulants,
(Asc) seaweed and a silicon-based (Si), to alleviate the saline conditions endured by watermelon transplants. Three salinity (0 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM NaCl) treatments were applied in watermelon seedlings transplanted in pots, while the two biostimulants were sprayed in the foliar in the beginning of the experiment. Relative water content was improved by Asc in the high salinity level. The plant area, leaf number, and shoot dry weight deteriorated in relation to the salinity level. However, the root system (total root length and surface area) was enhanced by 50 mM salt, as well as Asc in some cases. The OJIP transient of the photosynthetic apparatus was also evaluated. Some OJIP parameters diminished in the high salinity level after Asc application. It is concluded that after salt stress Asc provoked a positive phenotypic response, while Si did not alleviate the salinity stress of transplanted watermelon.
The objective of this research was to develop an automatic outward-appearance features measurement system for grafted tomato seedlings. The system employs a set of image acquisition and processing ...instruments that incorporate image analysis technology. Computer software packages LabVIEW 7.0 and Vision Assistant 7.0 were used to analyze the measured seedling feature information, which included the width and height of the rootstock/scion, the width and the height of the grafting-tubes, the whole grafted seedling height, number of leaves, and the canopy area. By monitoring and analyzing this feature information, the growth condition and the physiological status of the seedlings can be understood better and controlled. This research was targeted at grafted tomato seedlings that used "EG-203" eggplant as the rootstock and "Asian No. 6" tomato as the scion. The experimental results showed that the measurement error for the width and the height of both the rootstock and the scion was less than 9%. For leaf area measurement, a LI-COR LI-3100 leaf area meter was used to give a comparative accuracy of the system. The results showed that the average error for LI-3100 measurements was 3.09% with a standard deviation of 2.93, while these values for the developed system was 3.64% and 2.03, respectively; thus, there was no significant difference between the leaf area measured by LI-3100 and the developed system.
Effect of light quality on plant temperatures at joining parts of grafted watermelon seedlings was investigated using a thermal imaging system in this study. Plant temperatures at joining parts ...lowered than those at stem region during graft-taking. However, difference in plant temperatures at joining parts and at stem region decreased by days after graft-taking. Plant temperatures of grafted seedlings graft-taken under white, blue, red, and blue + red fluorescent lamps repeatedly fluctuated high at photoperiod and low at dark period.
Increasing numbers of vegetable growers purchase their transplants from specialized transplant producers instead of using their own facilities to grow their own transplants. A drawback of purchasing ...transplants is the risk of deterioration to transplants during transportation from transplant producers to the growers. This limits the market size, as well as the potential sources of high quality transplants. To optimize the transportation conditions that can minimize/eliminate the negative impact of transportation on the transplants and thereby on the early yield, environmental conditions during a 2-day transportation in temperature-controlled trailers were analyzed to detect spatial variation and time course environmental changes inside trailers. The trailers were filled with 6 to 8 week old tomato grafted seedlings. Transplant quality and early fruit development were surveyed at the hydroponic tomato growers’ site for seedlings transported at different temperatures. Reducing air temperature inside the trailer to 12°C from the conventional 18°C significantly improved the development of flower and fruits of the first truss. Optimizing environmental conditions is critical for successful long distance transportation of quality seedlings for fresh vegetable production in greenhouse.
Monokultura i suženi plodored kao dominantni način uzgoja povrća u zaštićenim prostorima imaju za posljedicu izraženu akumulaciju biljnih štetočinja u tlu koje mogu ugroziti nastavak proizvodnje te u ...značajnoj mjeri povećati potrebe za primjenom kemijskih pripravaka. Probleme uzrokovane uzgojem u suženom plodoredu moguće je izbjeći primjenom hidroponskog načina uzgoja, što je ekonomski opravdano pri obimnijoj proizvodnji, dok se problemi uskog plodoreda na manjim površinama mogu izbjeći uzgojem pojedinih vrsta povrća sadnjom cijepljenih presadnica. Osim značajnije tolerantnosti na bolesti i štetnike koji se prenose tlom, zbog jače bujnosti podloga cijepljene biljke u pravilu daju veći rani i ukupni prinos. Da bi se utvrdila kompatibilnost između pojedinih podloga i najčešće uzgajanih hibrida rajčice u zaštićenim prostorima i procjene produktivnosti biljaka i prinosa rajčice uzgojene iz cijepljenih presadnica, tijekom 2009. godine u Visokom gospodarskom učilištu u Križevcima provedena su istraživanja čiji su preliminarni rezultati obrađeni u ovome radu.
•Partial replacement of red and blue with green light increased the survival of DRC grafted tomato seedlings.•Green light boosted graft union formation of DRC grafted seedlings.•Green light ...facilitated root regeneration of DRC grafted seedlings.•Green light increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthesis.
Double-root-cutting (DRC) grafting is a new grafting method that makes it possible to ship grafted seedlings without using plug trays, through cutting off the roots of both scion and rootstock. However, graft healing and root regeneration are the two important factors determining the survival of the DRC grafted plants. Recent studies have shown that green light plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. We hypothesized that green light could stimulate the graft healing and root regeneration of the rootstock in DRC grafted seedlings. To test this hypothesis, we used tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Beaded Curtain grafted on cv. Rootstock No. 1) exposed to white LED lamp (W) as a control (CK). In the treatment group, green light (10, 20 and 30%) was added to the red and blue spectrum without changing the intensity of red and blue fractions. The effects of different light qualities on graft union formation, survival rate, rooting of the rootstock hypocotyls, activities of antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content and grafted seedling quality of grafted tomato seedlings were then studied. Compared with DRC grafted seedlings exposed to the same light intensity, addition of 30% green light to red and blue lights increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content, plant height and index of seedling strength of grafted seedlings, showed a more positive effect on the development and performance of grafted seedlings, and promoted graft union, rootstock rooting and grafted seedling growth. Increasing the proportion of green light brought about better graft union and rootstock rooting. Our results showed that green light may reduce the degree of stomatal opening and transpiration rate during the early stages of grafting. Green light increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which was enhanced tissue lignification. Photosynthesis was driven by green light, which improved the development of aboveground parts, enhanced the transport of auxin from leaves to rooting zone, and promoted hypocotyl rooting of DRC grafted tomato seedlings.
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