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Hemodialysis membrane is the most important part of hemodialysis device. With the development of new dialysis membranes, the classification of membranes needs to be reconsidered. ...Additionally, membrane properties vitally affect the interaction between membrane and blood components, determining hemocompatibility of membrane. In recent years, many surface-modified membranes have been fabricated by different methods to minimize the blood incompatibility of membranes. These modified techniques further open up new directions for blood compatibility of hemodialysis membranes. Therefore, in this review, we reclassified the hemodialysis membranes in recent years according to the matrix of membrane as evaluation standard, and summarized surface modification technology that have been developed in the laboratory. Finally, we discussed the research and development challenges of hemocompatibility dialysis membranes and provided the priority directions for further improving hemocompatibility of dialysis membranes and clinical applications.
During the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), protein adsorption on the membrane not only leads to a decline in the efficiency of gas exchange but also triggers a series of ...adverse effects and even blood coagulation. Herein, we provide the hydrophilic and low-surface-energy strategy to prepare a fouling-resistance and fouling-release membrane for ECMO. Polyvinylimide (PEI) was grafted with tannic acid (TA) on the PES membrane to form a hydrophilic coating, on which fluorinated small molecules with low surface energy were subsequently grafted by ring-opening reaction to form low-surface-energy domains. The hydrophilic coating resists fouling adhesion by forming hydration layers, while the low surface energy of the hydrophobic domains facilitates the release of pollutants. Moreover, the introduction of the hydrophobic domains facilitates gas-liquid exchange in the ECMO-simulated environment. After PBS rinsing, BSA and BFG removal improved by 97.81 % and 227.83 %, respectively. Finally, in our ECMO-simulated gas-liquid circulation detection device, the modified membrane exhibits excellent gas exchange properties (The O2 and CO2 exchange rates reach 123.37 and 168.52 mL min−1·m−2, respectively) and is resistant to plasma leakage. This study provides a new surface modification anti-fouling strategy with simultaneous enhancement of hemocompatibility and gas exchange efficiency.
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•A novel anti-fouling modification strategy fitting ECMO membranes is provided.•Simultaneously improves anti-fouling, gas exchange and leakage resistance properties.•The surface modification method is easily scalable for industrial production.
Biodegradable metals such iron-based materials, are studied as temporary implants in the orthopedic field due to their adequate mechanical properties, non-toxic degradation products, and the ...possibility of avoiding a second surgical intervention to remove the device. One strategy to overcome the slow degradation rate of pure Fe is the addition of alloying elements. The aim of this work is to characterize the in vitro behavior of a new FeMnCSi alloy (Fe 26.5Mn 0.5C 1.14Si 0.03P 0.01S), and compare it with the performance of pure iron in simulated body fluid. The alloy performance was characterized in terms of chemical composition, microstructure, hemocompatibility and electrochemical responseIt has been found that FeMnCSi alloy presented a marked and progressive degradation in simulated body fluid after 14 days of immersion, significantly larger than pure Fe. The presence of phosphate-based compounds was confirmed on the surface of the alloy after 1 day of immersion while only after 14 days of immersion was detected on Fe. Additionally, the FeMnCSi alloy demonstrates improved blood compatibility compared to pure iron, indicating its suitability for applications in irrigated areas such as bones.
•The addition of Si in the FeMnCSi alloy promotes γ-austenite and reduces magnetism.•FeMnCSi alloy displays earlier bioactivity than pure iron.•The presence of Mn and Si contributes progressive degradation in SBF after 14 days.•FeMnCSi alloy demonstrates better blood compatibility than pure iron.
The enhancement of hemocompatibility through the use of nanoplatforms loaded with heparin represents a highly desirable characteristic in the context of emerging tissue engineering applications. The ...significance of employing heparin in biological processes is unquestionable, owing to its ability to interact with a diverse range of proteins. It plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes by engaging in interactions with diverse proteins and hydrogels. This review provides a summary of recent endeavors focused on augmenting the hemocompatibility of tissue engineering methods through the utilization of nanoplatforms loaded with heparin. This study also provides a comprehensive review of the various applications of heparin-loaded nanofibers and nanoparticles, as well as the techniques employed for encapsulating heparin within these nanoplatforms. The biological and physical effects resulting from the encapsulation of heparin in nanoplatforms are examined. The potential applications of heparin-based materials in tissue engineering are also discussed, along with future perspectives in this field.
