This WHO report produced in collaboration withMember States and other partners provides as accuratea picture as is presently possible of the magnitude ofAMR and the current state of surveillance ...globally.The report focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR)in common bacterial pathogens. Why? There is amajor gap in knowledge about the magnitude of thisproblem and such information is needed to guideurgent public health actions. ABR is complex andmultidimensional. It involves a range of resistancemechanisms affecting an ever-widening range ofbacteria most of which can cause a wide spectrumof diseases in humans and animals. One important finding of the report which will serveas a baseline to measure future progress is that thereare many gaps in information on pathogens of majorpublic health importance. In addition surveillance ofABR generally is neither coordinated nor harmonized compromising the quality and representativeness ofmany data. Nonetheless the report makes a clear case thatresistance to common bacteria has reached alarminglevels in many parts of the world suggesting thatmany of the available treatment options for commoninfections in some settings are becoming ineffective.Furthermore systematic reviews of the scientificevidence show that ABR has a negative impact onoutcomes for patients and health-care expenditures.Generally surveillance in TB malaria and HIV to detectresistance determine disease burden and monitorpublic health interventions is better established andexperiences from these programmes are describedin the report so that lessons learnt can be appliedto ABR and opportunities for collaboration identified.
This study compared the Applied Behavior Analysis benefit provided by TRICARE as an early intervention for autism spectrum disorder with similar benefits in Medicaid and commercial health insurance ...plans. The study focused on comparing a proposed TRICARE reimbursement rate decrease from $125 per hour to $68 per hour for such services performed by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst to reimbursement rates in other plans.
Military Caregivers Tanielian, Terri; Ramchand, Rajeev; Fisher, Michael P
03/2013
eBook
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Military caregivers are an essential part of our nation’s ability to care for returning wounded warriors. Far too often, their own needs are neglected. The RAND Corporation and the Elizabeth Dole ...Foundation lay the groundwork to inform policy and program development relative to the needs of military caregivers that often differ from the needs of the general caregiving population.
Noted political scientist and public policy expert John J. Pitney, Jr., explains how autism has evolved into a heated political issue disputed by scientists, educators, social workers, and families.
Preventing childhood obesity Koplan, Jeffrey; Liverman, Catharyn T; Kraak, Vivica I
2005, 20050113, 2005-01-31, 2005-01-15, 20050101
eBook, Book
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Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the ...reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking development?an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century.
Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
This book provides a timely overview of toxicogenomics, with special emphasis on the practical applications of this technology to the risk assessment process. Introductory sections are followed by a ...series of chapters highlighting practical and systematic applications of toxicogenomics in informing the risk assessment process – including the areas of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, organ-specific toxicity, population monitoring, and ecotoxicology. The book concludes with approaches for the integration of this technology in safety evaluation studies, and an outlook on how toxicogenomics and complementary technologies can reframe the current risk assessment paradigm.
Nursing and Healthcare Research at a Glance is perfect for nursing and healthcare students, as well as newly qualified practitioners and anyone looking for a refresher or introduction to research. ...Covering a broad range of topics gathered under key sections, this essential book combines informative diagrams and images to provide memorable information for students on one page, and accessible, clearly written text on the facing page. It includes information on a range of quantitative and qualitative research methods, the process of gaining ethical permission, conducting research with special groups including children, and successfully conducting reviews of the literature. Key features include: * Clear and informative full colour illustrations throughout * An emphasis on need-to-know research information for busy students and healthcare staff * A wide range of research methods, currently used in modern healthcare research * An impressive line-up of specialist and well-known experts in the field of health and nursing research This book provides quick access to the principles and reality of research and its implementation within the education and practice environment. It is essential reading for anyone in health service education and service settings with limited time who need to draw on research evidence.
The war on terrorism and the threat of chemical and biological weapons have brought a new urgency to already complex moral and bioethical questions. In the Wake of Terror presents thought-provoking ...essays on many of the troubling issues facing American society, written by experts from the fields of medicine, health care policy, law, political science, history, philosophy, and theology. One of the first potential casualties of catastrophic circumstances is civil liberties. In the past, medical experiments conducted for national security purposes have violated ethical standards, and this book questions whether current policy provides sufficient safeguards against further abuses. It also focuses on public health issues, offering contrasting views on the extent to which civil authorities should be allowed to restrict freedom of movement in the name of national security and debating whether aggressive public health interventions improve public confidence and cooperation or detract from them. A major area of concern is preparedness for future terrorist attacks. Chapters are devoted to ethical issues involved in the development, distribution, and rationing of vaccines and antidotes; resource allocation and medical triage; the moral duties of emergency health workers and other first responders; and the obligations of private entities such as managed care organizations and pharmaceutical companies. Contributors also address the implications of terrorism for our health insurance system and the role of genetic advances in bioterrorism. Underlying all of these issues, the authors argue, is the need to maintain a spirit of social solidarity, which can in turn only be achieved if preparations are publicly acknowledged and generally regarded as both prudent and fair.
Suicide impacts on the most vulnerable of the worlds populations and is highly prevalent in already marginalized and discriminated groups of society. It is not just a serious public health problem ...in developed countries; in fact most suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries where resources and services if they do exist are often scarce and limited for early identification treatment and support of people in need. These striking facts and the lack of implemented timely interventions make suicide a global public health problem that needs to be tackled imperatively. This report is the first WHO publication of its kind and brings together what is known in a convenient form so that immediate actions can be taken. The report aims to increase the awareness of the public health significance of suicide and suicide attempts and to make suicide prevention a higher priority on the global public health agenda. It aims to encourage and support countries to develop or strengthen comprehensive suicide prevention strategies in a multisectoral public health approach. For a national suicide prevention strategy it is essential that governments assume their role of leadership as they can bring together a multitude of stakeholders who may not otherwise collaborate. Governments are also in a unique position to develop and strengthen surveillance and to provide and disseminate data that are necessary to inform action. This report proposes practical guidance on strategic actions that governments can take on the basis of their resources and existing suicide prevention activities. In particular there are evidence-based and low-cost interventions that are effective even in resource-poor settings.
