The increasing water scarcity associated with environmental change brings significant negative impacts to the growth of cotton plants, whereby it is urgent to enhance plant tolerance to drought. ...Here, we overexpressed the com58276 gene isolated from the desert plant Caragana korshinskii in cotton plants. We obtained three OE plants and demonstrated that com58276 confers drought tolerance in cotton after subjecting transgenic seeds and plants to drought. RNA-seq revealed the mechanisms of the possible anti-stress response, and that the overexpression of com58276 does not affect growth and fiber content in OE cotton plants. The function of com58276 is conserved across species, improving the tolerance of cotton to salt and low temperature, and demonstrating its applicability to improve plant resistance to environmental change.
Changing climate, food shortage, water scarcity and rapidly increasing population are some of the emerging challenges globally. Drought stress is the most devastating threat for agricultural ...productivity. Natural plant growth substances are intensively used to improve the productivity of crop plants grown under stressed and benign environments. The current study evaluated whether leaf extract of different moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) could play a role in improving drought-tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants were grown under three drought conditions, i.e., no, moderate and severe drought (100, 75 and 50% field capacity, respectively). Moringa leaf extract (MLE) obtained from four landraces (Multan, Faisalabad, D. G. Khan and exotic landrace from India) was applied during critical crop growth stages, i.e., tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling. Drought stress adversely affected the gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes' activities, yield and quality parameters of rice. Application of MLE from all landraces significantly improved physiological, biochemical and yield parameters under stressed and normal environmental conditions. The highest improvement in gas exchange traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and respiration rate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and oxidative marker (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) was recorded with MLE obtained from Faisalabad landrace. The application of MLE of Faisalabad landrace also improved yield and grain quality of rice grown under drought stress as well as drought-free environment. Thus, MLE of Faisalabad can be successfully used to improve growth, productivity and grain quality of rice under drought stress.
Healthy plants host diverse but taxonomically structured communities of microorganisms, the plant microbiota, that colonize every accessible plant tissue. Plant-associated microbiomes confer fitness ...advantages to the plant host, including growth promotion, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance and resistance to pathogens. In this Review, we explore how plant microbiome research has unravelled the complex network of genetic, biochemical, physical and metabolic interactions among the plant, the associated microbial communities and the environment. We also discuss how those interactions shape the assembly of plant-associated microbiomes and modulate their beneficial traits, such as nutrient acquisition and plant health, in addition to highlighting knowledge gaps and future directions.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kepribadian tangguh (hardiness) pada ibu yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLB Negeri Binjai. Sampel dalam ...penelitian ini adalah 56 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling yakni dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dimana jumlah sampel sama dengan populasi. Sejalan dengan pembahasan yang ada dalam landasan teori, maka hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan positif antara religiusitas dengan kepribadian tangguh (hardiness) pada ibu yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus. Dengan asumsi bahwa semakin tinggi religiusitas maka akan semakin tinggi kepribadian tangguh (hardiness) ibu tersebut, demikian sebaliknya semakin rendah religiusitas maka akan semakin tinggi kepribadian tangguh (hardiness) ibu tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan skala religiusitas yang terdiri dari 5 aspek yakni Religious Belief (The ideological dimension), aspek Religious Practise (The ritualistic dimension), aspek Religious Feeling (The experiental dimension), aspek Religious Knowledge (The intelektual dimension), aspek Religious Effect (The consecquental dimension), dan skala kepribadian tangguh (hardiness) yang terdiri dari 3 aspek yakni komitmen, kontrol, dan tantangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan skala Likert. Untuk menguji Hipotesis yang diajukan dilakukan dengan koefisien korelasi (rxy = 0, 949 ; p < 0,000).Artinya ada hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kepribadian tangguh (hardiness).
•We evaluate risk of frost damage in assisted migration to address climate change.•Planting stock moved north shows tradeoffs between growth and cold hardiness.•Day length regime is the main ...environmental variable regulating this tradeoff.•Limiting northward transfers to 500 km maintained hardiness with good growth.