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Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining procedure for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The efficiency of hemodialysis is limited by the dialysis membrane biocompatibility and the poor ...clearance of middle-molecule uremic toxins. As a result, hemodialysis is associated with acute chronic side-effects that threaten patients' lives. During hemodialysis, interfacial interactions of blood-polymeric membranes result in several consequences. These interactions lead to the body's various system activations, including the coagulation of blood components, leukocytes (i.e., immune system activation) and complement activations, thrombogenesis, cytokine production, and appearance of radicals with free oxygen. Despite advances in research, the most vital issue in dialysis therapies is the biocompatibility and hemoincompatibility of the membranes. The process of enhancing membrane hemocompatibility is currently posing a global challenge. Reactions to incompatibility can cause severe injuries to the patients and result in morbidity and mortality. This critical review offers a focused analysis of the latest efforts to enhance the hemodialysis membrane's hemocompatibility as well as emphasize current research gaps. Recent innovations (since 2014) in hemodialysis membranes are analyzed in correlation to categories of modified polymer structure chemistry tuning, and surface modifications and their influences on membrane hemocompatibility. Particular attention is paid to: (1) chemical immobilization of functional groups (surface grafting); (2) layer-by-layer chemical attachment of species (LBL); (3) covalent attachment of super hydrophilic-hydrogel; (4) mixed matrix membranes (MMM); and (5) base polymer membrane modification (blending method). This critical review provides an overview of the effects the modification methods can have on biocompatibility and how they can pave the way for optimum enhancement of hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility.
Unmodified membrane with blood clots and cascade reaction products (▪ representing cytokines, ▪ representing leucocytes, ▪ representing complement activation enzymes, ▪ representing blood clots), modification techniques for polymeric hemodialysis membranes: chemical immobilization of functional groups (surface grafting), layer by layer chemical attachment of species (LBL), covalent attachment of super-hydrophilic hydrogel, mixed matrix membrane (MMM) and base polymer modification (blending). Display omitted
•Body systems' response to hemodialysis membranes were reviewed.•Biocompatibility issues regarding complement activation and thrombogenesis were discussed.•Conventional hemodialysis modified membrane assessments were introduced.•Advances in hemodialysis modification researches targeting biocompatibility issues were reviewed.
Although zwitterionic polymers exhibit outstanding non-fouling property and biocompatibility, their poor solubility in organic solvents limits their practical applications. In this work, an ...amphiphilic zwitterionic polymer whose core is made of PES matrix was designed via addition and quaternization, which exhibited excellent solubility in various organic solvents and good compatibility with PES. Its incorporation into the PES matrix by direct blending endowed the resulting membrane with excellent hydrophilicity and high water flux (243.4 L m−2 h−1), which was amplified about 2 times that of the pure PES membrane (125.0 L m−2 h−1), and the flux recover ratio was as high as 93.8%. Especially, the hemocompatibility of membranes determined by the protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, hemolysis ratio, plasma recalcification time, complement activation and whole blood clotting time tests confirmed that the PES/PES-zwitterionic membrane possessed excellent anticoagulation effect, mainly due to the gathering of zwitterions on membrane surface. Meanwhile, the low surface roughness of membrane also played an important role in hemocompatibility. The mutiphysical-chemical properties of the membrane allow it to function with synergy between permeability and hemocompatibility for further blood purification applications. We expect this methodology for construction of an enhanced and promoted hemocompatibility by chemical design will shed light on the material design. And this facile approach may have great potential in fabrication of blood purification membrane in large scale.
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•A novel amphiphilic zwitterionic PES is designed in large scale via addition and quaternization.•The trade-off effect of flux and rejection of membrane is eradicated by the introduction of amphiphilic zwitterionic PES.•PES/PES-zwitterionic membrane shows excellent hydrophilicity, permeability, antifouling properties and blood compatibility.
For several decades, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of diseases. In the preclinical setting, MSCs ...demonstrate consistent ability to promote tissue healing, down-regulate excessive inflammation and improve outcomes in animal models. Several proposed mechanisms of action have been posited and demonstrated across an array of
models. However, translation into clinical practice has proven considerably more difficult. A number of prominent well-funded late-phase clinical trials have failed, thus calling out for new efforts to optimize product delivery in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss novel topics critical to the successful translation of MSCs from pre-clinical to clinical applications. In particular, we focus on the major routes of cell delivery, aspects related to hemocompatibility, and potential safety concerns associated with MSC therapy in the different settings.
In this paper, modified membranes containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and heparin coatings were prepared on the surface of poly-4-methyl-1-pentene (PMP) hollow fibrous membrane using the high strength ...adhesion of polydopamine (PDA). In this paper, β-CD was added to increase the hemocompatibility of the PMP hollow fibrous membranes and the stability of the heparin coating. The uniformity of the heparin coating with β-CD addition was better than that of the groups without β-CD. After seven days of saline rinsing, the surface of the modified membranes with β-CD addition still had a large amount of heparin present, which was more stable compared to the control group. After surface modification, the modified membrane changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Importantly, the protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and hemolysis rates of the modified membranes were significantly reduced compared with the pristine membranes. The APTT values were also significantly increased. The results showed that the modified membranes with the addition of β-CD had better hydrophilicity, can maintain the stability of heparin coating for a long time, and finally showed good hemocompatibility.
•β-CD were used to improve the stability of heparin-modified membranes.•The modified membranes have good hemocompatibility.•Simple and inexpensive fabrication method for subsequent industrial application.
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