Human assisted movement of reforestation stock poleward or upward in elevation has been proposed as a tool to address climate change in regular reforestation programs. However, moving warm adapted seed sources to colder environments could carry the risk of frost damage if seed sources are moved too far. Here, we assess genetic differentiation in growth potential, survival and cold hardiness of a wide-ranging tree species, white spruce (Picea glauca Moench Voss). We use data from a 34-year-old common garden experiment planted in the approximate center of the species range. Cold hardiness was negatively related to growth and positively to survival. Generalized additive models identified mean coldest month temperature and latitude (as a proxy for the day length regime) as an exceptionally good predictor for the onset of cold hardiness (R2adj = 0.91). The results suggest that day length, an environmental factor that is not influenced by climate change, is an important factor controlling the timing of the onset of hardiness. Survival was only moderately well predicted, primarily by precipitation of the provenance origin (R2adj = 0.36) indicating that other adaptive traits besides cold hardiness should be considered in assisted migration prescriptions. Survival of seed sources appears primarily compromised when transplanting sources from wet origins to a dry location. Nevertheless, acceptable migration distances without significant tradeoffs were up to 500 km north and 1500 km west towards a central planting location.
Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms. However, in excessive amounts these heavy metals ...have deleterious effects. Like other organisms, plants possess a variety of detoxification mechanisms to counter the harmful effects of heavy metals. These include the restriction of heavy metals by mycorrhizal association, binding with plant cell wall and root excretions, metal efflux from the plasma membrane, metal chelation by phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and compartmentalization within the vacuole. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. This technology is inexpensive, efficient, and ecofriendly. This review focuses on potential cellular and molecular adaptations by plants that are necessary to tolerate heavy metal stress.
Segregation distortion (SD) is a genetic mechanism commonly found in segregating or stable populations. The principle behind this puzzles many researchers. The F.sub.2 generation developed from wild ...Gossypium darwinii and G. hirsutum CCRI12 species was used to investigate the possible transcription factors within the segregation distortion regions (SDRs). The 384 out of 2763 markers were distorted in 29 SDRs on 18 chromosomes. Good collinearity was observed among genetic and physical maps of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense syntenic blocks. Total 568 genes were identified from SDRs of 18 chromosomes. Out of these genes, 128 belonged to three top-ranked salt-tolerant gene families. The DUF597 contained 8 uncharacterized genes linked to Pkinase (PF00069) gene family in the phylogenetic tree, while 15 uncharacterized genes clustered with the zinc finger gene family. Two hundred thirty four miRNAs targeted numerous genes, including ghr-miR156, ghr-miR399 and ghr-miR482, while others targeted top-ranked stress-responsive transcription factors. Moreover, these genes were involved in the regulation of numerous stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements. The RNA sequence data of fifteen upregulated genes were verified through the RT-qPCR. The expression profiles of two highly upregulated genes (Gh_D01G2015 and Gh_A01G1773) in salt-tolerant G. darwinii showed antagonistic expression in G. hirsutum. The results indicated that salt-tolerant genes have been possibly transferred from the wild G. darwinii species. A detailed functional analysis of these genes can be carried out which might be helpful in the future for gene cloning, transformation, gene editing and the development of salt-resistant cotton varieties.
Hardiness characterizes the degree of formation the ability to withstand a stressful situation, maintain internal balance, without reducing the success of activities and is the foundation of personal ...characteristics. The purpose of the study is to identify personal resources and determine their impact on hardiness. Methods of the research. The following methods were used to identify personal resources and determine their impact on hardiness: Maddi’s Hardiness Scale; Shostrom’s Personal Orientation Inventory; Sheldon’s Self Determination Scale; Crumbaugh Purpose in Life Test; Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being; Wiesbaden Inventory for Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy. The sample of our study consisted of 807 people, aged from 14 to 70 years, different in terms of education, professional employment, specialty, family and social status and from different cities and villages of Ukraine. The results of the research. It was investigated that the values of the hardiness indicators components are expressed at an average level and are within the normal range. The average level of hardiness (68.2%) prevails among the respondents. It has been found that the hardiness predictors are meaningfulness of life, autonomy, self-acceptance and self-confidence. We established the relationship between hardiness and personal resources, which include primary and secondary abilities, using the correlation analysis. All components of hardiness have been shown to correlate with primary capacities such as time, contact, trust, hope, sexuality, and love. Diligence, reliability and thrift are influential among the secondary abilities. Conclusions. The analysis of personal resources proves that meaningful life goals are the resource for the hardiness development. The components of hardiness are related to self-determination, self-organization, psychological wellbeing, and the reality and awareness of life goals. The leading role in the hardiness development belongs to personal resources. The resources that influence hardiness are determined using variance analysis: love, contacts, hope and trust.
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